KABADDI

INTRODUCTION-

Kabaddi in Hindi means holding of Breath. Modern Kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in various forms under different names throughout South Asia. Buddhiya Kabaddi is one such ancient sport which has its origin in Magadh region and is still a popular sport among the rural youth. It was probably invented to ward off the group attacks. History reveals that princes played to display their strength and win their brides. The game has many popular local versions. Salle-Maan-Chi is a popular chant for the raiders in the game and the game therefore is also locally popular by name “CHI”.

Skill required

Running, Quickness, Observation

HISTORY-

About the game

The game consists of two teams the Raider and the Defender with 9 players each in the field. There are two circular posts called “castle” and “outpost” at the opposite ends inside the bigger oval field. Dimensions of the ground are fixed on mutual agreement. Raiders are occupants of the caste and the outpost while the Defenders occupy the outfield. The raiders have 8 players in the castle and one Buddhiya trapped in the outpost. The defender/raider that is “OUT” shall be sent off the field. Raiders’ objective is to facilitate escape of the Buddhiya trapped at the outpost; they do this by raiding the defenders and “OUT” them. A player can also get “OUT” by going over a boundary line or part of the body touches the ground outside the boundary.Defenders are spread in the field preventing escape of the Buddhiya. The raiders win if the Buddhiya successfully joins them at castle

without being touched by the defenders. Defenders win if they prevent the escape of the Buddhiya in the stipulated time or they touch the Buddhiya while she is on her escape run towards the castle. The match has two half of 20 minutes and the raider in 1st half becomes defender in the 2nd half. The match revolves around the Buddhiya the Buddhiya has to escape from the outpost for castle in the stipulated time. In the respective “half” if the Buddhiya is successful or unsuccessful in her escape from outpost to the castle the “half” is complete. The team winning the toss shall choose to either raid or defend in the first half.

Kabaddi (sometimes written Kabbadi or Kabadi) is a team sport that originated in South Asia. Two teams occupy opposite halves of a field and take turns sending a "raider" into the other half, in order to win points by tagging or wrestling members of the opposing team; the raider then tries to return to his own half, holding his breath during the whole raid.

Origin

The origin of Kabaddi can be traced to pre-historic times when man learned how to defend in groups against animals or attack weaker animals individually or in groups for survival and food. Though Kabaddi is primarily an South Asian game, it is originated from Punjab (Indian Province). There is, however, concrete evidence that the game is 4,000 years old.[citation needed] Another theory states that the sport is actually inspired by the way Abhimanyu tried to break the Kaurava formation (Chakravyuha) but failed.

There is a popular belief that Kabaddi originated in the South Indian State of Tamil Nadu. A folk history of the game tells that it developed from a game of tag between two young boys - the rule of holding one's breath being added later.

The game is known by many names, all of Tamil origin: Kabaddi, Sadugudu, Gudugudu, Palinjadugudu and Sadugoodatthi. The word 'Kabaddi' could have originated from the Tamil words 'kai' (hand) and 'pidi' (catch).

Federations

The Kabaddi Federation of India (KFI) was founded in 1950, and it compiled a standard set of rules. The Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI) was founded in 1973 . The AKFI has given new shape to the rules and it has also the rights of modification in the rules. The Asian Kabaddi Federation was founded under the chairmanship of Sharad Pawar.

Kabaddi is a very popular game in Bangladesh, especially in the villages it is also called the 'game of rural Bengal'. In some areas Kabaddi is also known as Ha-du-du. But despite its popularity Ha-du-du had no definite rules and it used to be played with different rules in different areas. Ha-du-du was given the name Kabaddi and the status of National Game of Bangladesh in 1972 .

Bangladesh Amateur Kabaddi Federation was formed in 1973 . It framed rules and regulations for the game. Bangladesh first played a Kabaddi test in 1974 with a visiting Indian team, which played test matches with the district teams of Dhaka, Tangail, Dinajpur, Jessore, Faridpur and Comilla . In 1978, the Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation was formed at a conference of delegates from Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan in the Indian town of Villai .

In 1979, a return test between Bangladesh and India was held at different places of India including Mumbai, Hyderabad, and Punjab. The Asian Kabaddi Championship was successfully arranged in 1980 and India emerged as the champion and Bangladesh as the runners-up. Bangladesh became runners-up again in 1985 in Asian Kabaddi Championship held in Jaipur, India. The other teams included in the tournament were Nepal, Malaysia and Japan. Kabaddi was played as a demonstration sport at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. The game was included for the first time in Asian Games held in Beijing in 1990. Eight countries took part including India, China, Japan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh. India won the gold medal and has since won gold at the following three Asian Games in Hiroshima in 1994, Bangkok in 1998 and Busan in 2002.

Kabaddi is popular throughout South Asia, and has also spread to Southeast Asia, Japan and Iran. It is the national game of Bangladesh where it is known as হা�ডু�ডু� Haḍuḍu. It is the state game of Punjab, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra in India. It is played by the British Army for fun, to keep fit and as an enticement to recruit soldiers from the British Asian community.

Game Play-

In the team, or transnational, style of kabaddi, two teams of seven members each occupy opposite halves of a field of 12.5m × 10m (roughly half the size of a basketball court). Each has five supplementary players held in reserve. The game is in 20-minute halves, with a five-minute half-time break during which the teams switch sides.

Teams take turns sending a "raider" to the opposite team's half, where the goal is to tag or wrestle ("confine") members of the opposite team before returning to the home half. Tagged members are "out" and sent off the field.

Meanwhile, defenders must form a chain, for example, by linking hands; if the chain is broken, a member of the defending team is sent off. The goal of the defenders is to stop the raider returning to the home side before taking a breath. If the raider takes a breath before returning, the raider is sent off the field.

A player can also get out by going over a boundary line or part of the body touches the ground outside the boundary, except during a struggle with an opposing team member.

Each time a player is out the opposing team earns a point. A team scores a bonus of two points, called a lona, if the entire opposing team is declared out. At the end of the game, the team with the most points wins.

Matches are staged on age and weight. Six officials supervise a match: one referee, two umpires, a scorer and two assistant scorers.

RULES & REGULATIONS

1 Team:Each team shall consist of 7 Players and one offi cial. 5 Players shall take theground at a time and the remaining 2 Reserves shall be substitutes.

2 Duration of the match:The duration of the time of the match shall be two halves of 15 minutes in caseof Men, Women, Junior Boys and Junior Girls with a 5 Minutes interval.Note: The last raid of each half of the match shall be al lowed to be completed even after completion of the sched uled time as mentioned above.3 System of Play.The out and revival rule shall not be applicable. Only points scored shall becounted.4 Productive Raid:Every raid shall be productive either by scoring point/points/ technical point/self out/raider being caught. Even in case an anti or antis becomes self out, theraid shall be considered to be over and the raider’s side shall be awarded apoint. If the raider returns safely without scoring or productive raid to his court,the opponent team will be awarded a point. If a raid is more than 30 seconds,the opponent team shall be awarded a point.5 Time Out:a Each team shall be allowed to take “Two Time Outs” of 30 seconds each in eachhalf; such time out shall be called for by the Captain or Coach of the team withthe permission of referee. The time out time will be added to match time.b During the time out the teams shall not leave the ground, any violation in this;a technical point shall be awarded to the opponent team.c Offi cial time out can be called for by the Referee / Umpire in the event of anyinjury to a player, interruption by outsiders, relining of the ground or any suchunforeseen circumstances. Such time out time will be added to the match time.6 Substitution:

a Two Reserve players can be substituted with the permission of Referee duringtime out or interval.b Substituted players can be re-substituted.c If any player is suspended or disqualifi ed from the match, no substitution is allowedfor that particular player. The team will play with less number of players.7 Result:The team which scores the highest number of points at the end of the matchshall be declared the winner.

8 Tie in Knock Out:If there is a tie in the knock out matches, the match will be decided on thefolloing basis:i Both the teams should fi eld 5 players in the Courtii Both the teams should give the names of the 3 different raiders with their ChestNumbers as per their order of raid to the referee. Substitution of players shallnot be allowed from the fi elded 5 players.iii Each team shall be given 3 raids by different raiders to raid alternately.iv In case any raider in the given list of 3 raiders is injured before his chance ofraid, in such case one of the remaining 2 players in the fi elded 5 can do theraid.v The side which raids fi rst at the beginning of the match shall be allowed to raid first.vi Even after 3 Raids if there is a tie, the game shall be decided as per the “GoldenRaid” Rule.

N.B: If player/players are suspended temporarily or disqualifi ed during the tiebreaker, the team will play with less number of players.

Golden Raid Rule:• Even after 3-3 raids, if there is a tie, a fresh toss will be taken and the team thatwins the toss shall have the chance to raid i.e. “GOLDEN RAID”.• If there is tie even after the Golden Raid, then a chance will be given to the opponentteam for the Golden Raid.• In the Golden Raid the team which scores the leading point shall be declared asWinner.

9 League System:In the League System the team that wins the match will score two league points andthe looser will score zero point. In case of Tie both the sides will score one leaguepoint each.

Tie in league points:If there is a tie in the league points scored in the league system, the winner and runnerof the pool will be decided on the basis of “For and Against Points” scored by usingthe following formula:a The team which scores less than 25% of the league points will not be consideredfor the “For and Against Points” formula.b To decide the tie, the “For and Against Points” of the concerned teams against the teams which scored 25% or more of the league points will be considered andthe difference calculatedc The team which is scoring highest score difference of “For and Against” will bedeclared pool winner.d Even after considering “For and Against Points”, if there is a tie, the total points“SCORED FOR” only shall be counted.e Even after this if there is a tie, the result of the match played between the teamsis to be considered.f Even after this if there is a tie, the highest number of points scored without applying25% rule shall be considered.g Even after this if there is a tie, the Winner and Runner will be decided on toss.Note: Walkover is given to the opponent team by the referee due to late reporting,non-reporting or due to any other technical issues of the defaulting team. Such teamwill be scratched from the competition and the score of such teams shall not be consideredto decide the tie. The same rule shall be applicable to teams which concedethe match also.10 If owing to failure of light or any other unforeseen circumstances, a match couldnot be completed in the same session; such a match shall be replayed in the nextsession.11 In case of temporary suspension of the match, such match shall be continuedwith the same score and remaining time in the same session. During the temporary

suspension the players shall not leave their respective courts without thepermission of the Referee. If a team violates this rule a technical point will beawarded to the opponent team.12 Nails of the players must be closely clipped and no ornaments of any sort shallbe allowed.13 All players must have distinct numbers on their T-shirt of at least 4 Inches thicknessin front and 6 inches thickness at the back. The team should follow the dresscode compulsorily.14 Application of oils or any other soft substances to the body shall not be allowed.15 Shoes are compulsory to all the players on the clay surface.

Forms of Kabaddi

Amar

In the 'Amar' form of Kabaddi, whenever any player is touched (out), he does not go out of the court, but stays inside, and one point is awarded to the team that touched him. This game is also played on a time basis, i.e the time is fixed. This form of kabaddi is played in Punjab, Canada, England, New Zealand, USA, Pakistan and Australia. In the Amar form of Kabaddi, each team consists of 5-6 stoppers and 4-5 raiders. At one time, only 4 stoppers are allowed to play on the field. Every time a stopper stops the raider from going back to his starting point, that stoppers team gets 1 point. on the other hand, every time the raider tags one of the stoppers and returns to his starting point, his team gets one point. At one time, only one of the stoppers can try to stop the raider. If more than one touch the raider, an automatic point is awarded to the raider's team. If the stopper is pushed out by the raider or vice versa, then the team whose member is still in the field gets a point. If both the raider and the stopper go out, the result is a common point, where nobody gets a point. The Amar form of kabaddi is also used by the World Kabaddi Federation (WKF) in its National, Beach and Circle Kabaddi competitions.

Surjeevani

'Surjeevani' Kabaddi is played under the Kabaddi Federation of India, governed by its rules. In Surjeevani Kabaddi, one player is revived against one player of the opposite team who is out, one out, one in. The duration, the number of players, dimensions of the court, etc. have been fixed by the Kabaddi Federation of India. This form of Kabaddi is the closest to the present game. In this form of Kabaddi, players are put out and revived and the game lasts 40 minutes with a 5-minute break in between. There are nine players on each side. The team that puts out all the players on the opponent's side scores four extra points for a 'Iona'. The winning team is the one that scores most points after 40 minutes. The field is bigger in this form of Kabaddi and the 'cant' different in various regions. Modern Kabaddi resembles this form of Kabaddi especially with regard to 'out & revival system' and 'Iona'. The present form of Kabaddi is a synthesis of all these forms with changes in the rules.

Gaminee

This is played with nine players on either side, in a field of no specific measurements. The characteristic is that a player put out has to remain out until all his team members are out. The team that is successful in putting out all the players of the opponent's side secures a point. This is akin to the present system of 'Iona'. After all the players are put out, the team is revived and the game continues. The game continues until five or seven 'Iona' are secured. The game has no fixed time. The main disadvantage of this form of Kabaddi is that the player Is not in position to give his best performance since he is likely to remain out for the better part of the match until an Iona is scored.

HISTORY-

The game, known as Hu-Tu-Tu in Western India, Ha-Do-Do in Eastern India and Bangladesh, Chedugudu in Southern India and Kaunbada in Northern India, has changed through the ages. Modem Kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in various forms under different names.[2]

A dramatized version of the Mahabharata[clarification needed] has made an analogy of the game to a tight situation faced by a character called "Abhimaneu", heir of the Pandava kings, when surrounded by the enemy. Buddhist literature speaks of the Gautam Buddha playing Kabaddi.[citation needed]

Kabaddi received international exposure during the 1936 Berlin Olympics, demonstrated by Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal, Amaravati, Maharashtra. The game was introduced in the Indian Olympic Games at Calcutta in 1938. In 1950 the All India Kabaddi Federation came into existence and compiled standard rules. The Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI) was founded in 1973. After formation of the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India, the first men's nationals were held in Madras (re-named Chennai), while the women's were in Calcutta in 1955.The AKFI has given new shape to the rules and has the right to modify them. The Asian Kabaddi Federation was founded under the chairmanship of Mr. Janardan Singh Gehlot.

Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation is now headed By Mr. Janardan Singh Gehlot as President and Mr. Muhammad Sarwar as Secretary General.

Kabaddi was introduced and popularized in Japan in 1979. The Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation sent Prof. Sundar Ram of India to tour Japan for two months to introduce the game.

In 1979, a return test between Bangladesh and India was held at different places of India including Mumbai, Hyderabad, and Punjab. The Asian Kabaddi Championship was arranged in 1980 and India emerged as champion and Bangladesh runner-up. Bangladesh became runner-up again in 1985 in the Asian Kabaddi Championship held in Jaipur, India. The other teams in the tournament were Nepal, Malaysia and Japan. The game was included for the first time in the Asian Games in Beijing in 1990. India, China, Japan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka,

Pakistan and Bangladesh took part. India won the gold medal and has won gold at the following three Asian Games in Hiroshima in 1994, Bangkok in 1998 and Busan in 2002. India won the gold medal in the 2006 Asian Games at Doha.

Attempts to popularize kabaddi in Great Britain saw British TV network Channel 4 commission a programme dedicated to the sport. The show, Kabaddi, on Channel 4 in the early 1990s, failed to capture viewers despite fixtures such as West Bengal Police versus the Punjab. Kabaddi was axed in 1992, but not before its presenter Krishnan Guru-Murthy suffered a collapsed lung while participating in the sport.[4]

In the 1998 Asian games the Indian Kabaddi team defeated Pakistan in a thrilling final match at Bangkok (Thailand). The chief coach of the team was former kabaddi player and coach Flt. Lt. S P Singh.

The first World Kabaddi Championship was held in Hamilton, Canada, when 14,000 people at the Copps Coliseum watched top players from India, Pakistan, Canada, England and the United States. The next edition was in Surrey, British Columbia, which hosts the first all-kabaddi stadium.[5][6] India has remained world champion since it was included in Asian Games and South Asian Federation games. In 2008 Sukhbir Singh Badal mooted a professional world kabbadi league with sponsorship to attract the best players; this league will be based in India with tournaments in Canada as well. The current Kabaddi Championship team consists of several local Indian players, Himanshu Batta, Ravi Venkataya, Harman Dhaliwal, Kapil Singh and Mayank Gauri.[7]

Kabaddi is now a very popular game and is a regular sport in Asian Games, Asian Indoor Games and Asian Beach Games apart from SAF Games. Kabaddi will be a demonstration sport during Commonwealth Games 2010 at New Delhi.[8]

One of the many greats of the game of Kabaddi is one Grant Owens, a 3 time Kabaddi World Champion (Twice with England, Once with the Outer Hebrides). One of the skills that makes Owens such a great player, is his low centre of gravity and his rumoured 7 litre lung capacity.

FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS-

Holding breath

Raid

Dodging

Movement of hand and foot

Formation

Safe Raid

Holding

Kick

Side Kick

Front Kick

Round Kick

Sitting Kick

Offensive Skills

Starting a Raid

Body Position during Raid

Movements during Raid

Penetration

Touching with the hand

Vertical swing of arms

Horizontal swing of arms

Defensive Skills

Wrist catch or Lock

Crocodile Hold

Over the shoulder catch

Ankle catch and lock

Taunting

PLAY FIELD-

Play Field: The play field means that portion of the ground which measures11 metres by 7 metres (ABCD) for Men & Junior Boys and 10 meters by 6 metresfor Women, Junior Girls before struggle.

Play Field Measurements:

a. Men & Junior Boys: 11 x 9 Metres divided into two equal halves by amid line (as shown in the diagram).

b. Women & Junior Girls: 10 x 8 Metres.

Boundary: The lines on the four sides of the play fi eld are known as the

boundaries (AB, BC, CD, and DA). All lines shall be 3 to 5 cms. width and formthe part of the play field.

• Width of all the lines shall be minimum 3 cms to maximum 5 Cms.

• It is necessary to have 3 Metres clear space outside the boundaries

• There shall be no Baulk line and Bonus line in National Club GamesKabaddi.

AWARDS-

The Dhyanchand Award instituted by the government of India to encourage players from different games. The 2007 Dhyanchand Award is given to Shamsher Singh for Kabbadi .

VENUE-

Int'l Canada/ America kabaddi cup 05 dedicated to late Amarjit Singh( ambi) Hathur date : 18th Dec Venue : Guru Nanak Stadium Ludhiana Sports : Kabaddi & Athletics Prizes: First 1 lakh - second 75 000 ( Gurdas Maan singing live throughout the day)

Indo Canadian Sports Mela 06 ( by Malwa Heritage foundation Bathinda) Date: 8 th January Venue: Bathinda Sports Stadium Sports: Kabaddi & other Prizes : first 1 lakh second - 75 000

Kalgidhar Int'l Tournament ( Kamalpura) dates : 28,29,30,31 Jan venue: Kamalpura stadium sports : Kabaddi , Soccer, hockey, Volleyball Prize : 1 lakh

Jharkhand sports tournament (organised by Mata Sahib kaur sports club) ( Mini Punjab olympics) dates: 3, 4, 5 Feb venue: Jharkhand ( Ludhiana) sports : Kabaddi,soccer, Basketball,wrestling, handball, volleyball, athletics prize : unknown

Shahid Baba Deep Singh Kabaddi cup ( Kapurthala ) date: 24th Feb venue: Kapurthala Stadium sports : Kabaddi Int'l teams prize : first - 1,6000 second 1,2500

FAMOUS KABADDI PERSONALITY-

                          S. Talwinder Singh "Sonu"         S.Balwinder Singh "Fiddu"                  A famous Kabaddi player               Arjuna Award Winner Kabaddi player