Basic Measurement Units Light of speed in vacuum c=2.99792x108m/s

1light year 9.4605x1015m

Mass of earth M =5.9736x1024kg

Acceleration m/s2

Volume m3

Density kg/m3

Temperature Kelvin=0 k=-273.15 oC

Astronomical(AU) =149598000km

unit

Physical properties of Jupiter

Jupiter

Orbital radius(AU) 5.2

Orbital period(year) 11.9

Orbital velocity(km/s) 13.1

Mass(kg) 1.8987x1027

Equatorial

diameter(1000km)

143

Density(g/cm3

) 1.326

Rotational period(hours) 9.9

Obliquity(degrees) 3.1

Surface gravity(m/s2) 25.1

Escape velocity(km/s) 60.2

Orbital eccentricity 0.048

No. of moons 64known moons

Eccentricity 0.04839266

Ancient astronomers didn’t have telescopes, but they knew there was something strange about the planets. They tracked the motion of the planets with incredible accuracy and believed that they were somehow associated with gods in their mythologies. Jupiter is named after the Roman god, thought to be the head of the gods; he’s the same as Zeus in Greek mythology.

when Galileo pointed his first rudimentary telescope at Jupiter. What he saw was the disk of Jupiter and the 4 largest moons orbiting the planet. Since all the heavenly bodies were thought to orbit the Earth, it was thought to be impossible for objects to orbit one another.

Jupiter’s Great Red Spot

The Great Red Spot is a huge storm measuring 12,000 by 25,000 km (7,500 by 15,500 miles), which is big enough to hold two Earths side by side. While Jupiter's cloud patterns can change within hours or days like on Earth, the Spot has lasted for over 300 years.

Mystery of storms in Jupiter

Magnetic Powerhouse - Jupiter

At very high pressures inside Jupiter, hydrogen begins to act

like a liquid metal This provides an electrically conducting

fluid in which a magnetic field is generated.

Jupiter's magnetic field is inclined 10o to its rotation axis, an

orientation similar too Earth’s, but its axis is displaced about

a tenth of a radius from the planet’s center.

The total strength of Jupiter’s magnetic field is nearly 20,000

times that of Earth’s.

Magnetic Powerhouse - Jupiter

Are there any seasons in Jupiter

There is almost no seasons in Jupiter. This is due to 3 degree inclination. As the inclination of its equatorial plane to its orbital plane called obliquity.

JUPITER MAGNETOSPHERER PRODUCE SYNCHROTORN RADITAION

Rapidly moving ELECTRONS IN Jupiter magnetosphere spiral around the direction of magnetic field, and as they do so they emit synchrotron radiation. To emit synchrotron radiation electrons have to spiral to nearly speed of light. To listen synchrotron radiation you can take radio and the charrrrr…. When the radio doesn’t catch any frequency that voice contain 10 % of synchrotron radiation coming from different cosmos.

SYNCHROTORN RADITAION

Radiation Belts

The fast moving charged particles slam into neutral atoms in magnetosphere of Jupiter, and the energy released in the resulting high- speed collision heats the plasma to extreme temp. The temperature of plasma is over 300 Kelvins : 20times the temperature at the center of the Sun! The density of plasma (around 10,000atoms/m3) was much lower than the vacuum we can produce on Earth. This situation was encountered by Voyager1.

Io’s Plasma Torus

The most intense radiation belt in the solar system is a toroidal ring of plasma associated with Io, the innermost of Jupiter's four Galilean moons. Because of its low surface gravity violence of volcanism, some of the gases erupting from its interior can escape moon and can become the part of Jupiter’s radiation belt.

Io’s Flux tube

Jupiter’s auroras have an added twist that we do not see on Earth , however. As Jupiter's magnetic field sweeps past Io, it behave like a dynamo, generating an electric potential of 4000,000 volts. Electrons accelerate by this enormous electric field spiral along the direction of Jupiter’s magnetic field. This result in magnetic channel, called a flux tube.

Moons of Jupiter There are 64 known moos of Jupiter . The first person

to view them throw a telescope was Galileo Galilei so they were named as Galilean moons. They are Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto.

• Europa or Jupiter II, is the sixth closest moon of the planet Jupiter, and the smallest of its four Galilean satellites. Europa was discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei. Slightly smaller than Earth's Moon, Europa is primarily made of silicate rock and probably has an iron core. It has a tenuous atmosphere composed primarily of oxygen. Its surface is composed of ice and is one of the smoothest in the Solar System. It is believed that beneath the surface there is liquid water and life is also possible.

Callisto