ISSN 0036-8075

8 June'1984Volume 224, No. 4653

LETTERs Animal Research: S. L. Campbell; Yellow Fever Research: J. Franklin and

J. Sutherland; J. A. del Regato; C. Norman; Formaldehyde Risk Assessment:

N. A. Ashford et al

EDITORIAL And the Clocks Are Striking One: M. Greenberger.

ARTICLES Computer-Based Instructional Dialogs in Science Courses: A. B. Arons......

The Biochemistry of Memory: A New and Specific Hypothesis: G. Lynch and

M. Baudry

Molecular Biology of Osmoregulation: D. Le Rudulier et al.

Structure and Expression of a Complementary DNA for the Nuclear Coded

Precursor of Human Mitochondrial Ornithine Transcarbamylase:A. L. Horwich et al. ...................................................

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

House Votes Florida State a Supercomputer ..................................

More for Catholic, Columbia ................................................

Georgetown Seeks $160 Million.............................................

New Worries About Space Telescope ........................................

Briefing: Carcinogenesis Without Controversy; Federal Court Strikes Down BabyDoe Rules; Western Academies Seek Help for Sakharov; CreationismDefeated in Louisiana Senate; Appeals Court Upholds Legal Block onExperiment; EPA Overhauls Pesticide Office..............................

Patents Encroaching on Research Freedom ...................................

DOD Springs Surprise on Secrecy Rules......................................

Judge Curbs Use of Toxic Shock Data .......................................

Trail of Ironies to Parkinson's Disease .......................................

Crystal Anisotropy Directs Solidification .....................................

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1080

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The N-myc Oncogene in Neural Tumors ........... ........................... 1088'

BOOK REVIEWS Boreal Forest Adaptations, reviewed by M. A. Little; 75 Years of Progress,J. W. Servos; Hearing, N. I. Durlach and T. F. Weiss; Glacial Deposits inNorth-West Europe, E. H. Muller; Books Received ............... 1089

REPORTS Mississippi Deltaic Wetland Survival: Sedimentation Versus Coastal Submergence:R. H. Baumann, J. W. Day, Jr., C. A. Miller ............................. 1093

A Nitrogen Pressure of 50 Atmospheres Does Not Prevent Evolution of Hydrogenby Nitrogenase: F. B. Simpson and R. H. Burris ....... ................... 1095

Growth Stasis and Limited Shell Calcification in Larvae of Cymatiumparthenopeum During Trans-Atlantic Transport: J. A. Pechenik,R. S. Scheltema, L. S. Eyster ........................................... 1097

The Appearance of Sustained Equatorial Surface Westerlies During the 1982Pacific Warm Event: D. E. Harrison .......... ........................... 1099

Impulse Activity Differentially Regulates [Leu]Enkephalin and CatecholamineCharacters in the Adrenal Medulla: E. F. LaGamma, J. E. Adler, I. B. Black 1102

Chromosomal Location of Human Metallothionein Genes: Implications forMenkes' Disease: C. J. Schmidt, D. H. Hamer, 0. W. McBride ............. 1104

Epidermal Growth Factor Immunoreactive Material in the Central NervousSystem: Location and Development: J. H. Fallon et al. ...... ............. 1107.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Produces a Yeast Substance That Exhibits EstrogenicActivity in Mammalian Systems: D. Feldman et al. ...... ................. 1109

Synthesis of a Cyclic Melanotropic Peptide Exhibiting Both Melanin-Concentratingand -Dispersing Activities: B. C. Wilkes et al. ....... ..................... 1111

Organ-Specific Adhesion of Metastatic Tumor Cells in Vitro: P. A. Netland andB. R. Zetter ....... 1113

Clustering of Human Hl and Core Histone Genes: N. Carozzi et al. ...... . 1115

Amplification of the c-myb Oncogene in a Case of Human Acute MyelogenousLeukemia: P.-G. Pelicci et al. ............ .............................. 1117w

Amplification of N-myc in Untreated Human Neuroblastomas Correlates withAdvanced Disease Stage: G. M. Brodeur et al. ....... .................... 1121

Human Monocytic Cell Lines Derived from Cord Leukocytes by Co-cultivationwith Irradiated CM-S Cells: R. P. Revoltella et al . ........................ 1124

COVER

Scanning electron micrograph of mu-rine B16-F1O melanoma cells binding toa cryostat section of murine lung (aboutx2x1,000). These metastatic tumor cellsadhere preferentially to the tissues thatthey colonize in vivo. See page 1113.(Samples were prepared and photo-

s-graphed by Peter A. Netland and BruceR. Zetter in collaboration with WilliamJ. Landis and Karen J. Hodgens, Chil-dren's Hospital, Boston, Massachu-setts 02115]

8 June 1984, Volume 224, Number 4653

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SCIE:NCE

the Clocks Are Striking Onea bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.

s, George Orwell begins his chilling classic 1984. "Bright" butwith a "vile wind" and "a swirl of gritty dust" whose presence

on Smith could not escape no matter how swiftly he slipped "throughlss doors" into the building that contained his flat. An allusion to Bigzr? Very likely. And the clocks were striking an ominous thirteen.political winds blowing in the actual 1984 are not as vile as thearian nightmare of Orwell's horror, especially in the "free world."ie dare not complacently dismiss the prophetic dangers and self-ng "doublethink" of 1984 as having meaning only for the Communistrhe powerful warning, as Erich Fromm observed, "means us, too."mm was worried about the possibility of a society of automatons wholose "every trace of individuality, of love, of critical thought"

it being aware of what was happening to them (because of double-In The Sane Society, Fromm identifies the peril as "managerial

rialism, in which man builds machines which act like men and)ps men who act like machines ... appendices to the process ofction and consumption."'might expect the current enthusiasm for fifth-generation computers:pert systems, which is producing ambitious, well-funded efforts in1 countries, to result in machines "which act like men." But progressit be at a gallop, nor will it generate human automatons. The advancestostly serve to shift the boundary between the things that biologicalires do themselves and the things that technology helps them do or,or them-just as the steam shovel and the automobile shifted thatary (only now the shift will be in the domains of information pro-g and cognition rather than physical labor and transportation).it then of the danger that people might come to behave like machines,mm feared? That depends not on whether a particular activity getsnized but on changes taking place in the functions people continue tom themselves, on the character of new functions they assume, andon what people do in their relationships with one another. The role

iety and the economy is in determining how the options and op-ities are used or not used, as well as misused and misplaced.he real 1984, we have reason to take heart. The progress in bio-stry, microelectronics, lasers, and satellites is not the creation of aation of politically repressed automatons. The human species hasistrated individual ingenuity and initiative at the summit of technolog-Scomplishment, a signal of vital energy, not a moribund system.rocomputers, to consider a suggestive example, can be intellectuallynging and fun to use as well as very productive. They are the offspringativity and potential contributors to even greater creativity-en-rs of thought and levers to unbounded versatility. This only begins tolected by their success in the marketplace. They are stimulators, nots, of imagination and invention.iety must choose wisely to realize the liberating, ennobling potentialnew technologies. Personal computers are entering homes and officesmillions. Universities are making plans to provide them to students.uter manufacturers and software firms with an eye to future uses andare being extremely generous with educational discounts and gifts.,round is being laid for what could be a milestone in individualtement and human fulfillment-a virtual renaissance of the collectiveWe should strive to make that the ultimate significance of 1984.RTIN GREENBERGER, IBM Professor of Computers and Informationns, and Professor of Public Policy and Analysis, Graduate School ofgement, University of California, Los Angeles 90024

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