judo - cardiac functioning_2

8/6/2019 Judo - Cardiac Functioning_2

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AIMS

Explore the relationship between structure

and function of the heart.

Examine the cardiac cycle. Determine the factors that contribute to the

passage of blood.

Examine how cardiovascular systemsphysiology are integrated.


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Structure of the heart


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The cardiac cycle


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During the cardiac cycle

heart valves open and

close in response to

differences in blood

pressure on their two

sides.

Anterior view Left lateral view

Principles of cardiac cycling


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There are three distinct

phases to the

cardiac cycle.

1. Ventricular filling

2. Ventricular systole

3. Isovolumetric

relaxation


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Blood flows passivelyinto the atria through

the open AV valves,

and into the ventricles

where the pressureis lower.

The atria contract

forcing the remaining

blood into theventricles.


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Isovolumetric

contraction:

Ventriclescontract and intra-

ventricular pressure

rises, closing the AV

valves.


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Briefly the ventricles

are completelyclosed chambers.


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Ventricular ejection:

Rising ventricular

pressure forces the

semilunar valves

open. Blood is ejected

from the heart.


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Isovolumetric

relaxation: Ventricles

relax and ventricular

pressure drops. Blood

backflows, closing the

semilunar valves.Ventricles are tightly

closed off again.

To the lungs


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Meanwhile the atria

have been filling with

blood. When atrialpressure exceeds

ventricular pressure AV

valves open and the

ventricular filling begins

again.


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Both atria contract at

the same time and bothventricles contract at

the same time.


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Cardiac output

Cardiac output (Q) is the amount of blood

pumped out by each ventricle in one

minute.

Cardiac output is directly related to stoke

volume (SV) and heart rate (HR)

Q (L.min-1) = HR (bpm) x SV (ml.b-1)


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70 ml

70ml

Stroke volume is

the amount of

blood pumped by

each ventricle witheach heart beat.

SV = the

difference

between enddiastolic volume

and end systolic

volume

EDV=amount ofblood in each

ventricle at the

end of diastole

(relaxation)

ESV=amount ofblood in each

ventricle at the

end of systole

(contraction)


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Circulatory blood flow


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Lumen

Tunica

Intima

Tunica

media

Tunica

adventitia

Blood vessel structure


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Arteries, veins and capillaries


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Blood pressure and circulation


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Systemic pathway of blood


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Venous valve

Venous valve

To heart

Venous valvesHinge like flapsformed from the

tunica intima.

Most abundant

in the limbswhere the

upward flow of

blood is

opposed by

gravity.

One-way valves

prevent

backflow.


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Venous muscular pump

To heart

Contracting

skeletal musclespush against the

veins.

Blood is forced

through one-way venous

valves.


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Summary

judo - cardiac functioning_2

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