jwkb portfolio

J W K Bwww.JWKB.tumblr.com

This portfolio contains the design work of:JOSHUA W K BURNS

BSc Architecture (2010-present)

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British Museum Roof - Foster & Partners, London. Oil on Canvas,

ART & DESIGN A-LEVEL

Date: 2008 - 10Tutor: Mr Hodgson, County Upper School.

During my A-levels I explored the Human condition in the first year which looked at how people act in society and the restraints which govern our behavioural appear-ances through photo realism. This was conveyed in a series of films and portraits. The second year of art, I decided to look at realism in architecture and the exagerated landscaape. This led to a series of large oil paintings muchly influenced by artist Carla Klein.

Front: Telephone Box on the M1. Oil on Canvas, 180 x 95cm

Left: 1- Oil on Canvas, 62 x 79cm. 2/3/4 - pencil in sketch book.

Lorry driving under a sign. Oil on Canvas, 95 x 180cm

A-Level sketch book work exploring artist Carla Klein.

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BSc Architecture - Year 1

(Left) - Assemblage Project, Bird Hide model made from wood.(right) - School Project, Section Perspective and plans for a infants school in Llandaff.

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Date: Autumn 2010Tutor: Sam Clark, Welsh School of Architecture

The First project undertaken in the first year design studio at the Welsh School of Architecture was to create a bird hide or fishing hut situated at the end of a pier. This was to be modelled only with wood. My idea tried to show how the people watching in the hide were themselves, in a metaphoric bird cage. As you were to walk down the pier, you would be able to see the other people inside the cage, yet on the waters edge, visibil-ity to the inside is limited as to not scare the birds.

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Light Study

Date: Spring 2011Tutor: Shankaru Raj, Welsh School of Architecture

Infant School

The spring term of first year in architecture saw the designing of a small school for infants in Llandaff, in Cardiff. It was situated on a strip between a residential area and castle ruins. The idea of this design was to create an interier street, alongside the surface of the wall, in which parents and children can eas-ily access the different rooms, and outside areas.

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SECOND YEAR - HOUSE SCAPES

STATE CHANGE

Date: Autumn 2011Tutor: Chris Loyn, Welsh School of Architecture

Having looked at the different properties of water, our group decided that water in the state of Ice is the most interesting characteristic to explore. It can form many dif-ferent shapes and structures governed by the molecular structure of ice itself, and the immediate surroundings when the ice is formed. Examples are Icicles, snowflakes, ice stalagmites amongst other formations. Through ex-ploring the various structures formed as ice, we found that the most intriguing concept is that of the medium between state-change, and the consequences of this. We were able to represent this as 3D models in 3DS Max, and then through section drawings from the models. The den-sity of the particles in the models can be controlled by a ratio that creates a more or less dense physical model.

Location: Cardiff, Wales, UK.

Initial group Site Plan and Site Section.

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Concept Diagram showing how density change can be applied to the site in terms of permanent and semi-perma-nent fixtures.

3D Ice Formations derived via varying equations. Using 3DS MAX.

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The site is located between the river Taff, the Stadium and the Train Station. It is an ideal area for residents who wish to have an ease of access to local facilities and public buildings. The Victorian Water tower located on the site used to hydrate steam engine trains on the railway line, and is grade two list-ed. Previously there used to be offices and an old bus station on the site, which were demolished in 2005. Years ago, the river Taff would have been used as transport to carry the coal to and from the bay. It still has the potential to be used for boats, and the site is on an excellent location for a small dock. I have also noticed that the site sits on a cycle/pedestrian route which runs through the city centre and past the Millennium Sta-dium. This is an ideal area in which to link the routes together and open up a forgotten cycle route. It also gets the best of the sun during the majority of the day as there is little but the railway line blocking the sun in the south. It can be said that the site would be able to achieve high thermal gains on a clear day. I think the site is also of importance as it connects the urban city centre to the sub-urban residential area on the west of the Taff. Here, there is also a regular market that appears once a week selling fresh farmed goods. This could be incorporated into the design somehow.

PollutionNoise Polution

Funabashi Apartments are located in Chiba, Tokyo. The building is located on a small urban site and has been built to the maximum size permitted. Contain-ing 16 apartments over three floors and a built area of just 243.04m2 results in small, compartmentalized rooms so that the occupant can't organise pos-sessions and not spend the entire time in the same space. Nishizawa aimed to diminish hierarchy amongst rooms so that each room could have uses beyond the usual interpretation. For example, he envisaged dwellers growing plants

Precedent Study.Funabashi Apartments,Ryue Nishizawa,Chiba, Tokyo, Japan.F

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or listening to music un the bathroom. I think the main concept that I took from this precedent study was the idea of entering your apartment through a semi-private space, e.g. a courtyard. By entering your apartment through a courtyard, you have created a zone that enables the use of multiple people yet is more secure than a street. This is exemplified in plan on the circula-tion drawing, that shows the dispersion of people as they enter the building, then into their shared courtyards, and then into their own apartments. I also appreciated the way in which SANAA have varied the window sizes in order to allow maximum light into each room.

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YEAR II - DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

I decided to explore the relationship of the inside living area and the outside 'living room'. Here I have shown a view from an apartment in the Housing project look-ing out towards Cardiff Bay. I have tried to respond to the site by including a marsh-land, mud and reeds in the centre of the terrace as a suggestion of wales. It is also an urban environment, and is represented through a concrete wall/roof that appears to be floating above plates of glass. The scene will weather and adapt over time as can be seen through the stains on the concrete.

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FINAL HOUSING DESIGN

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The housing apartments were based on the idea of a central cycling street passing through the complex, with semi-private courtyards shared between every three apartments. Further still, each apartment has it s own roof terrace or outside living area . In this way, I tried to incorporate outside living as much as possible into the design even in such a central and urban context. Instead of scraping the origional car park located on the site, I decided to incorporate a large electric refueling car park sunken one metre from ground level. With an extra 1.8m above ground level, the housing really felt as if it were seperate from the city, and the bike route through al-lowed for a ramp and stairs on each end of the street, which added to the landscaping of the public areas.

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Year II Housing Project.Section Perspective and

digital model.

COURTYARD COMPLEX SECTION PERSPECTIVE

I created this perspective in order to show how each space is divided in sec-tion. The central courtyard of the three apartments has room for a tree, a pond and even storage for bikes. The tree is able to grow because earth runs all the way through the car park. This also helped to shape the car park so that it is not just one large open space. The entrance to the courtyard can be seen where there is a cyclist entering. This is located under an arch which signifies a natural threshold between the cycle street and the courtyards, without the need for a gate or door. You can also see the cycle ramp and stairs, that lead to the elevated street, in the site plan and in the renderings on the right. It creates an urban road run-ning through the apartments and is open to the public. One of the main ideas of the design was to re-connect the essence of wales into the heart of Cardiff. To me this includes bring nature and boggy marshes into the design. I have included this aspect inside the courtyards as rainwater from each apartment will collect into the cen-tral ponds, and also in the digital render it is possible to see the potential marsh that can be constructed on the private terraces.

Site Plan

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PERSPECTIVE RENDERS

My Final design consists of a group of housing units, each with shared courtyards for semi-private space, and a street running through the centre of the project to accommodate for pedestrian traffic including cyclists. The ground floor of the housing development is raised 2m so that enough room can be made for a car park un-derneath. Access to the street comes from two large ramps, with a very low gradient, on either end of the site. In this way, cyclists are able to take an easy route avoid-ing heavy traffic from the main road. As you walk or cy-cle down the street, you would see archways on either side that lead into the courtyards. This idea has been taken from the town-planning of Cambridge, as a simi-lar effect happens as you walk down the main streets.

The renders opposite show the change in level with the use of the ramps and steps. They also show how the housing units as a massing appear from eye level, as if you were walking through the street. From an aerial view, the design looks like a miniature city in it-self, one that could almost be compared to a shanty town. This is of course intentional, as the project is meant to have a very personal feel, so that the scale of the housing can relate to the people that live there.

I am pleased with the outcome of this project, and have found the

work

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FIGURE GROUND PROJECTMANIFESTO

Date: Spring 2012Tutor: Colin Rose, Haworth Tompkins +

Welsh Shool of Architecture.

I am interested in the social role associ-ated to architecture and how this can provide a base for collective behaviour of people. In particular, I believe with the use of a constructivist ethos, the re-generation of Rhyl and in particular the Honeyclub site, will enable an interac-tive relationship between residents, and seasonal visitors. For example there could be communal spaces whereby a capitalist system is broken down to provide a service that is fair to its users. In this way, people can use services that in turn give back to the community, or can be used without the necessity of finance (e.g. to be able to listen to music outside an auditorium or to be able to use a community space for free). Strate-gizing the system will involve the use of different architectural techniques. I am interested in Layering and constructiv-ism.

The topic of layering promotes multiple thresholds on different scales. Similar to the different layers in a waterproof jacket, this can be applied directly to the different layers of a facade, or applying multiple layers of rooms to create a se-quence of thresholds. Temporal layering could be applied just as Carlo Scarpa has with the facade of Castelvecchio in Verona. Here, he distinguished from the old by imposing an orthogonal geometry

and by use of material. Temporal Layer-ing could also be understood through activities that take place, such as having two ticket desks, one for the day and one for the night. In this way, social interaction can be mapped and even influenced through design.

By thinking of the special arrangement of the design through architectural prom-enade, I can imagine the experience to consist of multiple thresholds that give numerous views. Also through Topol-ogy, there is a story to the circulation of space that is not wholly functional. This can be seen in gimmicky buildings such as the Epcot Centre in Disney World. Rhyl already has a fun fair characteristic which should be embraced as a good thing, and implemented into architec-tural design along the promenade.

The material layering of the design should consist of glass, steel and ce-ment, but also to explore Hemp and Lime construction for non-structural barriers. Here, Walls can intersect and separate to create interior and exterior spaces. With the use of these materials and the idea of layering, I want to per-meate the building to different certain-ties of translucency. Also, with concrete, I can define what becomes heavy and what becomes light. In this way, I have the idea of articulating the buildings silhouette to compare with that of the surrounding residential buildings.

Initial Sketch of possible performance centre.Rhyl, Denbighshire, North Wales, U.K.

Manifesto Collage manipulating the facade of the site building and Narkomfin Building by Moisei Ginzburg (a constructivist exemplar).

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1: 500 Section

SECTION FROM TRAIN STATION TO THE BEACH LOOKING EAST

Adding public furniture.Generating the wind to generate energy.Capturing the view of the sea.Re-landscaping the promenade so that the beach is moreconnected to the town, and the coast is more comfortableto walk along (shelters).Re-use of the empty buildings furthering the urbanre-generation project and the connection to the sea.

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used to be a frieght station for cargo, so needs a long platform

1800-1850s.

holiday goerscommuters

now mostly northern people travel to here

taxi/bus meeting pointpublic building.

advertisements on the frontssome flats above are boarded up

Bee Hotel closed down, no longer in business, boarded with artistic panels

Huge opportunity, prime location, on the corner straight opposite the train station.

mix of new and old windows

open 7 days a week early 1900’s?

butchers/market stallcross over area, used as a shortcut from bodfor street to water street.centre of townfocal pointrecently regeneratedpublic square and toilets

homes above the shops

glazed frontage shop sign pulled down

old-granny look

metal grilled windowsclosed down, no longer in business

business looks good, quite busy. yellow brick public building

stands out on the street, doesn’t fit into the terraced house theme looks like a it could have previously been a churchmetal guards on windows, which are more noticeable here because of the classic architecture

dead zoneforgottenopportunity for flytippingsomeones back garden

business closed, possibly for a while business shut

for the dayred brick

late victorian style?

building wraps around into the side streetcharacter present on water street and cresent road

material pallette seems to effect the surroundingmetal fencing on some of the windows.

abandoned entertainment build-

ing

cream canvas

opportunity for graffiti but none at the moment

looks like a polstyrene massing model.

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SECTION FROM TRAIN STATION TO THE BEACH LOOKING WEST SECTION ACROSS THE PROMENADE LOOKING INTO THE CITY

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SECTION ACROSS THE PROMENADE LOOKING OUT TO THE SEA

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Soft landscape area with benches made out of blocks of tree trunks

Older demographic

Warmer weather (Late Spring and Summer) as opposed to the colder months.

Cold & Windy

Feelings

Due to the strong wind from the sea, the sand from the beach gets blown into the faces of pedestri-ans.Lack of wind buffers prevent people from using this space

Problems

A nice outdoor area for children to run around and people to relax and enjoy the sea viewOpportunities

What?

Who?

When?

A play area with several playground activities for children

Families and children

Used seasonally. In the warmer months it is utilised day and night. Not used much in colder weather.

Unoccupied. Well Kept. Odd. Cold

The issue of the strong wind from the sea prevents more people from using this space as it is quite cold and not sheltered.

Good space for children to run around and have fun.

A mini golf facility that looks abandoned

People of all ages

Used seasonally.

Abandoned. Small.Not well maintained.

The problem of strong winds and the rain discourages people from going to the mini golf course.

A more fun and productive play area com-pared to the arcades on the

opposite side of the prom-enade

A small open-aired amphitheatre

People of all agesPeople doing road shows

Could be used all year round.

Nice feel of architectural spaceThe pictorial timeline of Rhyl’s history is interesting.

The steps should be deeper to allow the option for people to sit on them as a bench.

A nice area for little plays and smallconcerts.

Swimming Pool, Changing Rooms, Water Play area

People of all ages

Used Seasonally (Open April-September)

FunLively

Wall blocks the viewMimicry of the sea feels con-trived

Landmark

Ramps for skate boards, scooters and bicycles

ChildrenTeenagers

All year

FunLively

Used as a drink-ing spot at night

Could be made bigger and secu-rity improved for at night.

¼ full car park space

Tower not in use

Car Park: parking for cinema goersTower: Not in use

All year

Large areaUnconnected

Wall blocks the view to the seaThe tower is abandoned

Puncturing the wall to explore views out to the seaCreating a public plazaThe tower to be utilized in other ways (ie:advertising, etc)

People of all ages

All year

NewModernLively on weekends & holidays

Begins to block the view to the sea.

Plaza Extension

1: 500 Section 1: 500 Section

Warm detailed hand sketching Cold, shaking hand sketching.

White Rose Shopping Centre: indoor clothing stores, restaurants and cafes. brick masonry building with glass shop front

Mainly locals

0900-1700

Stand-offish, Not a very attractive

Overlooks, noisy road

Retail opportunities for community, employment

Gala Bingo, B+M Bargains, unused upper storeys

Locals

2000-2300, 0900-1700

Not a very pleasant façade

Run down, shabby

Unused upper storeys – development opportunites

Arcade, take-away restaurant, bar, market, unused upper storeys

Tourists, locals

0900-2100, all year

Dated, antisocial

Encourages individual gaming, spending money is necessary – may not be suitable for young people without income, relies heavily on tourism.

Unused upper storeys – develop-ment, arcade – attract more tourists

Corner Café

Locals

0900-1900, new one year old building

Lively

View to beach and sea is blocked

Attracts young families, large windows would make use of view if accessible

Honey Clubabandoned building, large floor area, 3 floors, art nouveau style facade, used to be night/pole-dancing club,

Over 18s – curfew for young people at 2100, cannot go around in groups > 3

2100 -

Upsetting – next to bur

View to beach blocked by Apollo cinema ned down building

Arcades

Tourists, locals locals

DaytimeNightime not allowed in groups of 3

SEA FRONT TO SHOP FRONTOpen to tourists (the focus) and residence.Only groups of three allowed at the Promenade after 21:00.Dogs are not allowed on the beach during summer.

Cold and wet.Very windy.Picturesque.Some feeling of shelter.Large open and grey car parks.

It is exposed to the strong wind.Area is dottedby litter.Some suspicious behaviour on the beach after hours.Empty public toilet building which is a waste of space.Potential Flood area

Many abandoned retail units and residential units.Nogreen space, no public space.`Lack of treatment on the façade makes it look bat-tered and derelict.

Standard opening hours.

Improving facades.More greenery and public spaces.Converting the old hotel buildings into retail units and more substantialresidential dwellings (attracting higher income families).

Quiet, not much thoroughfare.Uninviting/ run down facades.

SHOPS AND FLATS

Tourists, shoppers, residents

CHURCH AND PUBLIC SQUARE

Some use by residence and tourists.

LoiteringDisorderLitter

Potentialfor higher end independent shops.More public space dedicated to greenery.Popular attraction market stall.Could be a grander feature as it classifies as ‘centre of town’

FEELINGA nice open space (rare in the area).Community feel,connects the surrounding area and the people using it.A nice place to stop,green and relatively peaceful.

More use on weekends when there is a market

SHOPS AND RAIL STATION

Open and public,

Poorly maintainedfacades.Several abandoned units.

9-5

Cheap property,availableto developPossibility of proper-tyrefurbishmentto accommodatehigher income families.

RHYLCommunity Interventions: Urban Regeneration

1: 500 Section



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1800-1850s.












old-granny look











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cream canvas



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Feelings


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People of all ages


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Landmark


ChildrenTeenagers

All year

FunLively




Tower not in use


All year




People of all ages

All year



Plaza Extension




Mainly locals

0900-1700





Locals

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Run down, shabby



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Dated, antisocial



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Used seasonally.












People of all ages


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Landmark


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All year

FunLively




Tower not in use


All year




People of all ages

All year



Plaza Extension




Mainly locals

0900-1700





Locals

2000-2300, 0900-1700


Run down, shabby



Tourists, locals

0900-2100, all year

Dated, antisocial



Corner Café

Locals


Lively





2100 -



Arcades










SHOPS AND FLATS









Open and public,


9-5



The figure ground project was sited in Rhyl, North Wales between the town centre and the sea front. I had decided to demolish the existing derilict building located on the site in order to give way to a fresh contemporary building breaking the regularity of the seafront facades. Our site study shown in the image above tells the story of the facades of the neighbouring buildings in Rhyl, and helped later to influence the design of the performance centre. Since this project is heavily aimed at regeneration of a dwindelling community, I felt it was best to intorduce a multidisciplinary facility to accomodate various functions. In this way the people of Rhyl can gather at this centre for entertainment, educational classes, eating and private func-tions. It would hopefully also give a reason for people to use the seafront more during the winter months.

Zaha hadid - Cardi� Opera HouseMain Object inside a Service of Objects

Layering StrategyCarlo Scarpa - Museum

Epcot CentreFantasy, Gimicky but also impressive.

Munster Stadtheater (Theatre)Di�erent ways to use a theatre space

Casa de Musica - OMA

Sound re�ections for an opera hall.

Diagonal Seating means the user gets an arm rest.

Material pallete

Concrete

Steel Structure

Steel pannelled Facade

Steel Pattern

Munster Stadtheater (Theatre)Ceiling �xture

Precedents

Showing the layering strategy and con-structivist ideals. Zaha Hadid’s draw-ing of the theatre embeds the complex-ity in layers from back stage to circula-tion stairs. I would like to layer the facade with a translucent element that might be panels of steel mesh.

20

The performance centre is split into three sections: Main Hall, Restaurants/Cafe s and Community rooms/studios. Each facility caters for the different needs of the general public and employ-ees. For instance the hall is accessed from the lower ground floor upwards,

meaning that the public have to gather beneath the courtyard first in order to access the hall. Directly beneath the hall is the indiviual changing rooms and prop/docking bay which has immedi-ate access to the lifts. The studios for rehearsals can be found on the ground

floor north of the main entrance, mean-ing that dancers and musicians have to cross the underground lobby benath the courtyard and purposefully pass the general public. One of the main features to the design was to incorporate an outside stage for people in the courtyard

enjoy. This was accomplished by opening the rear of the stage to the courtyard with an adjustable facade. The msin influence of this design came from Zaha Hadid s unbuilt design for Cardiff s Millenium Stadium where she made the main hall sepereate from the other service building. I have

Lower Ground Floor Second Floor

19

21 22

New Art Museum, SANAA

Expanded Metal Mesh Facade

One of the main features of the design was to include an expanded metal mesh facde so that people can see out in a certain direction from the window, but not in the other direction. Similarly, people on the outside can only see in at certain angles. The metal facade is also reflective creating a inspring sight when the sun is reflected in the morning or evening light.

2324

Perspective view from above as to how the

performance centre will fit into its context.

SECTIONS + DIAGRAMS

The centre can be seen to be split into the surrounding building and the main hall, connected via a lobby lowered my two metres underground. The main hall is mostly open space seen in section compared to the surround-ing building that clearly has three floors.

The diagrams on the right show the circulation routes to access the court-yard from the streets, and the green space which makes up the courtyard. This is useful as it helps to understand how well connected the building is to all directions, in order to make it easier for the people of Rhyl to acces the facility or simply pass through it.

STUDENT ASSOCIATION AT THE WELSH SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

Date: Autumn 2011 - Spring 2012

During my second year at the WSA, I took responsibil-ity of the architecture society as president organising numerous events and functions, in particular the highly regarded Lecture Series. I had decided on the title ‘Open Lecture Series: Alternatives in Architecture nd successfuly saw 12 external lecturers participate throughout 2011/12 including the Sterling Prize winning architect Paul Williams from Stanton Williams. These are some examples of posters that I created for the lecture series.

25 26

Cellular Layout

Divided O�ces

Ground Floor - 1:100

Web Design Company - 1:100

Architecture Technology 3 Group 17 - Sarah Lionetti, Josh Burns, Juan Gurrea

Open Plan Floor

Senior Partner’s O�ce

Marketing and Accountant’s O�ce

Partner’s O�ce 1 & 2, O�ce Manager’s O�ce and Project leader

Secretaries and Reception

Meeting Rooms (15 + 8 People)

Kitchenette

Technical Library

Rentable Floor Area

Core Facilities

Circulation Spaces

Core Outline

Typical Floorplan - 1:200

Floor Slab Layout - 1:200

Site Plan

Introduction

Having collated design ideas for e�cient work spaces in o�ces, we progressed on our layout with the aid of structural and ergonomic design. Firstly, the plan has been derived from our main concept of peripheral work stations combined with internal temporary meeting rooms and ‘dead’ spaces. In this way the occupants of the o�ce are able to work under natural daylight whilst using the inner facilities only when necessary. This system of work stations – temporal facilities – work stations, created a natural circulation route through to either end of the building. Another major element to our design was the structural grid. By using a grid based on the spanning of beams and slabs, we were able to master a coherent layout that corresponded to the working environment that initiated the design.

By focusing our entrance and our main stair-well at the front centre of the building, we were able to provide a clear entrance that also acts as a protected corridor for �re safety. Here, there is a generous reception on the ground �oor followed by individual optional receptions on the respective storeys. The arrangement of space on the Web Design Company storey shows that the major o�ces and reception/waiting area are located on the west wing of the o�ce whereas the main open plan working environment is in the east wing. This allows each cellular o�ce to its own privacy and natural daylight,with respective secretaries situated outside. The centre of this arrangement is not wasted to circulation but occupied by the �ow of visitors and the technical library.

The other side to the o�ce is connected with a short open corridor where the workstations are in open plan. The glass meeting room in the centre is the only divide. This open plan design shows the di�erence in hierarchy from the other o�ces whilst an increase in desks means added productiv-ity. The main stairwell between the east and west wing provides a template for a possible divided storey with entrances and toilets placed on either side of the core. This enables the use of only half a storey in the event a prospective company wishes to occupy less rented space.

In conclusion, with a Net Floor Area of 78.8%, there is a rentable area of 431 metres squared per storey. With these design elements taken into consid-eration, we have enabled not only a �re-safe and structurally sound o�ce plan but a basis on which increased productivity and pro�tability are ultimately achieved (Structural monetary implications are discussed on the separate poster).

Gross Internal Area: 547m^2

Core (+Circulation): 111m^2

Rentable Area: 431m^2

Net Floor Area: 78.8%

12501299

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1250910

Escape Distance and Stairwells The diagram shows that there are 18m or less from each corner of the occupied �oor, required by stairs that are not seperated by 45 degrees. This also shows where the stair cases are located and the entrances to the protected corridors.

Architecture Technology 3 Group 17 - Sarah Lionetti, Josh Burns, Juan Gurrea

Rear Stairs - Escape Deatil

Main Stair - Escape Deatils

Emergency Exit Emergency

Exit

Ground Floor - Main Emergency Exit Detail

Ground Floor - Rear Emergency Exit Detail

Emergency Exit

Emergency Exit

Escape Route Angular Displacement

This diagram shows the sngular displacement between the two parti-tioned stair-wells from a point on the o�ce �oor. In order for the escape route to be increased to 45m on the �oor, there would have to be a seperation of at least 45 degrees between the two exits. We designed out this feature as our stair cases are purposefully located in the centre of the building. Therefore we are limited to an 18m escape routes from any given point.

Ceiling Plan - Duct and Lighting - 1:200

The fully air conditioned system for the o�ce building has been designed according to the volume of area surviced by the pipes, rather than on the number of people in the space. As �exibility is one of the greatest added values to the building, sizing and placing the pipes according to the volume of air and the predisposed grid allows the system to be able to function e�ciently regardless of the internal division of the space and intensity of use. The ventilation pipes, for both supply and return, have been sized as follows, starting by considering the smallest standard unit of space in the grid:

The overall plan and volume of a single storey can be subdivided is 4.8m by 4.8m units of space, either separated by partitions or part of an open plan. the ceiling height is averaged to 3m. The volume of this standard unit has been calculated to be 69.12 m^3.

In some instances the secondary brunches will have to service two units of space and theerefore their complessive calculated volume is 138.24 m^3.

An o�ce space fully air conditioned need at least 4 airchanges per hour to satisfy the need for fresh air and maintein a healthy and comfortable enrivenment. Therefore, the volume of air that needs to be moved through the o�ce in an hour equals to 276.48 (m^3)/h. Consecutively, in a second the amount of air that needs to be supplied and returned from the space is 0.0768 (m^3)/s.

The maximum speed for the air travelling through the pipe is then selected according to the type of pipe and its position on plan. In this example the supply ends in a di�user in the o�ce space and therefore the speed of the air is 1.7 m/s. This implies a cross sectional area of the pipe of 0.045m^2.

The dimensions of the pipes are calculated following a ration of 2:1 between length and height of the pipe to ensure an e�cient use of the ceiling space. To conclude, the dimensions of a di�user for supply or return of air are 0.3m by 0.15m, allowing to service a standard unit of space considered.

3m

4.8m

4.8m

4.8m

4.8m

Volume x 4 = Required Supply per hour

69.12 x 4 = 276.48 (m^3)/h

Required Supply per second

276.48 : 3600 = 0.0768 (m^3)/s

Air supply per second : maximum speed of air = cross sectional area of pipe

0.0768 (m^3)/s : 1.7 m/s = 0.045 m^2

Ratio of 2:1 implies that L=2h of pipe

Cross sectional area A = L x h =2 x (L^2)

L= sqr(2 x 0.045) = 0.3 m

h= 0.3 x 2 = 0.15

Duct Plan - 1:200

Lighting Plan - 1:200

Open Space Lighting Analysis

The lighting analysis of the open space �oor in the Web Design Company shows that mostly light is able to reach su�ciently into the centre of the storey. Small volumes of the circulation space will be over shadowed by obstructions. However this is a relatively small area in comparison to the majority of the open foor.

Ducting, Lighting and Fire Safety

Architecture Technology - Year 3Date: Autumn 2012Tutor: Jacob Hotz, Welsh School of Architecture.

2728

Red sky -(Sheperds delight?)

Big Star - The communist Party

WorkersPeasents

UrbanBourgeoise

National Capitalists

People’s Republic of China

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

An EnglishmanA Scotishman+ An Irishman.

(A Welshman?)

The Monument

Temporary Instillations in the square - auspicious but ephemeral symbolic repre-sentation of holiday season. These are ‘soft monuments’.

Two types of Monument:- Hard - Architectonic monuments in classi-cal tradition, constructed from concrete elements. ‘grand narrative of theoretical causality’

- Soft - Immaterial with representations of momentary instantaneous expression. ‘petty narrative of practical opportunity’. Visual culture since 1990’s - water jet’s hidden under pavement only come to life on National Day celebrations. Fireworks, Laser projectors - these are contemporary monu-mentality

Wrapping monuments in Tiananmen square with sca�olding leaves a feeling of the ordinary. Disrupting the order of a carefully constructed political environment.

‘THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT RESUMES EXERCISE OF SOVER-EIGNTY OVER HONG KONG’

- Tiananmen Square is recognised as the origin of public time, with an absolute authority.- Tourist attraction - Everyone taking photos on a particular day shared the same digits- Little aesthetic appeal, not momumnetal! - Concept of political time and space. Represented on the face of the museum of chinese history, between traditional and post revolutionary (1840).- Clock is the �rst long-term (temporary) structure added to the square in almost 20 years. - Negative count down to Hong Kong’s return symbolizes the conclusion of the revolution

PROPOGANDA

- The use of political images enforce an illusional authority over its people. By portraying a progres-sive government of the people to the public is a conscious e�ort to symbolise revolution and the communist regime and most importantly their absolute authority.- In contrast, propoganda of the western world, and now also in china, can be compared to the imense amount of advertising from consumerism.

Forensic Architecture

Refers to an analytical method for recon-structing scenes of violence as they are inscribed within spatial artefacts and envi-ronments.

Inscribing events of Tiananmen protests of 1989. The protestors used White �ags and signs to represent their goals. This is an act of peace in comparison to the governments use of an oppresive red colour.

Prototype Architec-ture An object and design that is temporal in it’s nature. An architecture of it’s own, in purpose and in practice. Designed as a medium to permanency - A ‘Soft Monu-ment’.

FLAG A SYMBOLIC STATEMENT IN STITCHES

THE FLAG AS A DRAWING, A MAP, A SYMBOL, AN ACTION, AN EVENT.

I created this experimental piece of embroidery as a means to explore the e�ect of representing ideas through sewing. The act of sewing allows an understanding to be embedded with an element of randomness. This action follows a natural direction that in turn can re�ect the patterns of human behaviour in society as well as in the hand. Here a obscure representation of China is sewn onto a white cloth, giving a sense of movement. A �ux of people moving about a space, or a spacial diagram of territory?

LONDON

SPACIAL PLANNING IN-DIRECT POLITICS

Examples from Uk, US and Chinese Govern-ment Parliaments can be clearly identi�ed by their spacial arrangements. Also the capacity of occupancy boasts one govern-ment from another. The two opposites are the UK and Chinese situations where China has over 2,500 members and the UK only 650. Also, the positioning of seating is crucial in identifying the porlitacl stance of the government. China is authoritive in it’s one direction seating and the UK is demo-cratic with seats in opposition.

John Hejduk - The Collapse of TimeOcuppying Bedford Square in London. This temporary design

resonates perminance through it’s symbolic nature.

BEIJING CENTRE

New Government sits in relation to the Old Imperial Government. However this construction destroyed a centuries worth of local constructions in less than two years. An axial route with a sense of hierarchy still dominates the line of sight. In addition the post-revolutionary architecture dictates the space with it’s Hard Monu-mental structures. This gives a false sense of scale and place.

间和时间

纪念碑传

记录学生抗议

Political Space and Time,

Monument and National Propaganda.

Recording the Student Protest of June, 1989

Spacial Layout as Political Trademark

Axial, Centred, Dominating Space

Tolerating and Democratic Space

Big Ben overshadowing Monument, Spacial understanding of Negative Politics.

Quotations from Chairman MaoStandardized, cheap and disposeable regime book. Ideology, Identity and relations to spatial practices and international politics.

East Coast

Europe

Markus Miessen

Parliament Square Collage indicating a fantasy like authoritarian persepective. Monumental structures �ll the space whilst a desert of paving draws the eye to the horizon. Such open spaes induce tourist factor of which mostly chinese take numerous photographs of the same objects.

Possible phone application for re-inventing the historic scenes of june 1989 - Goddess of Democracy + Tank Man

Tiananmen and its surroundings locating the masacre of the 1989 protests.

Tiananmen typology overlayed onto Parilament site. This gener-ates a clear mix of authoritive planning and monumentality.

Mapping the Tiananmen Massacre

Beijing saw 3,000 innocent protestors murdered between the 2nd - 4th June 1989. The majority of these were students.

Today, people in Beijing think of their murdered children shamefully, as they conducted behaviour that was against the communist regime. It seems a new �ux of capitalism and 10% growth each year is able to satisfy the People’s Repub-lics democratic rights for riches.

Date: Autumn 2012 - Spring 2013Tutor: Peter Salter, Welsh School of Archi-tecture

Here I have started to look at Tiananmen Square in China as a precedent, and am mainly interested in the soft and hard monu-ment of the Square. This will be translated to Parliament Square where an appropriate architectural response can be designed...

RE-DESIGNING PARLIAMENT SQUARE IN LONDON (Current Project)

jwkb portfolio

Documents

infants school

small school

right school project

bsc architecture year

year of art

state of ice

county upper school

year design studio