judicial branch
DESCRIPTION
Judicial Branch. The Supreme Court. Powers of Supreme Court. Judicial Review Interpreting Laws Review any federal, state, or local law/action for constitutionality Nullify or cancel laws found unconstitutional. Supreme Court. 9 Justices Chief Justice + 8 Associate Justices. Jurisdiction. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Judicial Branch
The Supreme Court
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Powers of Supreme Court• Judicial Review• Interpreting Laws• Review any federal, state, or local law/action for constitutionality• Nullify or cancel laws found unconstitutional
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Supreme Court• 9 Justices• Chief Justice + 8 Associate Justices
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Jurisdiction• Original Jurisdiction:• Diplomats from foreign countries• Disputes between states
• Final authority in cases involving:• Constitution• Acts of Congress• Treaties with other nations
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Organization and Duties• 8 associate justices led by chief justice• Congress sets this number & has power to change it
• Duty to hear & rule on cases• Choose cases to hear from thousands appealed yearly• Decide on case• Issue decision – Court’s opinion
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Selecting the Justices• Presidential appointment• Influenced by:
• Attorney General & other Justice Depts• Supreme Court Justices• American Bar Association• Interest Groups – labor & civil rights groups
• Approved by Congress• Can be rejected based on:
• Doubts on qualifications• Legal philosophy
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Background of Justices• All have been lawyers• Political support with presidents ideas
• Thurgood Marshall - 1967• Sandra Day O’Connor - 1981
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Powers of the Court• Legislative & Executive branches must follow Supreme Court rulings• Removed from politics & special-interest groups
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Marbury v. Madison (1803)• http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/marbury-v-madison-
establishes-judicial-review
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Marbury v. Madison (1803)• Judiciary Act 1789 – gave Court power of judicial review for acts of
state governments• 1803 - Are powers of Congress constitutional?
• First time Supreme Court determines federal law unconstitutional
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Marbury v. Madison• John Marshall’s opinion sets forth principles of Judicial Review:
• Constitution is supreme law of the land• Conflict with law? CONSTITUTION RULES• Judicial branch has duty to uphold Constitution
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Limits on Supreme Court• Depends on enforcement by executive branch, and state & local
officials. (Worcester v. Georgia)• Congress can change law ruled unconstitutional• Try to undo court rulings by adopting new amendment• Court can only hear and make rulings on cases that come to it.