Major Religions of the world

Major Religions of the worldJudaism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism

MonotheisticMeans belief in only one deityDeity = God (Supreme Being)Most common form of religion throughout the worldBig three include Judaism, Christianity, and IslamShare roots and common foundersAlthough very different, all three are relatedPiety= faith

PolytheisticMeans belief in more than one deityMajor Religions include Hinduism (Kind of)Ancient religions of Greece, Norse, Egypt, and Rome fit into this categoryAncient Greek and Roman deities Were almost identical, even mythical heroes were the sameHercules vs. HeraclesSome subtle differences and one really big difference Subtle Names were changed Order was changed according to who was most importantBigPurpose for religion was changedGreeks it was for socialize or teach proper behaviorRomans it was for function

HinduismComplex religionContains a wide variety of different aspects including mono and poly theismDevas (gods Vishnu, Brahma, Siva), tman, and BrahmanDevas are considered heavenly beingstman is the individuals true selfBrahman Supreme spirit (Where Vishnu, Brahma, Siva, Shakti come in)4 main divisionsVaishnavism, Shaivism, Smartism, Shaktism Also Yoga (physical and mental meditation), and Monastism Karma and Dharma Karma (action or deed) moral law of cause and effectDharma is ones righteous duty (responsibility) as well as their rightsReincarnationBelief that after death you will be rebornFollows a class systemScriptures Bhagavad Gita Vedas (Vedic Texts)MahabharataRamayana

MapBuddhism Siddhartha GautamaLocal nobility who became a monk gained enlightenment through the Four Noble TruthsBecame the BuddhaFour Noble TruthsNature of SufferingSufferings OriginSufferings Cessation The Way (Eightfold path)Eightfold PathMust have the right: View, Intention, Speech, Action, Livelihood, Effort, Mindfulness, ConcentrationGoal is to achieve Nirvana (absence of suffering or enlightenment) Many different schools MaharayaTheravedaTibetenZen

Buddhism

HomeworkRead Chapter 19 Section 2Answer questions 1-4 allRead Chapter 19 Section 3Answer questions 1-3 all

Judaism First true monotheistic religionInformation on them comes from the Torah (Hebrew Bible)The Hebrews early history began in Canaan and ended when the Romans forced them out of IsraelJewish beliefs in God, justice, proper actions, and law anchor their societyJewish sacred texts describe the laws and principles of JudaismTraditions and holy days celebrate the history and religion of the Jewish people

Judaism HistoryAccounts written by Hebrew scribes describe their early history and the laws of Judaism, the Hebrews religion.Hebrews under Abraham settled in Canaan about 2100 BC.Some Hebrews later moved to Egypt, where they were enslaved.About 1200 BC Moses led his people in a journey out of Egypt called the Exodus.The Kingdom of Isreal was established with SaulExpanded under David and SolomonLater Israel was divided into two kingdoms, Israel and Judah.Both kingdoms fell to invaders by 586 BCSome Jews returned, but were eventually conquered by the Romans who killed, enslaved, or drove away much of the Jewish population.

Kindness and fairness in dealing with all other peopleOne GodJusticeDoing what is properMost important are the Ten CommandmentsMosaic law, recorded by Moses, guides many areas of Jews daily lives. (613 to be exact)LawThe belief in one and only one God is called monotheism.The Jews believed they were Gods chosen people.RighteousnessMajor Beliefs

TextsTorahMost sacred text of JudaismFive books containing most of the ancient Jewish lawsAlso contains history of the Jewish people until the death of MosesTanach Also called the Hebrew BibleFirst part: TorahSecond part: Eight books of messages of the Hebrew prophetsThird part: Eleven books of poetry, songs, stories, lessons, and history, with Psalms and ProverbsTalmudExplanations of the Torah and laws by scholars and rabbis, or religious teachers

Jewish Holy DaysHanukkah (December)Ancient Jews celebrating a victory witnessed lamp oil for one day miraculously burn for eight full days.Today Jews light candles on eight-armed menorahs and exchange gifts to celebrate the event.Passover (March or April)Celebrates the Exodus from EgyptHigh Holy Days (September or October)Rosh Hashanah: start of a new year in the Jewish calendarYom Kippur: Jews ask God to forgive their sins.

HomeworkRead Chapter 6 Section 1Answer questions 1-4Christianity FoundationStarted as a Jewish sect (small following of another religion)Believed in following whom they believed as the son of God JesusMany people believe Jesus was the Messiaha great leader the ancient Jews predicted would come to restore the greatness of Israel.Jesuss life and teachings form the basis of a religion called Christianity.What we know of Jesuss life is contained in the Bible, the holy book of Christianity.

JesusJesus was born in a small town called Bethlehem at the end of the first century BC.Divine conceptionChristians believe God was Jesuss father.Jesus began to travel and teach when he was about 30, challenging the authority of political and religious leaders.In or around AD 30 they arrested and tried him. He was executed by crucifixion.Christians believe in Jesuss Resurrection, his rise from the dead three days after he was crucified.After the Resurrection, Jesus appeared to some groups of his disciples, or followers, and taught them about how to pass on his teachings.

Growth of ChristianityApostles12 men who were given special teachings by JesusClosest followers PeterBecame the leader of Christianity after the death of their leaderPaulPaul of TarsusOne of the strongest forces for the spread of Christianity Starting in Jerusalem traveling through Turkey and ItalyBibleMade up of the writings of the Apostles called GospelsMathew, Mark, Luke, and JohnGrowth of the ChurchGrew by leaps and boundsFilled in the power vacuum from the fall of the Roman Empire Set up a TheocracyGovernment based on a religionEarly Christian communities were led by Bishops

TeachingsActsAccording to the Bible, Jesus performed miracles.Miracles are events that cannot normally be performed by a human.The New Testament says that people became Jesuss followers after seeing him perform miracles.Parables Parables are stories that teach lessons.Jesus taught using parables.Through parables, Jesus linked his beliefs and teachings to peoples everyday lives.MessageLove GodLove all people, even your enemiesSalvation, the rescue of people from sinHow people can reach Gods kingdom

Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox (First Great Schism)Roman CatholicEastern Orthodox Follow the Bishop of RomeCalled the Pope (papa)Has had direct and profound influence throughout Europe, Asia, South America, and the Middle EastLargest following is in Europe and South America Follows a less beaurocratic form than the catholic churchPrimarily found in Russia, Eastern Europe, and the Mediterranean. Broke with the Romans based on political ideals not ideologicalProtestantsProtestant ReformationBegan with Martin LutherBroke from the Catholic church in the 16th centuryMartin LutherStarted it all with the 95 Thesis Abuses of the Catholic Church Indulgences, bad popesProtestantismNew branch of ChristianityBreaks off into so many different denominations

HomeworkRead Chapter 6 Section 2Answer Questions 1-4

Islam Foundations Started by a man named MuhammadHis teachings are said to be directly from God (Allah) Has more of a militaristic foundation than ChristianityShares the same roots as Judaism and ChristianityCall Abraham the father of the religionSame basic concepts

MuhammadBorn around 570 in Mecca.Was a merchant for the first part of his lifeBecame concerned about the abuses of the poor Angel spoke to Muhammad.The messages that Muhammad received forms the basis of the religion called Islam. In Arabic, the word Islam means to submit to God.Muslims, or people who follow Islam, believe that God chose Muhammad to be his messenger to the world. Three main teachingsOnly one GodAll believers were like familyBe kind to the poor and unfortunate

QuranMessages received by Muhammad were collected in the Quran, the holy book of Islam.Exact word of God as it was told to Muhammad. Central teaching is that there is only one GodAllahand that Muhammad is his prophet.People who have obeyed his orders will be granted life in paradise. People who have not obeyed God will suffer.Describes Muslim acts of worship, guidelines for moral behavior, and rules for social life.

Others are implicit: Understood though not clearly put into wordsImplies that slavery should be abolished, so many Muslim slaveholders chose to free their slavesSome guidelines are explicit: Fully revealed without vaguenessHow a person should prepare for worship, and what they should not eat or drinkJihad: to make an effort, or to struggleRefers to the inner struggle to obey God, the struggle to defend the Muslim community, or to convert people to Islam; also, holy war mis-interpretedExplicitImplicitJihadGuidelines of BehaviorFive Pillars of Islam

Five PillarsShahadahProfession of faith that there is only one God and that Muhammad is his prophetSalahMust pray 5 times a dayZakahGiving alms to the needy (charity)Sawm (Saum)Fasting during the month of RamadanHajjPilgrimage to Mecca Beyond the Quran and PillarsSunnah Contains examples of Muhammads actions and teachings that form the basis for rules about how to treat others.The Shariah (Islamic Law)Quran and the Sunnah form the basis of ShariahAll actions fall on a scale ranging from required to accepted to disapproved to forbidden.Islamic law makes no distinction between religious beliefs and daily life.Today most Muslim countries blend Islamic law with legal systems like those in America or western Europe.

Sunni and ShiaSunniDominant groupMost Muslims are SunniDoes not believe that the leader of Islam has to be of direct descent of MuhammadShiaMinority GroupOnly real influence is in IraqOnly about 10% of the Muslim populationBelieve that the leaders of Islam should be of blood relation of MuhammadImamsHomeworkRead Chapter 7 Section 2 Answer Questions 1-2 all and 3aReligious Review TermsGospel (C)Reincarnation (H)Nirvana (B)Paul of Tarsus (C)Siddhartha Gautama (B)Vishnu (H)Jihad (I)Karma (H)Polytheism (H)Monotheism (C,J,I)

Qur'an (I)Torah (J)Four Noble Truths (B)Eightfold Path (B)Righteousness (J)High Holy Days (J)Shahadah (I)Hajj (I)Messiah (C)Sunni (I)Possible Essays1: Write two statements that Jews, Muslims, and Christians would agree on and two that they would disagree on. Explain why or why they would agree with those statements.2: Explain the term Jihad and its two distinct definitions. Also explain why it is a misinterpreted term and one that is used to commit violence.3: Explain the process of reincarnation according to Hinduism. Make sure you include the concepts of dharma, karma, and atman in your discussion. A: High Holy Days

B: Yom Kippur

A: Definition (2 Sentences)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B: Definition (2 Sentences)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Information Can Be Found:

Judaism: Chapter 6 Section 1

Christianity: Chapter 6 Section 2

Islam: Chapter 7 Sections 1-2

Hinduism: Chapter 19 Section 2

Buddhism: Chapter 19 Section 3