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Judaism
Judaism Over the Centuries
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Revolt, Defeat, and Migration
After Romans conquer, Israelites argue amongst themselves
Many Jews are sick of foreign rulers
Attempt to regain control of themselves
Trying to rebuild the Kingdom of Israel
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Revolt Against Rome
Zealots spring up
Zealots – most rebellious people
Zealots felt they should answer to God only
Not Romans
66CE – Zealots lead Jews in a Revolt
Not successful
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End of Revolt
70CE – Romans destroy Second Temple
Jews lose will to fight and surrender
73CE – Romans capture Zealots at Masada, which officially ends Revolt
Romans killed many Jews
Took many surviving Jews to Rome to be slaves
Romans took over Jerusalem
Jewish Migration - Many Jews moving out of Jerusalem
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/images/masada.jpg
A Second Revolt
130sCE – Jews launch a second revolt
Romans defeat them again
After 2nd revolt, all Jews banned in Jerusalem
Leads to more intense migration
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History Textbook
Rabbis
Now synagogues are more important
Rabbis become more important
Rabbi – Jewish Religious Teacher
Responsible for interpreting and teaching the Torah
One of the most important Rabbis was Yohanan ben Zaccai
Taught and influenced other Rabbis
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Discrimination
Many Jews moved all over the world
Not always by choice
They moved to Asia and Europe
Jews all over the world
Rather than concentrated in their homeland
Jews found themselves discriminated against
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Cultural Traditions
Jews everywhere share the same basic beliefs
However, there are differences some places
Eastern Europe – Ashkenazim
Developed their own language (Yiddish)
Separated from their non-Jewish neighbors
Western Europe – Sephardim
Developed their own language (Ladino)
Mixed with non-Jewish neighbors
Golden Age of Jewish Culture (1000-1100CE)
Hanukkah Hanukkah falls in December
Honors rededication of Second Temple
During time of Maccabees
Story of Hanukkah They wanted to celebrate a great victory about being allowed to keep
their religion. During the ceremony, there was not enough oil to perform the entire ritual. Miraculously, the oil they had (enough for only one day) burned for 8 days!
Jews celebrate this day by lighting a Menorah
They also exchange gifts on those eight days
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Passover
Passover is a very important Jewish holiday
Falls in either March or April
Passover is a celebration of the Exodus
A legend of Passover:
The Hebrews left Egypt so fast that the bakers did not have enough time to let their bread rise. Therefore, Jews eat a flat bread known as matzo. They also eat a Seder meal, which is a traditional meal when they remember the Exodus.
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High Holy Days
High Holy Days are the two most sacred days of the Jewish year
Take place in either September or October
Rosh Hashanah celebrates Jewish New Year
Yom Kippur is the holiest day of the year
Jews ask God to forgive them of their sins
Sin – something you did that was wrong
They fast all day – no food or drink
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