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primates )1(


56/89

55 (2010) 8/7

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57/89

56(2010) 8/7

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58/89

57 (2010) 8/7

< .E .D> .[< .M .D> ] [

Sports 2007 ] Medicine

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Showin Some Skin ) (Why the Aquatic Ape Theory Doesnt Hold Water ) (

the aquatic ape theory )1(

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59/89

58(2010) 8/7

. )2(

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60/89

59 (2010) 8/7

1994

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61/89

60(2010) 8/7

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62/89

61 (2010) 8/7

) ( .

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63/89

62(2010) 8/7

. < > 2008

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Not Entirely Nude ) (


64/89

63 (2010) 8/7

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65/89

64

8/7 26

2010 /) (

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baseline )2( the brains default mode network )3(

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66/89

65 (2010) 8/7

.

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) (

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67/89

66(2010) 8/7

. - -

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68/89

67 (2010) 8/7

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the baseline resting state

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dark energy )1 (synapses )2(

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69/89

68(2010) 8/7

- (

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1998 - -

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THE DEFAULT MODE NETWORK ) (medial mystery parietal area )1(

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.

: DMN

DMN


70/89

69 (2010) 8/7

.

. DMN

DM

.

)2()SCPs( 10

f MRI.

signal f MRI

)1()BOLD(

BOLD . -

- . 10

. 1995

[ < .B> ]

< .M> . - ]

- DMN .

DMN

< >

DISEASE AND THE NETWORK ) (the blood oxygen level-dependent )1(

slow cortical potentials )2(

] [) (

DMN

.

.

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. DMN

DMN .

.


71/89

70(2010) 8/7

.

BOLD SCPs

. SCPs

< > . )SCPs (

100 ( .)

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SCPs -

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SCPs DMN

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PET

. fMRI 1992

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Marcus E. Raichle


72/89

71 (2010) 8/7

) ( DMN

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2008 .

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30( DMN - )

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Scientifc American, March 2010 Consciousness and Disease ) (


73/89

(2010) 6/5 72

8/7 26 2010 /

) (

< .R> . .

)1(< >

)2(< > 2011/3

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) ( )3(

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. . 1500 . 30 .

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1

EIGHT WONDERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM ) (THE RINGS OF SATURN ) (

Cassini )1(MESSENGER )2(

the troposphere )3(


74/89

73 (2010) 6/5


75/89

74(2010) 6/5

) (

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400 .

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JUPITERS RED SPOT ) (


76/89

(2010) 6/575

) ( -

)1(

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tectonic crack

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VALLES MARINERIS, MAR S ) (Arizonas Grand Canyon )1(

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77/89

76(2010) 6/5

) ( :

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THE GEYSERS OF ENCELADUS ) (


78/89

(2010) 6/577

) (

. 8000

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THE GEYSERS OF TRITON ) (


79/89

78(2010) 6/5

) ( .) ( 1994

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PEAKS OF ETERNAL LIGHT ) (HERSCHEL CRATER ON MIMAS ) (

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) ( . 6000

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13 .


80/89

(2010) 6/579

] [

Scientifc American, April 2010

40 < .R> )2( )1(

.< .W>

)3( )4(

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) ( .

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8

Edward Bell

.

SUNRISE ON MERCURY ) (The Grand Tour )1(

Cycles of Fire )2( "Jules Verne, Misunderstood : )3(

Visionary ,"Scientifc American

, April 1997Hugo Award )4(the Rudaux Memorial Award )5(

Cassini Vir tual Tour. The Cassini atSaturn Interactive Explorer (CASSIE)lets you fy around Saturn and itsmoons in 3-D. You can locate thesatellite at any point in its mission.http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/video/ cassinivirtualtour/

] [

] [


81/89

80

8/7 26 2010 /

) (

. < .A>

2000 >

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.

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2000/12

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.

. ArgoII Alvin

.

.

.)2(

.black smokers

Nature 2001/7

. ] [< .D>

:

< > 2007

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.

. ) (

EXPANDING thE LImIts of LIfE ) (s ange C e i ) (

. )1(e L Ci h d e al field )2(


82/89

81 (2010) 8/7

.

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83/89

82(2010) 8/7

. mantle

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CrADLE of LIfE? ) (In e Beginning ) (Lost CIty ... ) (

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84/89

83 (2010) 8/7

...) ( magma

.

>

400 >

>

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>

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.

. [< .G>

2008 ]

Science

.

.) ( ) (

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.

... Vs. BLACK smoKErs ) (

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85/89

84(2010) 8/7

.

. ) (

. Methanogens

.

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.

.

.

.

.

.

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] [< .W> [< .M>

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] [ ) (

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2008 mIt

.yellows one

Agouron

.

Alexander S. Bradley


86/89

85 (2010) 8/7

.

.

.

.Europa .

) ( .

.

.

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.

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.

. genes ) ( -ribosomes

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consume hydrogen

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2011

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s u cing me ane ) (LIfE oN mArs? ) (

) (


87/89

86(2010) 8/7

.

.

Marker .

13

13 3.5 1 .

13 . 13

.

. MIT

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13.

13

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. carbon isotopes

. 13

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.13

.

. .

2011

13.

.

> .

Scientifc American, December 2009


88/89

MEDiCiNE

Nanomedicine Targets CancerBy James R. Heath, Mark E. Davis and Leroy Hood

By v ew ng the body as a system of molecular networks, futurephys c ans w ll be able to target d srupt ons n that system w thnanoscale technolog es and thereby transform the d agnos s andtreatment of mal gnanc es and other d seases.

MEDiCiNE

Regaining Balance with Bionic EarsBy Charles C. Della Santina

Electron c mplants n the nner ear may one day help pat entssuffer ng from d sabl ng unstead ness.

BiOLOGY

The Rise and Fall of NanobacteriaBy John D. Young and Jan Martel

Once bel eved to be the smallest pathogens known, nano bac ter ahave now proved to be someth ng almost as strange.

ASTRONOMY

Cloudy with a Chance of StarsBy Erick T. Young

Making a star is no easy thing. Astronomers are flling in gaps inthe standard v ew of how stars ar se.

ENERGY

Fusions False DawnBy Michael Moyer

As a h stor c m lestone nears, skept cs quest on whether t w llever be poss ble to bu ld a work ng fus on reactor that couldsupply v rtually unl m ted clean energy.

4

14

18

28

38

July / August - 2010 Volume 26 Number 7/8


89/89

ENViRONMENT

Climate Change: A ControlledExperimentBy Stan D. Wullschleger and Maya Strahl

Sc ent sts have man pulated grasslandsand forests to see how prec p tat on,carbon d ox de and temper ature changesw ll affect the future of the b osphere.

EVOLUTiON

The Naked TruthBy Nina G. Jablonski

Recent fndings lay bare the originsof human ha rlessnessand h nt thatnaked sk n was a key factor n theemergence of other human tra ts.

NEUROSCiENCE

The Brains Dark EnergyBy Marcus E. Raichle

Bra n reg ons act ve when we allowour m nds to wander may hold a key tounderstand ng neurolog cal d sordersand even consc ousness tself.

EDiTOR iN CHiEF: Mariette DiChristinaMANAGING EDITOR: Ricki L. RustingCHIEF NEWS EDITOR: Philip M. YamSEnIor writeR: Gary StixEDITORS: Davide Castelvecchi,

Graham P. Collins, Mark Fischetti,Steve M rsky, M chael Moyer, George Musser,Chr st ne Soares, Kate WongCONTRiBUTiNG EDiTORS: Mark Alpert,Steven Ashley, Stuart F. Brown, W. Wayt G bbs,Marguer te Holloway, Chr st e N cholson,Michelle Press, John Rennie, Michael Shermer,Sarah S mpson

ASSOCiATE EDiTORS, ONLiNE: David Biello,Larry Greeneme erNEWS REPORTER, ONLINE: John MatsonART DiRECTOR, ONLiNE: Ryan Reid

ART DiRECTOR: Edward BellASSISTANT ART DIRECTOR: Jen ChristiansenPHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR: Monica Bradley

COPY DIRECTOR: Maria-Christina Keller

EDiTORiAL ADMiNiSTRATOR: Avonelle Wing SENIOR SECRETARY: Maya Harty

COPY AND PRODUCTION, NATURE PUBLISHINGGROUP:SENIOR COPY EDITOR, NPG: Daniel C. SchlenoffCOPY EDITOR, NPG: Michael Battaglia EDITORIAL ASSISTANT, NPG: Ann ChinMANAGING PRODUCTION EDITOR, NPG:

R chard HuntSENIOR PRODUCTION EDITOR, NPG: Michelle Wright

PRODUCTION MANAGER: Christina HippeliADVERTISING PRODUCTION MANAGER:Carl Chereb nPREPRESS AND QUALITY MANAGER:S lv a De Sant sCUSTOM PUBLISHING MANAGER:Madelyn Keyes-M lch

PRESIDENT: Steven InchcoombeVICE PRESIDENT, OPERATIONS AND

48

54

64

72

80

ASTRONOMY

Eight Wonders of the SolarSystemBy Edward Bell,illustrations by Ron Miller

Tour some of the most breathtak ngv ews that awa t ntrep d explorers of oursolar system.

ORiGiN OF LiFE

Expanding the Limits of Life

july aug 2010 oloom

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