judicial branch article 3 of the constitution
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Judicial Branch Article 3 of the Constitution. Unit 5 Vocabulary. The United States court system based on Federalism. The two court systems are: Federal State. Dual Court System. The 4 levels of the VA state court system. SACD. SAD. The organization of the federal courts - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Judicial BranchArticle 3 of the Constitution
Unit 5 Vocabulary
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Dual Court
System
Federal
Courts
State Court
s
The United States court system based on Federalism.
The two court systems are:1.Federal2.State
Dual Court System
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The 4 levels of the VA
state court system
VA Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
Circuit Court
District Court
SACD
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U.S. Supreme Court
U.S. Court of
Appeals
U.S. District Court
SAD
The organization of the federal courts• Supreme Court• Appeals Court• District Court
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Judicial review
• The power of the Supreme Court to strike down a law as unconstitutional.
• Established in the case of Marbury v. Madison
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• The authority of a court to hear a particular type of case
• The geographic area in which a court has authority to hear cases.
Jurisdiction
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Original jurisdiction
A court’s authority to be the “first point of entry” into the court system for a particular
kind of legal case.
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Appellate jurisdiction
• The authority of a court to hear an appeal of a case from a lower court.
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appeal
To ask a higher court to review a case already heard in a lower court.
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Marbury v Madison
•Established the principal of judicial review
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Supreme Court
Hears appeals from state courts and lower federal courts
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Court of Appeals
Hears appeals and reviewsDecisions made in the U.S. District Court
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District Courts
Hears cases involving:• People from different states• Disputes between states themselves• The Constitution and Constitutional rights• Violations of federal laws
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Justices
Judges that serve at the U.S. Supreme Court or the
Virginia Supreme Court.
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The constitutional requirement that the government must follow fair
rules in a fair manner Due process is guaranteed
by the 5th and 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Due Process
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This amendment to the U.S. Constitution says the national government cannot deny any
citizen due process of law.
Fifth Amendment
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justiceFairness or proper treatment under the
law
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Week 2Vocabulary
Criminal and Civil Cases
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A serious crime such as murder, kidnapping or armed robbery
Felony
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misdemeanor
A less serious crime or violation of law that carries a maximum sentence of no more than one
year in jail
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Civil Law
A legal case in which one party (person) sues another party in a disagreement, andasks the court to settle the disagreement
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Criminal Law
A case in which the government accuses an individual of breaking the
law
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compensation
Something-often money- given someone or some group to make up for a harm that was done to them, in order to “set things right”
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In a civil case, money being sought by a person or group to compensate them for a wrong or injury
done to them by another person or
group.
Damages
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prosecution
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defendant
In a trial, the person accused of a crime or the person being sued
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plaintiff
• In a civil case: the person or group bringing the case to court
• In a criminal case: the plaintiff is the government bringing charges against the accused criminal
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accused
A person that is being charged with a crime or wrongdoing
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14th amendment
Protects and extends citizens’ rights by requiring state governments to follow the
principle of due process of law.
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arraignment
Calling into question or finding faultIn a criminal case the accused person goes to
court to hear what the charges are against them and they plead either innocent or guilty
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plea
In a criminal case, the person accused is asked to enter a plea (declare) if they are
guilty or not guilty
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verdict
The finding or answer of a jury given to the court concerning a matter left to their
judgment
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The level of evidence needed to make an arrest or get a search warrant. The evidence must be
more than just suspicion, but does not have to be absolute proof that the person committed the crime.
Probable Cause
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Magistrate
May issue warrants, subpoenas, arrest warrants and summons and set bail