Jump Start

• Name two things the North & South disagreed about, politically and why that disagreement existed.

Think of Lifestyle, Occupations and Politics.

• What was the biggest ideological difference between the two regions of the US?

• How did immigration further separate the two regions?

The Slavery Debate The Slavery Debate Divides the NationDivides the Nation

Sectionalism vs. Nationalism…Again

Slavery – Should It Spread?

Wilmot Proviso :

Slavery forbidden in territories won in Mexican War.

North Supported It South Opposed ItNo So. support on Canals/Roads Slaves property – Could travelPotential Competition for jobs Potential loss of other liberty

Both Feared– Upset the balance of votes in Senate –

Then California applies for statehood!

California Statehood Debate• Launches the nation into another round of mistrust

• Wilmot Proviso still not passed – so no slavery yet in new territories of New Mexico & California.

• California’s Constitution prohibits slavery – Requests admission as a Free State.

• South feels betrayed – Missouri Compromise should have covered this – slavery below 36°30’

• Angry speeches are made all over the US.

Secession Becomes a Reality

31st Congress, December 1849

• Several issues divide the members- California’s statehood- Texas claims eastern New Mexico - North demands abolition in Washington DC- South threatens secession more often- No enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act

Fugitive Slave Act

• Any federal marshal who did not arrest an alleged runaway slave could be fined $1,000.

• Runaway slave suspects could be arrested without warrant and turned over to a ‘claimant’ on nothing more than his sworn testimony of ownership. No right to trial.

• Persons aiding a runaway slave was liable to six months' imprisonment and a $1,000 fine.

• Finders Fees to officers who ‘found’ escaped slaves

Northerners Act to Resist

• “Vigilance Committees” helped get escaped slaves to Canada

• Personal Liberty Laws 9 Northern states pass laws… NO IMPRISONMENT OF RUNAWAY SLAVES

• Underground Railroad - Network of escape routes

• Harriet Tubman – escaped outspoken former slave who helped over 300 slaves escape.

Henry Box Brown, Who Escaped from Slavery, Enclosed in a Box 3 Feet Long and 2 Wide.

Abolitionists Increase PressureUncle Tom’s Cabin

A Novel Dramatized the evils of slavery

Sold over 1 Million Copies in 1

year

Southerners wrote novels too,

but none convinced anyone that slavery was good.

South feared abolitionists even more

Clay’s Compromise of 1850• California is admitted as a free state

• Utah & New Mexico decide slavery for themselvesConcept of Popular Sovereignty emerges

• Texas border with Mexico settled – slavery limited to current borders of Texas.

• Fugitive Slave Law strengthened

• Compromise of 1850 is NOT PASSED IN CONGRESS!!!

‘Compromise’ Torch is Passed

• Clay dies, frustrated ; Calhoun dies and South’s biggest opponent of compromise is gone.

• Pres. Zachary Taylor Dies and Millard Fillmore becomes President – supports compromise.

• Senator Stephen ‘Little Giant’ Douglas – Illinois 5’ 4”tall takes up the Compromise battle in Congress.

Compromise is Short Lived…

• Everyone thinks compromise ends the crisis

• Now the battle is over enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law.

• Underground Railroad is born & North resists returning the slaves.

Homework

Write a four paragraph (1 page) essay on why relations between the north and south were deteriorating from 1845-1850. Focus on the following topics and use class notes, textbook , and internet (note sources) to find information.

1) Expanding the nation’s borders and admitting

states to the union.

2) Northern vs. Southern views of slavery

Assignment Due Tuesday 1/20/09.