kandlikar_2012_heat transfer and microchannels
TRANSCRIPT
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Heat Transfer in Nanochannels and
Microchannels: Roadmap 2012Status, Vision and Research Plan
Satish G. Kandlikar
Rochester Institute of Technology
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Overview of Presentation
ICNMM Conferences – Progress over 10 years
Current Status on Heat Transfer in Microchannels
Unresolved Issues Research Goals and Plan
Worksheet for developing a collective vision
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ASME – ICNMM Profile
1st ICMM, 2003 Rochester, NY
2nd ICMM, 2004 Rochester, NY3rd ICMM2005 Toronto, Canada
4th ICNMM2006 Limerick, Ireland
5th ICNMM, 2007 Puebla, Mexico
6th
ICNMM, 2008 Darmstadt, Germany7th ICNMM, 2009 Pohang, South Korea
8th ICNMM, 2010 Montreal, Canada
9th ICNMM, 2011 Edmonton, Canada
10
th
ICNMM, 2012 Puerto Rico, USA
A truly multidisciplinary international conferencededicated to fundamentals and applications ofnanoscale and microscale transport phenomena
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Renowned Plenary Speakers at ICNMM2011
David Tuckerman & R. Fabian W. Pease
Dongqing Li
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ICNMM11 Participation by Country
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ICNMM11 Papers by Topic Area
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Journal Publications/Special Issues
Heat Transfer Engineering – Afshin Ghajar
Int. J. Thermophysical Sciences – Yildiz Bayazitoglu
Journal of Heat Transfer – Terry Simon
Nanofluidics and Microfluidics – Dongqing Li
Nanoscale and Microscale Transport Phenomena –
Ken Goodson
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NSF Panel on Research Needs in
Microchannel Heat Transfer
Roger Fabian Pease and David Tuckerman –
Electronics Cooling and New Applications
Dongqing Li –
Heat Transfer Applications in Lab-on-Chips
Yoav Peles –
Enhancement through Mixing Techniques
Sushanta Mitra –
Mixing in Adiabatic Microfluidics
Satish Kandlikar –
Enhancement through Roughness
ICNMM2011 – Edmonton
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Highlights of ICNMM2011
Boiling Enhancement Nanorwires for enhancing flow boiling On copper microchannel
bottom surface, Chen Li, U. South Carolina
Nanoengineered wettability, Daniel Attinger – Iowa State U., Forefficient energy systems, Evelyn Wang, MIT
Microporous coatings for flow boiling and CHF enhancement inminichannels – S.M. You, UT Austin
Heat pipe using minichannels – Khandekar, IIT Kanpur, Bonjour,INSA – Lyon, Diana_Andra Borca-Tisciuc
Swirl flow – Hassan, Parachute shaped particles – FatemahHassanipour
Surface effects of boiling at microscale Kenning, UK Droplet evaporation and spreading with nanoparticles Matar,
Imperial College, UK
Flow boiling enhancement with very high flow rates(Kosar/Bergles, Turkey/USA)
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Highlights of ICNMM2011
Surface treatments Robust superhydrophobic coatings for digital microfluidics – Amirfazli, U. Alberta
Diffusion/Mass Transfer
Diffusion measurement using microscale experimental techniques – Mitra, U. Alberta
Microscopic freezing phenomena of small droplets in Fuel Cell application
Chikahisa, Japan
Microfluidics
Oxcillators in microchannels El-Genk, N.Mexico
Freezing of water droplets on surfaces Amirfazli, Alberta
Microcoolers using Joule-Thompson effect Takata, Japan
Gas Flow
Gas flow simulation – Colin (INSA-Toulouse, France, Duan Waterloo, Canada, Croce,Udine, Italy. Kamali, Shiraz U., Iran)
Application to modeling gas flow through filters, microfilter model, Schneider,
Waterloo
Roughness effects in gas flow (Faghri, RI, Ueno, Japan, Kandlikar RIT and Yang,
Taiwan)
Gas flow inmicrotubes (Morini, Italy, Kandlikar, RIT and Yang, Taiwan) Molecular film for pressure measurement in gas flow, (Matsuda/Nimi Japan) 10
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Highlights of ICNMM2011
Single Phase Enhancement Enhancement geometries suggested in literature analyzed
numerically, grooves in microchannels Analyzeed geometriesrecommended by Kandlikar and Grande (2005) Abouli, Iran, V-grooves Cui, China
Single-phase enhancement with flow modifications Peles, RPI, US Nanofluids Wang, Hong Kong
Application
Production of hydrogen by chemical reaction in a mini-channel
Kuznetsov (Novosibirsck) Small scale refrigerators, (Barbosa, Brazil)
Thermoelectric coolers and power generators Hendricks, Pacific Northwest Lab
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Effect of surface structure on flow boiling in
microchannels – Karayiannis and Kenning
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STATUS SNAPSHOT –
ELECTRONICS COOLING
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Early Pioneers
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Dr. Robert W. Keyes
1921-2010
Prof. A. Louis London
1913-2008
Prof. James B. Angell
1924-2006
MEMS pioneer. Coined the
term micromachine in 1978.
Co-developed first “lab on a
chip” (a gas chromatograph).
IBM Physicist,
IEEE Fellow.
Studied physical limits
in electronic systems
Courtesy –
Prof. R. F. W. PeaseStanford University
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Courtesy –
Prof. R. F. W. PeaseStanford University
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ICM Microchannel Liquid Cooler
Offset strip fin arrangement, Colgan et al. (2005)
500 m fin length, 50 m channel width, Flow Length – 2mm
Average h in excess of 500,000 W/m2
C (Steinke and Kandlikar, 2005)16
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STATUS SNAPSHOT –
APPLICATIONS
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Microchannel Based UHT Milk PasteurizerOur new design is a ‘2- port’ HX with integral heating
◦ applies thermal energy to a liquid, then recaptures heat in adjacent channel
◦ Local balance inherently superior to global balance in 4-port HX (i.e., higher HXeffectiveness) due to elimination of flow maldistributions
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Courtesy –
Dr. David TuckermanIntellectual Ventures ©
No reproduction or distribution
without express written
permission of IntellectualVentures ©
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Publications: 1991-2011
Single-Phase Liquid and Gas Flow
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1st ICMM
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Microchannel single-phase flow timeline
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Single-Phase Liquid Flow: Unresolved Issues
Enhancement Techniques
◦ Colgan et al. (2005) developed a microcooler
removing a heat flux of 800 W/cm2 and a heat
transfer coefficient of >500,000 W/m2 C.
◦ Complex header arrangement and high pressuregradient limit its usage across other applications.
Need to develop new enhancement techniques
that excel in heat transfer performance andprovide a simpler header configuration with
lower pressure gradients.
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Single-Phase Gas Flow in microchannels:
Largely unexplored topic for enhanced heat transfer
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Microchannel flow boiling timeline
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Publications: 1993-2011
Microchannel Flow Boiling
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1st ICMM
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Heat transfer in flow boiling affected by instabilities
Hetsroni et al. (2003) – absence of flow oscillations and instabilities in
adiabatic air-water two-phase flows
Steinke and Kandlikar (2004), Instabilities lead to deterioration in h
Water 1 atm., parallel microchannels,
Significant Deterioration in Heat Transfer
during Flow Boiling in Microchannels
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Single-phase liquid flow in microcoolers removes~ 1 kW/cm2 heat flux with water.
Current flow boiling systems are limited to ~ 100
W/cm2 with significantly lower performancecompared to single-phase systems.
Need to develop stable, high performance flow
boiling systems to excel single-phasemicrochannel cooling systems.
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Flow Boiling: Unresolved Issue
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Research Needs/Opportunities
Unresolved Issues in Microchannel Fundamentals◦ Single phase enhancement techniques offering low pressure
drop penalties
◦ Nano-Micro and Micro-Macro hierarchical transport processes
◦
Stable, high performance during flow boiling in microchannels New Microscale Devices and Products
◦ nano-micro integrated devices, micro-HX, miniaturizedrefrigeration, biological and novel applications, electrokineticflow based systems, micro-reactors,
Integration with Macroscale Systems
◦ Aerospace recuperators, nuclear reactor primary/secondaryloops, industrial HX (evaporators/condensers)
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Microchannel Technology Roadmap
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Microchannel Technology Roadmap - Worksheet
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ASME
HTD / FED/ ICNMM 2012
JULY 8 – 12
PUERTO RICO, USA
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See You There
Thank You!