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K EY E VENTS IN I NTERNATIONAL S YSTEM D EVELOPMENT Slide 2 K EY E VENTS The Beginning 18 th & 19 th Centuries 20 th & 21 st Centuries Slide 3 T HE B EGINNING Why is this building, the Friedensaal, significant to international relations? Slide 4 T REATY OF W ESTPHALIA Signed in 1648- ended the 30 Years War Slide 5 T REATY OF W ESTPHALIA -1648 3 things came out of the Treaty: Sovereignty States System Slide 6 M ULTIPOLAR S YSTEM OF E UROPE Power Pole Growing Power Pole Power Pole Power Pole 4+ Power Poles = Multipolar System Growing Power Slide 7 18 TH & 19 TH C ENTURIES Slide 8 E VOLUTION OF P OPULAR S OVEREIGNTY Raison dtat (Requirements of the State) Divine Right of Kings Challenges to raison dtat Popular sovereignty American, French Revolutions http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/07/13/156722719/let-them-eat-kale-vegetarians-and-the-french-revolution http://dm-fa.org/academic/gerome2.html#11 Slide 9 E UROPEAN D OMINATION Scientific & Technological Advances Naval Technology Guns & Gunpowder Industrial Revolution Need to expand Colonialism & Imperialism What are these? Berlin Conference (1884-85) Where? https://sites.google.com/a/online.sd71.bc.ca/human-rights-morgan-rachel-rylee/the-industrial-revolution Slide 10 T HE A MERICAS Slide 11 A FRICA Britain France Germany Italy Belgium Portugal Slide 12 A SIA Britain Netherlands France U.S. Japan Russia Slide 13 T HE S UN N EVER S ETS Slide 14 20 TH & 21 ST C ENTURIES Slide 15 WWI Treaty of Versailles War Reparations League of Nations Empires end Ottoman Austro-Hungarian http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Gap_in_the_Bridge.gif Among the terms of the Versailles Treaty were: Surrender of all German colonies Return disputed territories to France, Belgium, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, and Poland German reparations of 6,600 million (~ US 10.7 B) An acceptance of Germany's guilt in causing the war Limit army and navy troop sizes No tanks, no heavy artillery, no poison-gas supplies, no aircraft, no airships, naval vessels under 100,000 tons, no submarines Germany signed the Versailles Treaty under protest. The US Congress refused to ratify the treaty. Excerpt from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWversailles.htmhttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWversailles.htm Slide 16 O TTOMAN E MPIRE FROM 1807-1924 When the war started, the Ottoman Empire included: All of Albania, Armenia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Macedonia, Malta, Romania, Slovenia, Syria, Turkey Large parts of Egypt, Iraq, Libya Slide 17 A USTRO -H UNGARIAN E MPIRE 18671918 All of Austria, Hungary, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Parts of Romania, Poland, Germany, Italy, Ukraine Slide 18 P OST - WWI Rise of Communist Russia Bolshevik Revolution Rise of German nationalism Either Death to Capitalism or Death by Capitalism Slide 19 P OST - WWI The Great Depression Munich Conference Sudetenland Appeasement Policy Rising Soviet Union Neville Chamberlain appeasing Hitler, 1938 Slide 20 WWII European Theater of Operations Pacific Theater of Operations Slide 21 P OST - WWII Bretton Woods Conference -1944 Intl Monetary Fund (IMF) Financial stability World Bank (WB) Development Slide 22 U NITED N ATIONS (1945) Purpose Transnational issues Self-determination US/SU push Decolonization Slide 23 UN S TRUCTURE UN General Assembly Secretary General UN Security Council 5 + 10 = 15 Saudi says no http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-24580767 Slide 24 Slide 25 Slide 26 US V. SU= B IPOLAR S YSTEM Growing Power Growing Power Superpower Pole Growing Power 2 Power Poles = Bipolar System Superpower Pole Growing Power Slide 27 C OLD W AR E RA U.S. Containment Korea, Vietnam Cuban Missile Crisis - 1962 Nixon goes to China - 1972 Globalization begins Berlin Wall is torn down - 1989 Eastern Bloc follows Fall of the Soviet Union - 1991 Back to multipolar system NATO Slide 28 S OVIET E MPIRE 15 C OUNTRIES Slide 29 P OST -CW E RA AND NATO Why is the Baltic situation compared to the Sudetenland? Native-speaking Russians Estonia = 25% Latvia = 27% Lithuania = 6% - but Kaliningrad factor Fear annex by Russia to protect local population Russia Ukraine (Crimea annex) Latvian Russians support annexation (2 in 3) Poland also concerned Want EU, NATO to do more Tougher sanctions Need alternative gas supply Slide 30 21 ST C ENTURY E CONOMY Economic division GN-many colonizers GS- almost all colonized European Union - 1992 Expansion- 28 members Expansion Adoption of euro - 1999euro 19 members Global recession - 2008 Eurocrisis - 2010 World Trade Organization (WTO) - 1995 Free trade Slide 31 21 ST C ENTURY S ECURITY 9/11 - 2001 War on Terror Afghanistan (2001), Iraq (2003) North Korea Concerns http://www.americanprogress.org/cartoon/2007/08/20/12264/the-war-on-terror-an-update/ Slide 32 21 ST C ENTURY S ECURITY Arab SpringArab Spring - 2011 Syria About conflict Assad regime http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring Slide 33 21 ST C ENTURY S ECURITY Jihadism- struggle Islamic extremists al-Qaeda, Hezbollah, Hamas al-Shabab- Somalia Boko Haram- Nigeria, bordering states Against Western education Islamic State (IS) Iraq, Syria, Libya http://www.bbc.com/news/world-29063111 Slide 34 21 ST C ENTURY S ECURITY Ukraine Crimea annexed Eastern revolt Ebola epidemic http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/distribution-map.html Slide 35 21 ST C ENTURY S ECURITY U.S. Cuban embargo http://www.the-japan-news.com/news/article/0001214320 http://www.polkdems.com/2014/12/obama-opens-cuba-world/ Slide 36 21 ST C ENTURY S ECURITY U.N. sanctions against Iran https://iran2407.wordpress.com/author/iranuclear/page/13/ Slide 37 K EY E VENTS R ECAP The Beginning Treaty of Westphalia 18 th & 19 th Centuries Shift in sovereignty Technological advances Colonization 20 th & 21 st Centuries World wars, Cold War Post-Cold War events