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SUSTAINABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS.

AN OVERVIEW

Arlindo Gonalves

BACKGROUND

Expanding global population

Increased social needs forimproved quality of life.

Higher demand of rawmaterials and naturalresources and increase ofGHG emissions

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Increased pressure on the environment

ICDS12 International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTDefinition:

meeting the needs of the present generation withoutcompromising the ability of future generations to meettheir own needs (Brundtland Commission, 1987)

ability of a system to be maintained for the present and future generations (EN 15643-2010)

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an enduring, balanced approach to economic activity, environmental responsibility and social progress(BS 8905-2011)

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Dimensions:

Environmental

Social

Economic

Satisfaction of socialand equity needs

Establish fairvalue across the

global value chain

Ability of theenvironment

to withstand loads

Sustainability was firstly addressed from anenvironmental perspective, being this issue themost well established.

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SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION

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>Construction sector plays an important role in

economy.

>Building construction industry:

Consumes 40% of the materials entering the global

economy;

Generates 4050% of the global output of GHG

emissions;

Produces about 1/3 of the world waste.

Sustainability is relevant for construction sector!

>Existing materials

Correct choice and application

Improving the production technologies

Recycling

>New materials

More sustainable over the 3 dimensions

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MATERIALS


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7SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSTRUCTIONCEMENT

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>Apply a stringent control of execution

>Provide a maintenance plan

>Implement new solutions:

Energy efficiency

Adaptability

Good indoor air quality

Design for disassembly

Use of materials easily recycled.

BUILDINGS


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9SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT

>Assessment based on a life cycle approach

BASIS

A balanced solution is required

Cheaper products at factory gate could

have high maintenance or waste

management costs in the medium term.

Technological products with very high

production costs may never be recovered

along service life.

After a product leaves the factory, the life cycle assessment requires the establishment of reliable

scenarios (application, utilization, end-use).

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and potentialenvironmental impact of a product system throughout its life cycle

Overall aim of the study. Limits of the assessment defining what is and what

is not included.

Collecting data regarding energy and mass. Refining or redefining system boundaries.

Selecting relevant impact categories. Assigning results from LCI to impact

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Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and potentialenvironmental impact of a product system throughout its life cycle

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Studyoutcome

Analyze results against the

goal.


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>The goal of the assessment shall be clearly defined:

Comparison of alternative solutions

Equate the result against a established target value

>The system boundary shall be identified

Life cycle stages that are included

Inputs and outputs to be considered

GOAL AND SCOPE


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>To compare solutions they must fulfill the same

requirements

GOAL AND SCOPE

For products, a Functional Unit

is used to quantify their

performance characteristics.

EXAMPLE: The total amount of binder per m3 concretenecessary to deliver 1MPa of strength and 1 year of service life

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>To compare solutions qualified data are required

Reliable (based on measurement)

Complete (to level normal fluctuations over time and sites)

Temporal correlated (less than 3 years old)

Geographical correlated (area under study)

Technological correlated (data from the factory)

LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY


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SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT

>Data scatter on cement production

LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY

>Generic data - Databases

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SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENTLIFE CYCLE INVENTORY

Ecoinvent

www.ecoinvent.ch

BRE

www.bre.co.uk

Inies

www.inies.fr

ELCD

http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/datasetArea.vm


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>Environmental impacts

Impact category - e.g. global warming, ozone deplection

>Resource use

Parameter - e.g. use of non-renewable primary energy resources

>Waste categories

Parameter - e.g. hazardous waste disposed

>Output flowsParameter e.g. materials for recycling

LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Selecting relevant impact categories or parameters

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>Calculations

For each indicator the total impact is

calculated

Results interpretation usually requires

a value judgment

LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT


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>Comparison between hydrophobic treatment andpatch repairFunctional unit - 1 m2 of repaired or protected concretesurface for a period of 10 years.

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Use preventive maintenance before reaching astage where patch repairs may be advised

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT Life cycle impact assessment

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>Calculations

Value judgment is out of the scope of existing standards

If a single sustainable result is foreseen, a weight is to

be given to each indicator

Different schemes for assessing sustainability of

products and buildings were developed

Life cycle impact assessment


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SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENTDifferent schemes give different results

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>Harmonization for sustainability

assessment was felt as need!


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EUROPEAN STANDARDSCEN/TC 350 (2005)

Standards for sustainability of construction works.

>International standards and European policies were

taken into account :

ISO standards from TC59/SC 17 and TC 207

oSustainability in buildings and civil engineering works

oEnvironmental management

Construction Products Regulation

oBR3 Hygiene, health and environment

oBR7 Sustainable use of natural resources

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EUROPEAN STANDARDS


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EUROPEAN STANDARDSFRAMEWORK LEVEL

EN 15643-1 Sustainability of construction works - Sustainability

assessment of buildings - Part 1: General framework.

EN 15643-2 Sustainability of construction works Assessment of

buildings Part 2: Framework for the assessment of environmental performance.


buildings Part 3: Framework for the assessment of social performance.


buildings Part 4: Framework for the assessment of economic performance.

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EUROPEAN STANDARDSBUILDING LEVEL

EN 15978

Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of environmental performance of buildings - Calculation method.

pr EN 16309

Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of social performance of buildings Methods.

WI 017

Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of economic performance of buildings Methods.


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EUROPEAN STANDARDSPRODUCT LEVEL

EN 15804

Sustainability of construction works Environmental product declarations Core rules for the product category of construction products.

CEN TR 15941

Sustainability of construction works Environmental product declarations Methodology for selection and use of generic data.

EN 15942

Sustainability of construction works Environmental product declarations Communication format business-to-business.

>Environmental Product Declaration, EPD, is a

brief document whose objective is to sum up

the environmental profile of a finished product

under a specified format.

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ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION

EN 15804


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Productstage(A1A3)

A1Rawmaterialssupply

A2Transport A3Manufacturing

Constructionstage

(A4A5) A4Transport A5Constructioninstallationprocess

Usestage(B1B7)

B1UseB2MaintenanceB3RepairB4ReplacementB5RefurbishmentB6OperationalenergyuseB7Operationalwateruse

Endoflifestage(C1C4)

C1Deconstruction C2Transport C3Wasteprocessing

C4Disposal

Benefitsandloadsbeyond

systemboundary(D)

ReusepotentialRecoverypotentialRecyclingpotential

BUIDINGLIFECYCLEINFORMATION

EPDcradle togateEPDcradle togatewtith optionsEPDcradle tograve

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>The EPD according to the new European standard does not include social neither economic aspects and impacts, these components are only addressed at the building level.

>EPD based on BS 8905 regarding the sustainable use of materials seeks to attain environmental, social and economic contributions.

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>Social impacts (BS 8905)

employment and labor conditions;

pollution prevention and abatement;

community health;

safety and security.

>Economic impacts (BS 8905)

Potential revenue

Effects on local, regional and international economy

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FINAL REMARKS

>Standards developed by CEN TC 350 allow a morecomplete and harmonized approach tosustainability information related to constructionproducts.

>Following RCP publication and ISO Guide 82 (stillfor approval) it is expected that product standardswill require producers to make the EnvironmentalProduct Declarations (EPD)

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FINAL REMARKS

>The social and economic dimensions are stillunder development

>The evaluation part of the assessment (weighingof indicators) is still a pending issue and adrawback for harmonization

>Anyway, different weights should be accepted ona regional or local basis

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Thank You

for

Your Attention

[email protected]


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k 7 agoncalves

Documents

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lnec icds12sustainability

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recoveredalong service

product system

social progressbs

ability of future generations

system boundaries