juvenile behavior
TRANSCRIPT
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Running head: JUVENILE BEHAVIOR 1
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Phase 5 Individual Project
Colorado Technical University Online
CJUS285-1102A-01: Juvenile Delinquency
Professor Steven Mardock
Christopher B. Lane
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Abstract
I will be discussing some important information that is pertaining to the Colonial Period. I will
be discussing some key important facts that the Colonial Period carried out with extreme
punishments to the offenders. These punishments that were use in our society from a long time
ago will be considered as inhumane today. The 21st Century takes a different approach in better
educating our juveniles to keep reoccurring circumstances from ever happening again. This
paper will go into detail about the Psychological and Sociological explanations from different
authors, and the conclusions they have come up with.
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Portions of this assignment had previously been submitted in CJUS285-1102A-01: Juvenile
Delinquency on May 2, 2011, the instructor’s name is Steven Mardock.
Colonial Period
I would like to start out this individual project by talking about when was the Colonial
Period actually took place to give the reader an idea. The Colonial Period policing actually
started in the year of 1215; it did not get established until 1600 when the Magna Carta was
introduced (Net Industries, 2011) (Lane, 2011). The Magna Carta was put in place for the
liberties for each citizen, it only granted some liberties. It was widely considered to provide some
range of individual freedoms (Net Industries, 2011) (Lane, 2011). In the Colonial Period, the
criminals were brought to the middle of the town to receive their punishment in front of the
public (Demand Media, 2010) (Lane, 2011). Such punishments would include the following:
pillory, stocks, and whipping posts (Demand Media, 2010).
Punishments
In addition, the person who was locked in the pillory during treacherous weather
conditions would be subjected to a punishment from the township would have fruit thrown at
them by the citizens of the community (Demand Media, 2010) (Lane, 2011). The most common
crime and hated by others was the crime of blasphemy. There was some speculation to Captain
Kemble in that his punishment was lewd and unseemly behavior of the Sabbath Day (Demand
Media, 2010) (Lane, 2011). The punishments in detail; the pillory is type of framework that has
holes in it so the offender can put his head, and hands in while the offender stands up. The term
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stocks had holes were the offender’s ankles were locked in settling down (Demand Media, 2010)
(Lane, 2011). The punishment of whipping posts consists of the offender getting whipped in
front of the whole town (Demand Media, 2010) (Lane, 2011). There was another type of
punishment that occurred, and that was branding. Branding also occurred when someone
committed a crime in the Colonial Period (Demand Media, 2010). Also, they used to cut the
offender’s ear off (Demand Media, 2010).
Theories
The theories expressed during this time frame can easily be summed up to be as rude,
unethical popular law. The first theory was considered to be the standard theory (Stoebuck,
1968) (Lane, 2011). There was a Chief Justice with the name of Lemuel Shaw concluded to the
facts during the Colonial Period that the Colonial beginnings of the 17th century and 18th Century
that the English jurisprudence was even considered a subsidiary force (Stoebuck, 1968) (Lane,
2011). In 1968, the author William Stoebuck mentions that Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw stated
that the common law was imported by our colonial ancestors, as far it was applicable, and was
sanctioned by royal charters and colonial statues. In 1968, the author William Stoebuck mentions
the third theory of colonial-law reception was indebted to Professor Julius Goebel. In 1968, the
author William Stoebuck mentions that Goebel found based upon Plymouth Colony from 1620
to 1650; Professor Julius Goebel presented evidence that the law practiced was that of the
customary law that was of the local courts the Colonist had known in England.
Procedure
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In 2005, the author Elizabeth Kolsky talks about an English lawyer named Thomas
Babington Macaulay. Thomas Babington was an aspiring lawyer. Thomas Babington Macaulay
argued that the role in front of the British Parliament about the British governance in India
(Kolsky, 2005) (Lane, 2011). In 2005, the author Elizabeth Kolsky mentions the English lawyer
ideas about codification-creating as one great and entire work symmetrical in all parts and
pervaded by one spirit. In 2005, the author Elizabeth Kolsky mentions the goal of her article is to
explain why the root in India was as facilely and quickly as it did. In 2005, the author Elizabeth
Kolsky mentions in her article, the first Code of Criminal Procedure occurred in 1861, secured
the legal superiority of European-born British subjects.
Diversion
There was no diversion that occurred in the Colonial Period.
Prevention
Prevention was not an option during the Colonial Period. When someone did something
wrong, they received the harshest punishment (Lane, 2011). To give an educated guess to this
important header; I would have to say prevention of a person committing a crime would have to
be the idea of good education implementations to be in put in place (Lane, 2011). Generally,
there would not be any education (Lane, 2011). The person who committed a crime just received
their fair form of punishment; even if they did not like the punishment (Lane, 2011).
21 st Century
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Unlike the Colonial Period, the 21st Century is a little stricter when it comes to crimes,
but they are dealt with in a way that it would not be so harsh (Lane, 2011). In the 21st Century,
when a person commits a crime, they would go through the legal process of the law (Lane,
2011).
Punishments
Depending on the severity of the crime will decide the appropriate punishment for the
offender (Lane, 2011). Punishment for an offender who commits a crime will give the option
handed down by the judge to either do some time in home incarceration, for the lesser offense to
the more serious crimes would require someone to spend some time in a correctional facility
(Lane, 2011).
Theories
The theories are based solely on the statutes of each state that sentences a person when
they commit a crime (Lane, 2011). Theories are different from the time of the Colonial Period
(Lane, 2011). In the 21st Century is not just theory, it is based on actual evidence (Lane, 2011).
Procedure
The procedures in the 21st Century when it comes to the laws are dealt with a speedy
process (Lane, 2011). This procedure may only take a short amount of time based on the actual
evidence (Lane, 2011).
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Diversion
Diversion should not be ignored by the criminal justice system and scrutiny (Dingwall,
G., Gillespie, Alisdar, A., 2007) (Lane, 2011). In 2007, the authors of this story, Gavin Dingwall,
and Alisdair A. Gillespie mentions the importance of diversion in the English criminal justice
system should not be underestimated (Lane, 2011). In 2007, the authors, Gavin Dingwall, and
Alisdair A. Gillespie mentions the juvenile offenders a higher proportion of those who offend are
not dealt with through the formal process of prosecution, trial and punishment (Lane, 2011).
Prevention
Generally, the best way to prevent something like this from happening will require the
proper education of the juvenile offender (Lane, 2011) (Wilson, 2009). By properly educating
the juvenile offender will enable to produce good citizens in society (Lane, 2011). This is my
factual affirmation to this particular header (Lane, 2011). If we can prevent, and educate, we
will succeed as citizens in society (Lane, 2011).
Jim weighed out his options, and has decided to stay in the 21st century. I would like to
begin by talking about the two types of explanation. Those two types of explanation are
Psychological Explanations, and Sociological Explanations.
Psychological Explanations
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The first one I would like to talk about is Behavioral theory, and how it relates to crime.
In 1996, the author Dr. Heather D. Flowe talks about Psychoanalytic Theory mentions all
humans have criminal tendencies through the process of socialization. Dr. Heather D. Flowe
goes on to say that these tendencies are curbed by the development of inner controls (Flowe,
1996). In 1996, Dr. Heather D. Flowe mentions that Freud hypothesized that the most common
element that contributed to criminal behavior was faulty identification by a child with her or his
parents. In 1996, Dr. Heather D. Flowe talks about Cognitive Development Theory as it is
formulated a theory concerning the development of moral reasoning.
Behavioral
I will begin to discuss Behavioral theory. The author who came up with this type of
research was Albert Bandura and Richard Walters collaborated at Stanford University and wrote
their first book, Adolescent Aggression in 1959. Bandura was the President of the APA in 1973,
and received the APA’s Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions in 1980 (Boeree,
2006). In 2006, the author Dr. C. George Boeree talks about Bandura’s theory on behaviorism
and Bandura concluded with his emphasis on experimental methods, focusing on variables we
can observe, measure, and manipulate, and avoid whatever is subjective, internal, and
unavailable. One question you may be asking yourself: How does this pertain to Jim’s behavior?
Cognitive Theory and Behavior Theory work together with each other.
Cognitive
Frank Pajares mentions Social Cognitive Theory as a theory of social learning and
imitation that rejected behaviorist notions (Pajares, 2002). In 2002, Frank Pajares mentions the
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year of 1963, when Bandura and Walters wrote the book, Social Learning and Personality
Development, in this book written by: Bandura and Walters, it talks about the broadening of the
frontiers of social learning theory with the now familiar principles of observational learning and
vicarious reinforcement. In 2002, the author Frank Pajares talks about how these two important
factors and they are as follows: Personal Factors, Environmental Factors, are the triangle with
Behavior of the person committing a crime. In other words, how this pertains to Jim. If the
environmental factor, personal factor coincide with each other, and only then you will have the
behavioral characteristics of someone committing a crime.
Expected Treatment
The expected treatment to such a condition will involve prescription medication under the
supervision of a medical doctor, who is licensed to practice medicine. The medical doctor will
closely monitor someone with this condition, so there is no severe side effect that can occur with
the prescription that was prescribed to the person(s).
Sociological Explanations
I would like to talk about the Sociological Explanation of someone committing a crime.
The author Mathieu Deflem talks about modern criminology and the sociological theory
(Deflem, 2006, pp. 1-6). In 2006, the author Mathieu Deflem talks about that not all criminology
is sociological in orientation and, far more troublesome, not all sociologically minded
criminological work is resolutely and thoroughly grounded in theory.
Social Structure
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The social structure outlined by the authors Allen E. Liska and Mitchell B.
Chamlin talks about Social Structure and Crime Control among Macrosocial Units (Liska, A.E.,
Chamlin, M.B., 1984, pp. 383-395). In 1984, the authors, Allen E. Liska and Mitchell B.
Chamlin talks about this into their summary as there was considerable variation in arrest rates
between cities and that racial/economical composition substantially affects them, independently
of reported crime rates.
Social Structure
In addition, to the social process, there is the social structure of someone committing a
crime. The author Allen E. Liska talks about the Functions of Crime: A Paradoxical Process
(Liska, A.E., Warner, B. D., 1991, pp. 1441-1463). In 1991, the author Allen E. Liska talks about
in his summary of this journal that Sociologist has long been interested in the functions of
deviance and crime for the social order. In 1991, the author Allen E. Liska talks in his journal
about Durkheim as a functionalists, argue that crime or the reaction to it brings people together,
thereby building social solidarity and cohesiveness, which in turn decreases crime.
Expected Treatment
The expected treatment for someone that commits crimes in a sociological theory would
be care work is done in the home (England, 2005, pp. 381-399). In 2005, the author Paula
England talks about how this treatment can be effective and she goes on to say that care work is
done in the home as well as in markets for pay. In 2005, the author Paula England mentions five
theoretical frameworks have been developed to conceptualize care work; the frameworks
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sometimes can offer competing answers to the same questions, and often times address distinct
questions.
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References
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http://law.jrank.org/pages/11881/Colonial-Period-Criminal-law.html April 30, 2011
Boeree, C.G. (2006). Personality Theories. Autobiography of Albert Bandura, retrieved from:
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/bandura.html May 7, 2011
Deflem, M. (2006). The Bearing of Sociological Theory on Criminological Research. University
of South Carolina- Department of Sociology. Vol. 7. 1-6. Elsevier/JAI Press Publisher.
Amsterdam, retrieved from: http://www.cas.sc.edu/socy/faculty/deflem/zSTCRintro.html
May 8, 2011
Demand Media. (2010). Crime and Punishment in Colonial America. Essortment-Your Source
for Knowledge, retrieved from: http://www.essortment.com/crime-punishment-colonial-
america-20979.html May 1, 2011
Dingwall, G., Gillespie, A., A. (2007). Special Issue: Diverting Juveniles, Diverting Justice. Web
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2011
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http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/lhr/23.3/pdf/kolsky2_lhr.23.3.pdf May 1,
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https://campus.ctuonline.edu/pages/MainFrame.aspx?ContentFrame=/Home/Pages/
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