kaplan turbine. jebba, nigeria *q = 376 m 3 /s *h = 27,6 m *p = 96 mw d 0 = 8,5 m d e = 7,1 m d i =...
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![Page 1: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Kaplan turbine
![Page 2: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Jebba, Nigeria
*Q = 376 m3/s*H = 27,6 m*P = 96 MW
D0 = 8,5 mDe = 7,1 mDi = 3,1 mB0 = 2,8 m
![Page 4: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Machicura, CHILE
*Q = 144 m3/s*H = 36,7 m*P = 48 MW
D0 = 7,2 mDe = 4,2 mDi = 1,9 mB0 = 1,3 m
![Page 5: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Outletdraft tube
Outletrunner
Inletrunner
Outletguide vane
Inletguide vane
![Page 6: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hyd
raul
ic e
ffic
ienc
y h
Flow rate Q
Runner blade angle = constant
Hydraulic efficiency
![Page 7: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Hill chart
![Page 9: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
c1
v1
u1
c2 v2
u2
Hg
cucu 2u21u1h
![Page 10: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Pressure distribution and torque
LiftLift
DragDrag
Torque
Arm
LL
DD
c
![Page 11: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
LChord
4
FLift
FDrag
v
AVCF
AVCF
DD
LL
2
2
2
1
2
1
![Page 12: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Blade profile data
L
D
C
C
Angle of attack
Angle of attackAngle of attack
Average relative Average relative velocityvelocity
v
![Page 13: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Pressure distribution and torque
Pressure side
Suction side
Cord length, l0,24 · l
Single profile
Cascade
The pressure at the outlet is lower for a cascade than for a single profile. The cavitation performance will therefore be reduced in a cascade.
![Page 14: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Radial distribution of the blade profile
CL =Lift coefficient for a cascade
CL1 =Lift coefficient for a single profile
The ratio t/l influences the lift coefficient in a cascade. The cord length for a blade will therefore increase when the radius becomes increase
![Page 15: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Radial distribution of the blade profile
![Page 16: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Flow in the axial plane
The figure shows blades with two different design of the blade in radial direction. This is because it will influence the secondary flow in the radial direction
![Page 17: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Main dimension of a Kaplan turbine
![Page 18: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
n
o Q
1 .5
C m l = 0 .1 2 + 0 .1 8 0
Cm
l
2 .00
0
0 .5
( tiln æ rm e t)
1 .0
2 .5 3 .0
m1
n
m1
22
n
c
4QD
c4
dDQ
Diameter of the runner
![Page 19: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Height of the guide vanesand runner diameter
0 .4
0 .3300 400
n s
B /D0
d /D
d/D
, B
/D0
500 700600 800 900
0 .5
0 .6
0 .7
45n
s H
Pnn
![Page 20: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Gap between hub and ring and the runner blades
Gap between the blade and hub
Gap between the blade and ring
S p a lte å p n in g x = 1 0 0 0 s /D
Vir
knin
gsgr
ad
00 .8 0
0 .8 5
0 .9 0
1
s = x 10 d- 3
2 3 4 5 6
Eff
icie
ncy
Gap
![Page 21: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Runaway speed
k a v itas jo n sk o eff is ien t
Rus
ning
stal
l/nor
mal
turt
all
Voit h
Cavitation coefficient
Run
away
spe
ed
H
H10 S
The figure shows different runaway speed at different runner blade openings. The runaway speed is dependent of the cavitation as shown in the figure
![Page 22: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Hill chart
![Page 23: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Example
P = 16,8 MWH = 16 mQn = 120 m3/sn = 125 rpm
• Find the dimensions D, d and Bo
• Given data:
![Page 24: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
93,178,674,0Qn
o
sm7,171682,92Hg2
srad1,13
60
2125
60
2n
1m74,0
sm7,17
srad1,13
Hg2
2
3
nm78,6
sm7,17
sm120
Hg2
Speed number:
![Page 25: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Diameter, D:
467,018,012,01 omc
mc
QD
m
n 3,4467,0
478,64
1
![Page 26: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Diameter, d:
59016
22826125
4545
m
Hprpm
H
Pnn
ns
0 .4
0 .3300 400
n s
B /D0
d /D
d/D
, B
/D0
500 700600 800 900
0 .5
0 .6
0 .7
m9,145,0Dd45,0D
d
![Page 27: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Height, B:
0 .4
0 .3300 400
n s
B /D0
d /D
d/D
, B
/D0
500 700600 800 900
0 .5
0 .6
0 .7
m76,141,0DB41,0D
BO
O
![Page 28: Kaplan turbine. Jebba, Nigeria *Q = 376 m 3 /s *H = 27,6 m *P = 96 MW D 0 = 8,5 m D e = 7,1 m D i = 3,1 m B 0 = 2,8 m](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649eb65503460f94bbf5d7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Number of vanes, z:
95,0t
l
5z
Num
ber
of b
lade
s z