june 29, 2009 world bank/metap and ec/smap iii
DESCRIPTION
SMAP III Final Workshop Marseilles I CZM Policy Note Making the Case for Protecting Cheikh Zennad Lebanon. June 29, 2009 World Bank/METAP and EC/SMAP III. Background. The Mediterranean coastal fringe is host to a wealth of important wildlife and natural and still pristine areas. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SMAP III Final WorkshopSMAP III Final WorkshopMarseillesMarseilles
IICZM Policy NoteCZM Policy NoteMaking the Case for Protecting Making the Case for Protecting
Cheikh Zennad Cheikh Zennad LebanonLebanon
June 29, 2009
World Bank/METAP and EC/SMAP III
BackgroundBackground The Mediterranean coastal fringe is host to a wealth
of important wildlife and natural and still pristine areas.
e.g., Mediterranean Migrating Birds Flyways
2. European Siberia/Black Sea-Mediterranean population
3. West Siberian/Caspian/ Nile population
BackgroundBackgroundHowever, these areas are under increasing
pressure from several drivers: population, the economic growth-trade-globalization nexus, urban sprawl, tourism, modal transports, industrial development, etc.
Background Background
Policy makers need to make informed trade-offs between:– the tangible benefits associated with economic
development and growth economic theory in terms of growth, market prices and income
and job creation.– the intangible benefits (such as biodiversity and nature
protection) that are derived from natural resources especially in pristine areas.
economic markets tend to fail
Why Environmental Valuation?Why Environmental Valuation?
Although there is often market failure (and therefore no market price) for natural resources
… people derive pleasure or a satisfaction (attaining a utility value in economic terms) from natural resources, e.g. people like to watch wildlife, or benefit from ecosystem services.
It is important that we account for these values when we make decisions about natural resources.
Lebanon CoastLebanon Coast
Mediterranean Coastal Urban Population and Sprawl Trends, 1995-2025 Coastal Urban Population 1960-2025
(Million)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2025
Year
(Mill
ion)
North
South and East
Total
Coastal Urban Sprawl Trend 1995-2025(as percentage of Total Coastal Area)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Greece France Italy Spain Egypt Lebanon
Selected Mediterranean Countries
(%)
1995
2025
The coastal zone is under tremendous pressure with a foreseen total artificialization by 2025 if nothing is done to preserve the remaining coastal pristine areas of lebanon especially North of Tripoli in Akkar and South of Tyre.The rate of artificialization is about +2% p.a. (MoE)
Cheikh Zennad as a Protected AreaCheikh Zennad as a Protected AreaCheikh Zennad is a coastal salty wetland close to the
northern border rich in salt marshes (cultural assets) and mudflats. Since 1998, it became a migratory bird stopover where birds feed, rest, breed, roost and/or nest hence creating a wealth of bird watching opportunities.
Cheikh Zennad as a Protected AreaCheikh Zennad as a Protected Area170 kind of birds were reported with hundred
thousands making a stopover over 2 seasons. However, their number has been dwindling due to illegal hunting and poaching
Conservation vs. Ribbon Development Conservation vs. Ribbon Development Valuation Test 1Valuation Test 1Akkar Coast including Cheikh Zennad
Lido di Dante Coast
Italy
Conservation vs. Ribbon Development, 2005 (US$ Million)
-
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Forgone Welfare Averted Cost Remedial Cost
Category
US
$ m
illio
n
Real Estate
Hotel
Real Estate and Hotel
Revealed Preference of >400,000 people living on the northern coast40 years investment
Revealed Preference to Visit a Protected Area Valuation Test 2
10 years investmentRevealed Preference of 5,500 people bird watchers over 2 seasons (spring and autumn) living in Lebanon visiting Cheikh Zennad
Cheikh Zennad Forgone Welfare and Remedial Costs, 2009 (US$ million)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
Forgone Welfare Averted Cost Remedial Cost
Category
US
$ m
illi
on
O&M costInvestment costs over 5 yearWillingness to spend additional moneyAverage WTP to visit the reserve
Even if you combine Test 1 and 2, they are easily defeated!
Policy Option
NPMPLT Natural and Cultural Sites
The 2004 Schema Directeur de l’Amenagement du Territoire (Land Use Strategy) was endorsed early 2009. The coast of Akkar is considered as a natural asset to be preserved. However, the Land Use Strategy does not have force of law: it only recommends to preserve this area.
Policy Option Coastal presrvation valuation are easily defeated by rent
seekers (development estate projects along the coast). If the Government of Lebanon is serious at preserving
Cheikh Zennad and other ‘preservable’ areas on the CZ, a number of instrument alternatives is suggested, e.g.,- The assertion of a non aedificandi 100-200 meter setback coastal zoning in Akkar as suggested in the draft ICZM law and recommended by the Schema Directeur
- The buyback of CZ private property: either by expropriation or by land swap and assess the possibility of setting up a conservatoire du littoral-like entity to preserve and manege the land
Policy Option The introduction of economic instruments such as: - perequazione urbanistica (a way of compensating
non aedificandi areas where construction rights could be sold to developers interested in increasing their coefficient of exploitation in other designated areas.
- involving commercial banks in preservation by considering non aedificandi coastal property bought by banks as part of their obligation reserve (The Central Bank should play a key role).
Thank You for Your Valuable TimeThank You for Your Valuable Time