19 July 1974\VolnI 185. No. 4147 S IENCE

LET-TERS H1erhicides in Vietnam. K. I .'I /(iii \ /likox sk\ [oiu: / li/son:Metricatiol as (IItiiral Acilaptation: I I.1)nul.

EDITORIAL I irgets /). SntcI 't.1,

ARTICLES SLIpercondtiCntiVitv: I.iargc-Scalt Applications. R. A/. c ..

Physical-C'h-cnilcal Basis otf Iipid Deposition in Athcroscler-osis: I). AI. Sum/Iaind G. G. .Ship v . ....... ................ ...............

A asa,. Soiurce of Knowledge: K. / 1orco

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Slahellan DLroLn-ht: No \Victorx tor Westernl Aild ..

U .. -Sov ict Slinmmit.S-lake Sciience. Not 'NWar .............................

rOIiculttnrc: FDA+ Seeks to RentlteeeC(ic\etil an ipInLILItiatlo ot Food Crop,s

Stcreolols lPrmie olPt a\ore (()Inantitatie1 ci.sopsVC . ..........

I ndclrsea Storm,s: \periiment in the Altnl.iic . ...

;eit D)eca\ aiid Moln ( atptnre'Ct iit /)cd B. R H1oLSI'i,i Ni1chaimllisills otElinaiation React ions. I). J. AhIc,cto;i Depositional CSd inmentarsFis iroietsli.(t l Xicto Bok Received

REPORTS Hcli icoildal Ctack Pzropaaytiollion in A liimi 0LnSOrthoamphilho1c,JH.hSton/t

oIiong-\ed hemnmilUneitlCelltCe iII ( 'warette Smoke. II. //. SI t

ti', /1. BWQt/cv\, .1. 1). Hom ma i

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS LEONARD M. RIESER ROGER REVELLE MARGARET MEAD RICHARD H. BOLT EMILIO Q. DADDARIORetiring President, Chairman President President-Elect BARRY COMMONER EDWARD E. DAVID, JR.

CHAIRMEN AND MATHEMATICS (A) PHYSICS (B) CHEMISTRY (C) ASTRONOMY (D)SERT RE FJohn G. Kemeny Solomon J. Buchsbaum Milton Harris Ivan R. King

SECRETARIES Ol Truman A. Botts Rolf M. Sinclair Leo Schubert Arlo U. LandoltAAAS SECTIONS

PSYCHOLOGY (J) SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (L) ENGINEERING (M)Charles Cofer George J. Stigler Owen Gingerich Byron D. TapleyEdwin P. Hollander Daniel Rich George Basalla Paul H. Robbins

EDUCATION (Q) DENTISTRY (R) PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (S) INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION (T)1. Myron Atkin Howard M. Myers Louis P. Jeffrey Martin GreenbergerPhillip R. Fordyce Sholom Pearlman John Autian Joseph Becker

DIVISIONS ALASKA DIVISION PACIFIC DIVISION SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISIWilliam E. Davis Irma Duncan Robert C. Miller Robert T. Orr Joseph A. Schufle Max P. DunfordChairman, Executive Committee Executive Secretary President Secretary-Treasurer President Executive Officer

SCIENCE Is published weekly, except the last week in December, but wIth an extra Issue on the fourth Tuesday in November, by the American Association for the Advancement ofScience, 1515 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Now combined with The Scientific Monthl". Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Copyright © 1974 bythe American Association for the Advancement of Science. Member rates on request. Annual subscription $40; foreign postage: Americas $6, overseas: $8, air lift to Europe $20.Single copies $1 (back issues, $2) except Guide to Scientifi Instments which is $4. School year subscription: 9 months $30; 10 months $33.50 Provide 6 weeks notice for changeof address, giving new and old address and zip codes. Send a recent address label. Science is Indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature.

209

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION rOR THE ADVANCEMENT or SCIENCE

M icrowave Hearing: Evidence for 1 hermoacoiustic Auditory St imulatiotn hyPuLlsed Microwaves: K. R. Foster and E. 1). Fi.tch ..................... 256

Surftace Electronic Properties of Tungsten. Tungsten Carbide. anld Platintum:.1. F. Houston. G. E. Laran7iore. R. L. Park .............................. . 258

SiluLrian Trilete Spores and Spore Tetrads from Gotland: Their Implications tborLand Pla.nt Evolution: J. Grav. S. Laijfehl. A. J. Bouicot ..... ................. 260

Lassa Virus Isolation from Mastoom vs natalenisis Rodents during an Epidemic inSierra Leone: I. P. Motnath et al..................................... 263

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone: Regional Distribution in Rat Brain:A. Winiokiur and R. D. Utiger ............................................ 265

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Specific Nuclei of Rat Brain:M. J. Browvstein et all ........................................ 267

Lectins: A Possible Basis for Specificity in the Rhizobinim-Legullme RootNoduLle Symbiosis: B. B. Bohlool and L. L. Schmidt.269

Microbodies (Peroxisomes) Containing Catalase in Myocardium: Morphologicaland Biochemical Evidence: I'. Herzog and H. l). Faliii ...................... 271

Noise-Induced Reduction of Inner-Ear Microphonic Response: Dependenlce oniBody Temperature: D. G. Dr(seher....................................... 273

(iclation of Sickle Cell Hemiioglobini: Etfects of Hybrid Tetranmer Formliatiolnin Hemoglobin MixtUres: K. Aloffat ...... ............................... 274

F\trace!lular Acidesis Protects Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells anctd Rat ReenalCortex against Anoxic Injury: A. Peuittila and B. J. i'r1iup .................. 277

Adrenergic Innervation of the Parasympathetic Ciiliary Gainglioii ill the Chick:1). Cantino and F. Nigaii.....ii................................... 279

(ation Dependence of High-Atfinity Angiotenisiln I Binding to Adrenal CortexReceptors: H. Glovs,zmann, A. Bautkal. K. .1. Catt............................ . 281

I'e(Imli(allCo1,,metnt.v: Fthnic Classifica,tion of Mexicln-Americans: 1. L'. Red... ..... 283

MEETINGS SecodCat ('onferenie: R.

I.. I aotoi: [orihcominglF%.eniits ...........284

RUTH M. DAVIS CARYL P. HASKINS WILLIAM T. GOLDEN WILLIAM BEVANWARD H. GOODENOUGH CHAUNCEY STARR Treasurer Executive Officer

GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY (E) BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (G) ANTHROPOLOGY (H) COVERTerah L. Smiley Beatrice M. Sweeney ernice KaplanRamon E. Bisque Jane C. Kaltenbach Philleo Nash L-ioness. See page 284. D)can Barric.rk.MEDICAL SCIENCES (N) AGRICULTURE (0) :INtSTRIAL SCIENCE (P) Seattle. WashingtonSaul J. Farber Ned D. Bayley BbrSrasserRichard J. Johns J. Lawrence Apple o L SternSTATISTICS (U) ATMOSPHERIC AND HYDROSPHERIC GENERAL (X)John W. Tukey SCIENCES (W) Frederick SeitzEzra Glaser William R. Bandeen Joseph F. Coates

Stanley A. Changnon, Jr.

The American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorporated in1874. Its obct are to furthr the work of scientists, to fadlitate cooperation among them, toimprove the ctlon of science in the promotion of human welfae, and to increase public under-standing and appreciaton of the Importnce and promise of the methods of science in human progress.

19 July 1974. Volunie 185, Number 4147 SCIENCE:

AMERICAN ASSOCIA'IION FORTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCEScietice servcs its readers as a forum for the

presentation and discussion of important issuesrelated to the advancement of science, includingthe presentation of minority or conflicting pointsof view, raither than by publishing only material0i wNhiJh a conisensus has been reached. Accord-ingly, all articles published in Science-incliudingeditorials, n'ews and comment, and book reviews-ire signed and reflect the individtual views of the.ituthors and not official points of view atdopted bythe AAAS or the instittitions with which the authorsire atliliated.

Editorial Board1974

ALFRED BROWNJAMES F. CROWSEYMIOUR S. Ki:1mFRANK PRESS

FRANK W. PUIrNAMMSXINE F. SINGERCGORDON W(- NI%i%

1975IILRBERI S. JUIOWVSKYN. BRUCE HANNAYDONALD KENNEDYDANIvi E. KOSHLAND, JR.

DONAID I IND)SIRUTH] I'ATRICKR,\NsONi) H. THoslesoN

Editorial Staff

l'ilitor: Pim II' 1I. ABELSON

BIu.ineo.% Manager: IIANS NUSSBU5 NI

Managing Editor: ROBi RT V. ORNlES

Assi.tant Editor: E LL N E. NIURPH JOFHN E.RINGLI.

Assistanzts to the Elibor N,%NcY Ti IN1OURIANPARIRCIA ROW)vE

.'ews atnd C(oInmeni: JOHIN WALSH, LUI'HER J.CARII R, DiBl0oRAHl SHA'LILY, ROBERI GILLE1'IF, NICHO-LAS WADI, (CONSIANCL' lIOLDEN, BARBARA J. CULLITON.SCHLRRAINI MACK

Researchl Neiv ALLLN 1. HANtNIOND, WILLIANMI). Mt.iz, TH_OMAS H. MAUG1 11, Ji AN l MARX,ARIIIUR l ROBINSON, ()INA BARI Kolsi'.S

BiooIk Reviewsi.: KA ILRINL L IVINS I(ON. ANN O'BRIEN

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Editorial A o.sistants: MIAR(IARE I ALLEN, 1SABELLAtBOULDIN, ELLANORE BUIz, MARY DORFMAN, SYLVIAI-BERiiARU, JUDITII GIVEILBER, CORRINE HARRIS, NANCYIIARI NAGEL, OLIVLR HEATWOLE, CHRISlINE KARLIK,MARGARE-i LLOYD, ERIC POG(;ENPOHL, JEAN ROCKWOOD,L1AH RYAN, Lois SCHiMITII, MICHAEL SHIWARTZ,RICHSARD SFSN11K1,S0, Ys t-I S%VWIGARI, ELEANoR WARNER

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MAfmenhrdiip Recruitienit: G,S'ENDOL)'N HUDDLE;u.54cription Rc ords ati(l Mlember Records: ANNRAG,I AND

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T'argets

The tarigeting ot rcsearch has always, beeni \with uIs, but it has latelybeconme a more iiisistenit themile. This stenms, in part, from the demandsof ani increasinigly informed public which looks to science for the promptsolution of an array of troublesomile problems. As the fraction of thefederal bLidget assigined to research anid development in health, ecology,energy, space. and malny other areas of science has increased, the tax-paying citizen has properly exhibited increasing interest in the selectionof specific aLreas in which research is to be pursuLed. The taxpayer paysthe piper and with sonie justification demrands, if not to call the tuine.at least to contribuIte to the cacophony.The word 'target" is one of a nulmber of terms derived from the

military which have beeni adopted by science, perhaps as a consequenceof the shotgun mnarriage between scientist and soldier which took placeduring World War 11. Other military words and phrases now some-what incongruously buIt firmly fixed in the scientist's jargon are "strategy"and "task force."A target, we may take it, is a special kind of ai goal. It is well defined

and clearly visuLalized, falling within the direct line of sight of the eyeor, at the very least, of the mind's eye of the observer. He knows before-hand what the target looks like and has ways of ascertaining whethera hit has beeni scored. He need only nilLster his task force, assemble hisanmmunition, deterniine his strategy, alid banig away.

Yet, targets alre someitimes deceptive. Occasionally they may proveto be mirages. Not infrequently the map is inaccurate or is misread.The judglnent of tatrget si7e and distanice maly be erroneous, the estimateof Miunition needs may be faulty. As in war, so in science one of themost ditficult jLidginienits the investigator is called upon to make is theselectioni of' a target towaro the coinquest of which he will dedicate hisresources.

Fronm the pages of history comiies ani atnecdote that may prove illustra-tive. DLuring the War of 1 81 2. an arm of the British Royal Navy wascruisiig in Chesapeake Bay. At dusk on the eveninig of 10 August 1813,the ships approached the harbor of the modest fishing village of St.Michaels, on the Easterii Shore of Maryland. The British command,sensing that it had found a vuilnerable target, ineglected to send a spyashore to case the joilnt. It therefore did not learn that the villagers.aware of their peril, had all agreed to extingLlish every light in thevillage and hang all available lanterns on the branches of trees in anearby forest. The ruse worked niagnificently, and all night long theBritish ships lobbed cannonballs, miiost of which fell harmlessly amongthe trees. St. Michaels is knowin to this day as "The town that fooledthe British."The morals of this tale are selt-evidenlt.I ) The idenitificatloni of the proper target niay be niore difficult than

is generally SLupposed.2) Aimitig at the wroilg target calil hc enormIioLlsly costly in terms of

a rnininitioni alid other resources.3) In selectilig a target, one should secure arid study the latest and

niost sophisticated available inforniation. This conclusion is equally truewhether the target lie military or scientific.-DEWITT STETTEN, JR.,DeputY Director for .Scitii,. National Invistitltes of Health, Bethesda.Na,r land 20014I