judges and united monarchy
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Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview. 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400- 1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon reigns 930 – Kingdom divides. Historical Overview. Israel . Egypt. Egypt’s New Kingdom = ca. 1550 – 1100 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Judges and United Monarchy
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Historical Overview1446 – Exodus1406 – ConquestCa. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges1010-970 – David reigns970-930 – Solomon reigns930 – Kingdom divides
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Historical OverviewIsrael
1446 – Exodus1406 – ConquestCa. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges1010-970 – David reigns970-930 – Solomon reigns930 – Kingdom divides
EgyptEgypt’s New Kingdom = ca. 1550 – 1100
After Ramses II (1290– 1224), slow decline
Egypt’s Intermediate Kingdom (1100—730)Kushites rule over Egypt (730—670)Assyrians rule over Egypt (670-612)
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Historical OverviewIsrael
1446 – Exodus1406 – ConquestCa. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges1010-970 – David reigns970-930 – Solomon reigns930 – Kingdom divides
Philistines (Sea Peoples)
Originally from Europe (Greece?)Invaded Cyprus, Crete, Egypt, and Palestine ca. 1200—11001175 – invasion of Egypt; defeated by the EgyptiansAfter 1175, settled in Palestine
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Philistines
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Philistines
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Philistines
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Philistines
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Philistines
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PhilistinesEarly references to “Philistines”
Gen 21:32–34; 26:1, 8, 14–15; and in Exod 13:17; 15:14; 23:31
Differences between “early” and “later” Philistines?1. “Early” Philistines are friendly; later
Philistines are hostile.2. “Early” Philistines live in Gerar under a
king; later Philistines live in 5 cities, in a confederation, under “lords”
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PhilistinesWhere did these “early” Philistines come from? 1. Error in the text. Author was confused2. Anachronism.
• Early people called something else; occupied same area as later Philistines
3. Early migration of “Sea People” • Pre-1200 evidence of people from Aegean area• “ample archaeological evidence of Aegean contact
with the Levant as early as the third millennium BC” (John Wenham)
• Aegean trade in 1900-1700 BC and objects of Aegean origin at Hazor and Megiddo.
Sum: Early migration of “Sea People” of similar origin.
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PhilistinesVery powerful from 1150-1000
Time of Samson, Saul, DavidMatches the biblical record
Philistine “Pentapolis”Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath, and Gaza
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Philistine Pentapolis
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Philistine Pentapolis
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PhilistinesPhilistine power began to wane around 1000 B.C. Pentapolis was crushed by David; semi-independent rule by Philistine citiesLater, formed an alliance with Egypt, Edom, and Arabs (cf. Amos 1:6–8; 2 Chr 21:16–17)Came under Assyrian rule (ca. 734 B.C.)
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Philistine CultureVery advanced
TechnologyArtMilitary Weaponry
Loved to partyLoved beer and wineWell-managed breweries and wineriesDrank in large quantities
Religion: Similar to CanaanitesBaal, Ashtorah, Dagon and others.
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Philistine Culture
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Philistine Culture
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Philistine Culture
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Philistine Culture
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Philistine Culture
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PhilistinesMost of what we know from the Bible matches what we have found in archaeology and historyThe difficulties (“early” vs. “later” Philistines) are easily solved.