karl jakobs universität freiburg germany planning activities in europe ……
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Karl JakobsUniversität Freiburg Germany
Planning Activities
in Europe
…….
Who can speak for Europe ?
• CERN was established in 1953 as an intergovernmental Organization and plays a special role and has special status on the European particle physics scene:
• Under the terms of the CERN Convention1, its mission is to
– “provide for collaboration among European States in nuclear research of a pure scientific and fundamental character, and in research essentially related thereto.”
• The Convention provides that this mission be implemented through two kinds of activity:
1. “the construction and operation of one or more international laboratories" with "one or more particle accelerators”
2. "the organization and sponsoring of international co-operation in nuclear research, including co-operation outside the Laboratories"
1. http://legal-service.web.cern.ch/legal-service/convention.htm/FP3
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
Initiative from CERN CouncilCERN Council
• Sept. 2005: Establish an ad hoc Scientific Advisory Group (Strategy Group)
• Mandate: produce a Draft Strategy Document (DSD) addressing the main lines of Particle Physics in Europe
- accelerator-based - non-accelerator based - including R&D for novel accelerator and detector technologies
• In the DSD, the Strategy Group shall aim:– to enhance the visibility of existing European particle physics programmes;– to foster increased collaboration among Europe's particle physics laboratories
and institutes;– to promote a coordinated European participation in world-wide projects;– to re-iterate the CERN Council's 2004 position on the European strategy for
the International Linear Collider;– to encourage knowledge transfer to other disciplines, industries, and society;– to outline priorities;– to consider time scales.
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
After extensive discussion, the Council agreed that it could go on record with the following statement:
"The Council:• Confirms that the first priority for the world particle physics community is to complete the LHC and its detectors in order to unveil, as soon as possible, the physics at the new energy frontier;
• Encourages the effort towards the design and development of a linear collider as a unique scientific opportunity at the precision frontier, complementary to the LHC;
• Confirms its endorsement of accelerated R&D activities for CLIC;
• Recognises the overall value for the world particle physics community of a decision to construct a TeV linear collider, and encourages the efforts of the leading players in that direction;
• Takes the view that, in the course of this process, it will be appropriate to take stock of the LHC and accelerator R&D results and produce a new assessment of the physics and the technology by 2010;
• Is of the opinion that, in the initial phase (2004-2007), the organisational structure of the global design initiative, in particular the Central Design Team, should be light."
Position of CERN Council in July 2004:
The Strategy Group
Co-chairpersonsT. Åkesson, LundK. Peach, Oxford
Preparatory groupR. Aleksan, SaclayS. Bertolucci, Frascati-INFNA. Blondel, GenevaM. Cavalli-Sforza, IFAER. Heuer, DESYF. Linde, NIKHEF E. Rondio, Warsaw B. Webber, Cambridge
Lab DirectorsR. Aymar, CERNM. Calvetti, LNF-INFNE. Coccia, LNGS-INFNJ. Engelen, CERNR. Eichler, PSIA. Wagner, DESY J. Womersley, EPP @ RALG. Wormser, LAL/OrsayJ. Zinn-Justin, Dapnia/CEA
Members from delegations
Austria: W. Majerotto, Vienna Belgium: R. Gastmans, LeuvenCzech Rep.: J. Chyla, PragueDenmark: H. Boggild, CopenhagenFinland: J. Tuominiemi, Helsinki France: J. Feltesse, DAPNIAGermany: G. Herten, Freiburg Greece: D. Nanopoulos, AthensHungary: G. Vesztergombi, KFKIItaly: L. Cifarelli, BolognaNetherlands: S. de Jong, Nijmegen Norway: S. Stapnes, OsloPoland: J. Nassalski, Warsaw Portugal: G. Barreira, LIP Spain: M. Aguilar, CIEMAT Sweden: B. Åsman, StockholmSwitzerland: A. Rubbia, ETH Zurich
Scientific SecretaryM. Mangano, CERN
Observer states (USA, Japan, Israel, Turkey, India and Russia) + APPEC, NuPECC, FALC, invited as observers
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
Timeline, major milestones• Sept. 2005: Announcement
Web page: http://council-strategygroup.web.cern.ch/council-strategygroup/ (Link from CERN homepage) Interface to the community Call for input from the community (more than 60 proposals / statements received)
• Open Symposium in Orsay 30th of January to 1st of February 2006 Summary talks + Collect the view of the community Well attended, > 400 participants, all countries, lively discussion Summaries in Briefing Books 1-3, appeared 13. April, available from the web → scientific information to the Strategy Group
• Workshop in Zeuthen / Berlin 2nd - 6th of May 2006 Draft strategy document
• CERN Council meeting in Lisbon 14th of July 2006
Aim: unanimous approval of the Draft Strategy Document
Written submissions to the SG (to 15th March)
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
Timeline, major milestones• Sept. 2005: Announcement
Web page: http://council-strategygroup.web.cern.ch/council-strategygroup/ (Link from CERN homepage) Interface to the community Call for input from the community (more than 60 proposals / statements received)
• Open Symposium in Orsay 30th of January to 1st of February 2006 Summary talks + Collect the view of the community Well attended, > 400 participants, all countries, lively discussion Summaries in Briefing Books 1-3, appeared 13. April, available from the web → scientific information to the Strategy Group
• Workshop in Zeuthen / Berlin 2nd - 6th of May 2006 Draft strategy document
• CERN Council meeting in Lisbon 14th of July 2006
Aim: unanimous approval of the Draft Strategy Document
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
The Physics Topics discussed in Orsay
1. The physics of the high energy frontier (K. Desch, Freiburg)
2. High energy frontier: accelerators (P. Raimondi, Frascati)
3. Oscillations of massive neutrinos (P. Huber, Wisconsin and A. Cervera, Geneva )
4. Flavour Physics (A. Höcker, CERN)
5. Precision Measurements (G. Onderwater, Groningen)
6. Non-accelerator and astroparticle physics (N. Palanque-Delabrouille, Saclay)
7. Strong Interactions (J. Butterworth, UC London and J. Ollitrault, Saclay)
8. Theoretical Physics (N. Glover, Durham)
The Physics of the High Energy Frontier
Klaus DeschUniversity of Freiburg
LHC – SLHC – DLHCLHeC
µC
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
Summary on LHC + upgrades:
• First data set with excellent prospects for discoveries (10-30 fb-1) may be expected for 2009/10. Analysis needs detailed understanding of detectors and backgrounds.
• Full LHC luminosity allows for discovery of very broad range of high-PT phenomena and measurements of new particle properties.
• LHC luminosity upgrade (SLHC) increases discovery reach by 20-30%, better precision for statistically limited processes.
• Energy upgrade (DLHC) has larger discovery reach but represents a significantly larger effort.
• New proposal submitted: supplement LHC by a 70 GeV e± storage ring to allow for ep collisions at s = 1.4 TeV (4x HERA) and L = 1033 cm-2 s-1 (20x HERA)
physics motivation: unique for eq resonances (Leptoquarks, squarks in RPV-SUSY,…) precise analysis of LQ quantum numbers would be possible over the full LHC discovery range
LHC machine status and a “likely” startup scenario
See : http://lhc-new-homepage.web.cern.ch/lhc-new-homepage/DashBoard/index.asp
A “likely” startup scenario: (HEP06 conf., Lyn Evans, ATLAS Coll. Meeting, Feb.06)
Late 2007: Proton run ~ 10 - 100 pb-1 (for 10 pb-1: number of tt events comparable to Tevatron with 1 fb-1)
→ detector and trigger commissioning, calibration, early physics
By end 2008: Physics runs: ~ 1 – 10 fb-1
By end 2009: Physics runs: > 15 fb-1
• Plan: terminate installation in February 2007
• Cryogenics + dipole installation on critical path to be ready for beam in Summer 2007
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
Summary on LHC + upgrades:
• First data set with excellent prospects for discoveries (10-30 fb-1) may be expected for 2009/10. Analysis needs detailed understanding of detectors and backgrounds.
• Full LHC luminosity allows for discovery of very broad range of high-PT phenomena and measurements of new particle properties.
• LHC luminosity upgrade (SLHC) increases discovery reach by 20-30%, better precision for statistically limited processes.
• Energy upgrade (DLHC) has larger discovery reach but represents a significantly larger effort.
• New proposal submitted: supplement LHC by a 70 GeV e± storage ring to allow for ep collisions at s = 1.4 TeV (4x HERA) and L = 1033 cm-2 s-1 (20x HERA)
physics motivation: unique for eq resonances (Leptoquarks, squarks in RPV-SUSY,…) precise analysis of LQ quantum numbers would be possible over the full LHC discovery range
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
Examples of SLHC improvements
3000 fb-1 (5)
3000 fb-1 (95% CL)
Heavy SUSY Higgs:observable region increased by ~100 GeV.
Broad resonances in no-Higgs scenarios:
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
Summary on LHC + upgrades:
• First data set with excellent prospects for discoveries (10-30 fb-1) may be expected for 2009/10. Analysis needs detailed understanding of detectors and backgrounds.
• Full LHC luminosity allows for discovery of very broad range of high-PT phenomena and measurements of new particle properties.
• LHC luminosity upgrade (SLHC) increases discovery reach by 20-30%, better precision for statistically limited processes.
• Energy upgrade (DLHC) has larger discovery reach but represents a significantly larger effort.
• New proposal submitted: supplement LHC by a 70 GeV e± storage ring to allow for ep collisions at s = 1.4 TeV (4x HERA) and L = 1033 cm-2 s-1 (20x HERA)
physics motivation: unique for eq resonances (Leptoquarks, squarks in RPV-SUSY,…) precise analysis of LQ quantum numbers would be possible over the full LHC discovery range
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
The ILC physics case (K. Desch in Orsay)
0. Top quark at threshold
1. ‘Light’ Higgs (consistent with precision EW) verify the Higgs mechanism is at work in all elements
2. ‘Heavy’ Higgs (inconsistent with precision EW) verify the Higgs mechanism is at work in all elements find out why precision EW data are inconsistent
3. 1./2. + new states (SUSY, Extra Dimensions, little H, Z’, …) precise spectroscopy of the new states
precision measurements of couplings of Standard Model & new states properties of new particles above kinematic limit
4. No Higgs, no new states (inconsistent with precision EW) find out why precision EW data are inconsistent look for threshold effects of strong/delayed EWSB
Early LHC data likely to guide the direction choice of ILC options and upgrade to 1 TeV depends on LHC+ILC(500) results
LHC + ILC data analyzed together synergy
Accelerator and Detector R&D in Europe
CARE: Integrated Infrastructure Initiative supported by the European Commission (EC) withîn Framework Program FP6 (2004 – 2008) built around three network activities (8 institutes, including CERN & DESY): ELAN = Electron Linear Accelerator Network BENE = Beams in Europe for Neutrino Experiments HHH = High energy, High intensity Hadron beams
EUROTeV: European Design Study towards a Global TeV Linear Collider (28 institutes)
EUROTeV addresses some of the high ranking issues identified by the ILC Technical Review Committee → input to the ILC Conceptual Design Report (CDR) and thereafter the ILC Technical Design Report (TDR) Items: Beam delivery system, damping rings, diagnostics, metrology, …. Activities are expected to be complemented by studies in the US and in Japan
EUDET: Detector R&D towards the ILC (31 institutes + 20 associated institutes) 2006 - 2010 provides framework for ILC detector R&D with larger prototypes
Main items: Tracking (large TPC prototype, Silicon TPC readout, Silicon tracking) Calorimetry (scalable ECAL and HCAL prototypes, readout…)
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
Physics case for a 3-5 TeV e+e- CLIC
Viewpoint (i): Candidate machine for the ILC Viewpoint (ii): Natural upgrade path of ILC program if physics demands; Physics justification needs TeV-scale data
Physics highlights (ii):
1. Rare Higgs decays, e.g. H →
2. Improve on Higgs self coupling + extend mass range
3. More complete SUSY spectrum
4. Extending mass reach new resonances, scans
5. Study resonances of strong EWSB if within kinematic reach
Technology: significant R&D needed,…., Experimentation more difficult.
Roadmap (A. Cervera, Geneva Univ.)
1st step: transition era
• Improve the precision on the atm. parameters looking atImprove the precision on the atm. parameters looking at disappearance disappearance
• Confirm (atm. osc) = (Confirm (atm. osc) = ( →→ )) and first look atand first look at →→ ee
2 nd step: 13 era• Demonstrate visibility of sub-leading transitions:Demonstrate visibility of sub-leading transitions: →→ ee , , ee
→→ee
• Explore Explore 1313 down to 2 down to 200 (today <10 (today <1000))
• Existing facilities could reach itExisting facilities could reach it• … … but with very small sensitivity tobut with very small sensitivity to CPCP and mass hierarchy and mass hierarchy
Ongoing:Ongoing: 2005-2010 2005-2010
Approved/Proposed:Approved/Proposed: 2008-2015 2008-2015
To be prepared:To be prepared: 2015-2025 2015-2025
• No access for ongoing No access for ongoing experiments at that timeexperiments at that time
3 rd step: precision era
> 3 > 3 00 < 3 < 3 00Known by 2011
Cleaner and more intense beams + larger Cleaner and more intense beams + larger detectorsdetectors
The role of Europe (A. Cervera @ Orsay)
Double-ChoozDouble-Chooz (2008) (2008)•First dedicated attempt to First dedicated attempt to 1313
CERN to GS CERN to GS (2006)(2006)•OperaOpera
T2K T2K (2009)(2009)•Major contribution to near Major contribution to near
detectors detectors ND280ND280 (2009) and 2Km (2009) and 2Km (2011)(2011)
•120 people from 23 European 120 people from 23 European institutesinstitutes
•CERN recognised experimentCERN recognised experimentDetector and accelerator R&DDetector and accelerator R&D• Liquid Argon TPC (experience from ICARUS)Liquid Argon TPC (experience from ICARUS)• Silicon PMTsSilicon PMTs• BENE (= Beams for European Neutrino Experiments)BENE (= Beams for European Neutrino Experiments)• Accelerator: HARP, MERIT, MICE Accelerator: HARP, MERIT, MICE
Past experimentsPast experiments•NOMAD, CHORUS, Chooz, Gallex, MacroNOMAD, CHORUS, Chooz, Gallex, Macro
Options for a Precision Neutrino Facility: (i) Low-energy (sub-GeV to GeV) avenue: high intensity superbeam combined with a
beam and a megaton detector (water Cherenkov or Liquid Argon) (ii) High-energy avenue: Neutrino factory
Improved Super-beams (A. Cervera @ Orsay)
•Increase by one order of magnitude •beam power: ~4MW •detector mass
•Three proposals:
Memphys Memphys (Frejus)(Frejus)
60 m
T2HK (T2K-II) Japan 0.6 GeV 295 Km 1000 KT Water Cherenkov
SPL-Memphys Europe 0.25 GeV 130 Km 440 KT Water Cherenkov
NuMI-SuperNOvA US 2 GeV 890 Km 130 KT fully active calorimeter
Systematics unchanged•Beam contamination •Cross section •Detector efficiency
Hyper-Hyper-Kamiokande Kamiokande
(Japan)(Japan)
SuperNOvA SuperNOvA (US)(US)
Courtesy of Mats Lindroos
Beta-beam (A. Cervera @ Orsay)
Pure e or e beam small beam systematics and
backgrounds 189
1810
eνFNe e eLiHe e6
362
missing feasibility study
forfor highhighoptionoption
Ion production
AccelerationNeutrino source
CERN layoutCERN layout
ongoing R&D for ion production
EURISOLEURISOL design study
LHC ~1500 7 GeV 3000 Km 0.1 MT TC CERN-Canarias
Tevatron or S-SPS ~350 1.5 GeV 730 Km 1 MT W-Ch. CERN-GS/Canfranc
SPS (max energy) ~150 0.6 GeV 300 Km 1 MT W-Ch. ?
SPS ~100 0.35 GeV 130 Km 1 MT W-Ch. CERN-FrejusLow Low
High High
Per
form
ace
Per
form
ace
• Performance increases with beam energy if L/E is kept at oscillation max:
• Higher flux and cross section. Better energy binning (no Fermi motion)• Smaller systematics from cross section and detector efficiency
(Burget et al.)
New ideas:New ideas:• Monocromatic beam: Bernabeu et al.Monocromatic beam: Bernabeu et al.• Efficient ion production: C. Rubbia et Efficient ion production: C. Rubbia et
al.al.
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
•50% 50% e small beam systematics … but charge
required •High energy beam small cross section systematics•A wide variety of studies are possible:
•Challenging Ongoing R&D: MICE, HARP, MERIT MICE, HARP, MERIT
Neutrino factory (A. Cervera @ Orsay)
India
CERN layoutCERN layout
ee e
bronzegoldensilver
Atmospheric osc.
and also:
Insufficient Insufficient R&D:R&D:•Acceleration Acceleration •Global designGlobal design
unitarityCP violation
T, CPT
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
Summary: Main “wishes” of the European Community
• Strong support should be made available to make success of the present and near-future program.
• The Double-CHOOZ experiment should be strongly supported.
• The involvement of European neutrino physicists in the neutrino physics program abroad (e.g. T2K, NOA) should be supported in a way that would assure a viable and significant contribution.
• Europe should get ready to host a major neutrino facility for the precision era, or to play a major role in the preparation and construction of this facility should it be located elsewhere.
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
Other important experiments with a significant European contribution
• KATRIN in Karlsruhe / Germany (worldwide collaboration, Mainz, Troitzk, US,….)
Measurement of tritium decay endpoint → absolute value of mass Sensitivity: ~ 0.2 eV Start of data taking: 2008
• Experiments to search for neutrinoless double decay: GERDA (Gran Sasso, Ge) NEMO3 (Frejus, tracking+calorimetry, various isotopes) Gotthard (Xe-TPC)
Activities and Plans on Dark Matter Search
l
EDELWEISS: Modane Lab, Frejus Ge detectors, heat + ionization Phase I, 1 kg Phase II, 9 kg (up to 36 kg)
CRESST: Gran Sasso Lab. Light + phonon discrimination, works with different detector materials(CaWO4, PbWO4, BGO)
CRESST, EDELWEISSCDMS
CDMS-II, EDELWEISS-II, CRESST-IIXENON, XMASS - sensitivity goal
1-ton sensitivity goal
Future European 1-ton projects:EURECA: EDELWEISS + CRESST collaborations + CERN, ….
Multi target approach: Ge (phonon, ionization) CaWO4 (phonon, scintillation)
Detector R&D ongoing
ArDM, WARP: Use Liquid Argon as detector material, feasibility study ongoing
…. many proposals for detectors of that scale (US, Japan, Europe)…. calls for an international collaboration
Future : characterization of dark energy Space projects
SNAP: several thousand SNIaPopulation study (environment, spectral features …) to reduce intrinsic dispersion> 2015 (NASA : Beyond Einstein)
DUNE: Dark Universe Explorerweak shear analysisStatistics of grav. distortions dependon geometry of universe~ 2012 (French CNES) or ~ 2015 (ESA)
Dark energy modifies: expansion rate of the Universe supernovaegrowth rate of structures gravitational distortions
SNAP
Gravitationally distortedgalaxies
Dark Energy, Future plans in Europe ? (N. Palanque-Delabrouille @ Orsay)
Complementarity liquid argon vs. water Cherenkov
p e+ 0
(larger mass)p K+
(higher detection eff.)
p e+ 0
e+
UNO (Underground Nucleon decay and neutrino Observatory)Mine in US 440 kT
MEMPHYS (MEgaton Mass PHYSics)Fréjus 440 kT
HyperKJapan 550 kT
Liquid Argon TPCs (FLARE (US), GLACIER (Europe))? 100 kT
Proton decay experiments, future initiatives(N. Palanque-Delabrouille @ Orsay)
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
Manpower situation Manpower situation
in European Particle Physics in European Particle Physics
ECFA survey ECFA survey (released 13. April 2006)
ECFA survey of European Particle Physics (Apr. 2006)
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
ECFA survey (cont.)
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
ECFA survey (cont.) – a few examples-
Germany
France
The Netherlands
Finland
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
Results for 13
• If If 13 13 is not measured by ~2011, the probability to measure it with is not measured by ~2011, the probability to measure it with ongoing experiments would be very smallongoing experiments would be very small
• Building new facilities will take more than 5 yearsBuilding new facilities will take more than 5 years
100
Decision about 3Decision about 3rdrd step step Courtesy ofM. Mezzetto
50
30
20
90% CL
13 era: Reactors (A. Cervera @ Orsay)
•High rate High rate ee by inverse beta decayby inverse beta decay
•Unambiguous determination of Unambiguous determination of 13 13
•… … but cannot test mass hierarchy or CP but cannot test mass hierarchy or CP violationviolation
• Reduce systematic errors by a Reduce systematic errors by a factor 5 with two identical detectorsfactor 5 with two identical detectors
• Still pending for full fundingStill pending for full funding
Double-ChoozDouble-Chooz (2008)(2008)
• Europe: Double-ChoozEurope: Double-Chooz• Others sites: Brazil, Others sites: Brazil,
China, Japan, Russia, China, Japan, Russia, US, …US, …
Chooz site (France)Chooz site (France)• Agreement with EDF in 2005• Far site: ready for integration (2007)• Near site: 40 m shaft to build (2009)
CollaborationCollaboration • France, Germany, USA, Russia• Approved in France• LOI’s: hep-ex/0405032 & hep-ex/0410081• http://doublechooz.in2p3.fr
go down togo down to 1313~4-5~4-500
With With e e disappearancedisappearance
K. Jakobs P5 Meeting, SLAC, April 2006
Activities and Plans on Dark Matter Search
ScintillationIonization
Heat
DAMA
CRESST
ZEPLIN
EDELWEISS,CDMS
Ge
NaI
Liquid Xe
CaWO4
Detection principle: elastic scattering of WIPS on detector nuclei
1evt / kg / day
- Deep underground - Low radioactivity materials- Discrimination against radioactive background
Nuclear recoil (Wimp signal) versus electronic recoil (radioactive background)
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