jump start! 1)discuss the monroe doctrine. what did it say? what did it say? why did the us believe...

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Jump Start! Jump Start! 1) 1) Discuss the Monroe Doctrine. Discuss the Monroe Doctrine. What did it say? What did it say? Why did the US believe it was necessary? Why did the US believe it was necessary? 2) 2) Discuss the Missouri Compromise. Discuss the Missouri Compromise. What was the issue involved? What was the issue involved? Why was it important - what effect did Why was it important - what effect did it have on the it have on the United States? United States?

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Jump Start!Jump Start!1)1) Discuss the Monroe Doctrine. Discuss the Monroe Doctrine.

What did it say? What did it say?

Why did the US believe it was necessary?Why did the US believe it was necessary?

2)2) Discuss the Missouri Compromise.Discuss the Missouri Compromise.

What was the issue involved? What was the issue involved?

Why was it important - what effect did it have on Why was it important - what effect did it have on the the United States?United States?

Age of Age of JacksonJackson

Indian RemovalIndian Removal

NullificationNullification

Bank of the Bank of the United StatesUnited States

Two Faced PolicyTwo Faced Policy

• Since Jefferson, US Presidents had two Indian Since Jefferson, US Presidents had two Indian policies:policies:

Assimilation – Change and fit in Assimilation – Change and fit in Removal – Move to preserve culture Removal – Move to preserve culture

• Inconsistently applied from 1801 – 1831, after Inconsistently applied from 1801 – 1831, after which the US made full efforts to resettle the which the US made full efforts to resettle the tribes.tribes.

Large Native PopulationLarge Native Population

• 60,000 Native Americans occupied Georgia, 60,000 Native Americans occupied Georgia, Alabama, MississippiAlabama, Mississippi

• Five Tribes – Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Five Tribes – Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek and Seminoles in SE United StatesCreek and Seminoles in SE United States

• Occupied millions of acresOccupied millions of acres

• 94 treaties existed allowing them to live there, 94 treaties existed allowing them to live there, Jackson helped negotiate 9.Jackson helped negotiate 9.

Cherokee Adapt - AssimilateCherokee Adapt - Assimilate

• 1820s – Sequoyah Leads Cherokee1820s – Sequoyah Leads Cherokee

• Develops AlphabetDevelops Alphabet

• Single family farming (Jefferson)Single family farming (Jefferson)

• Opened schools, churches, roadsOpened schools, churches, roads

• ConstitutionConstitution

Government Policy ChangesGovernment Policy Changes

• Pres. Monroe began the Pres. Monroe began the realreal push to evict push to evict

in 1825 resettlement plan sent to Congress.in 1825 resettlement plan sent to Congress.

• Discovery of goldDiscovery of gold in GA may have in GA may have changed everythingchanged everything

• State abolishes Cherokee tribal rule won’t State abolishes Cherokee tribal rule won’t recognize their sovereignty.recognize their sovereignty.

Cherokee ChallengeCherokee Challenge

• Two law suitsTwo law suits

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia - 1831 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia - 1831 Worcester v. Georgia – 1832Worcester v. Georgia – 1832

• Result – Supreme Court rules forResult – Supreme Court rules for CherokeeCherokee

States cannot invalidate treaties w/Federal States cannot invalidate treaties w/Federal Government. Georgia must help keep white Government. Georgia must help keep white

settlers off Indian land.settlers off Indian land.

Jackson Favors RemovalJackson Favors Removal

• Moves from balanced approach to Moves from balanced approach to complete removal.complete removal.

• ““Marshall made his decision, now let him Marshall made his decision, now let him enforce it.”enforce it.”

• Allows state militia to force Indians off landAllows state militia to force Indians off land

“ “Trail of Trail of Tears”Tears”

7 Years of Migration7 Years of Migration

• 1831 – Choctaw were first1831 – Choctaw were first

• 1836 – Creek were removed1836 – Creek were removed

• 1838 – Last of the Cherokee leave1838 – Last of the Cherokee leave

States’ Rights & NullificationStates’ Rights & Nullification

• All about tariffs (again!)All about tariffs (again!)

• As America rebuilds manufacturing capacity Britain flood US As America rebuilds manufacturing capacity Britain flood US w/w/cheapcheap goods – hurts American manufacturing. goods – hurts American manufacturing.

• Government raises tariffs Government raises tariffs twicetwice to protect business. to protect business.

• South says – South says – ENOUGH!ENOUGH! – tariffs hurt British sales so they – tariffs hurt British sales so they buy less cotton, hurting southern exports.buy less cotton, hurting southern exports.

• John C. Calhoun – John C. Calhoun – Tariff of Abominations -Tariff of Abominations -1828 1828 Says tariffs make So dependent on No – making it richSays tariffs make So dependent on No – making it rich

Nullification TheoryNullification Theory

• Calhoun bases theory on Calhoun bases theory on VA & KY ResolutionsVA & KY Resolutions – that – that unconstitutional laws can be nullified by states.unconstitutional laws can be nullified by states.

• States had the right to “nullify” – cancel laws damaging to States had the right to “nullify” – cancel laws damaging to ‘sovereign states’ and SC refuses to collect tariffs, threaten ‘sovereign states’ and SC refuses to collect tariffs, threaten secession.secession.

• Webster/Hayne debate…Government of Webster/Hayne debate…Government of peoplepeople or of or of states.states.

• President Jackson & Calhoun make conflicting toasts in public – President Jackson & Calhoun make conflicting toasts in public – sets up the two as enemies over the issue.sets up the two as enemies over the issue.

• Jackson cites SC treasonous – Passes Jackson cites SC treasonous – Passes FORCE BILL FORCE BILL threatens to threatens to hanghang Calhoun – SC backs down and pays tariffs. Calhoun – SC backs down and pays tariffs.

Bank of the United StatesBank of the United States

• Jackson’s distrust of banks leads him to kill its charter, Jackson’s distrust of banks leads him to kill its charter, when Webster & Clay try to renew earlywhen Webster & Clay try to renew early

• IF it became a campaign issue – gain public support – IF it became a campaign issue – gain public support – harder for Jackson to kill it.harder for Jackson to kill it.

• Jackson says BUS exists for wealthy and targets Nicholas Jackson says BUS exists for wealthy and targets Nicholas Biddle (better rates to Congressmen) as the culprit.Biddle (better rates to Congressmen) as the culprit.

• Re-directs country’s accounts to regional “Pet Banks” & Re-directs country’s accounts to regional “Pet Banks” & kills the BUS – New York becomes financial capital.kills the BUS – New York becomes financial capital.

Effects of Age of JacksonEffects of Age of Jackson• Presidency strengthened under JacksonPresidency strengthened under Jackson

• Democrats split off to form Whig PartyDemocrats split off to form Whig Party

(believers in the American System)(believers in the American System)

• Jackson’s successors – Van Buren deal with Jackson’s successors – Van Buren deal with financial financial problemsproblems due to no centrally controlled bank. due to no centrally controlled bank.

Panic of 1837 Panic of 1837 – banks fail – printed more money than – banks fail – printed more money than

they had gold and silver to back up.they had gold and silver to back up.

• Whig presidencies – William H. Harrison and John TylerWhig presidencies – William H. Harrison and John Tyler