justice john stuart mill. british philosopher 1806 – 1873 most famous works: utiliarianism deals...
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JusticeJohn Stuart Mill
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John Stuart Mill
British Philosopher1806 – 1873
Most Famous Works:
•Utiliarianism deals with ethics.
•On Liberty deals with political philosophy
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Broadened View of Happiness
•Pleasures of sensation •Pleasures of feeling and imagination•Pleasures of moral sentiment•Pleasures of the intellect
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Higher and Lower Pleasures
•Need to look not just at the quantity of pleasure but also at the quality.
•“It is better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied that a fool satisfied.” p. 19
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Quality Test
“Of two pleasures, if there be one to which all or almost all who have experience of both give a decided preference, irrespective of any feeling of moral obligation to prefer it, that is the more desirable pleasure.” p. 18
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Mill’s Two Basic Principles
•Greatest Happiness Principle:
“Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as the tend to produce the reverse of happiness.” Utilitarianism
•Harm Principle:
“The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others” On Liberty
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How are the two principles related?
•Mill’s Basic claim: The harm principle tends to maximize the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
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Basic Liberties according to Mill
•Freedom of Conscience
•Freedom of Speech and Thought
•Freedom of Assembly