Judaism and ChristianityJudaism and Christianity

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Word AttackWord AttackScriptureTanachCovenantMonotheismSacrificePatriarch

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Important decisionsImportant decisionsHow do we decide what is fair and

unfair?What is being good?What is happiness?How important are humans in the

universe?All of these questions are asked when

people are looking for the meaning of life.

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The CovenantThe Covenant2 Major Religions Started in the

Middle East◦Judaism◦Christianity

Thousands of years agoThese two religions give answers

to the fundamental questions about meaning and life.

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ScriptureScriptureScripture

◦Sacred Writings that are believed to be the word of God

Jews◦Tanach- Old Testament◦Torah-First Five books of Moses

Christians◦Bible- New and Old Testament

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The TanachThe TanachJewish Scripture

◦ Laws- 10 commandments◦ Poetry- Psalms and Proverbs◦ History-◦ Letters-◦ Legends

Purpose of writings to show how God deals with people and how we should live

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JudaismJudaismFirst book of the bible

◦Genesis –The beginningAbraham

◦3500 years ago◦Lived in Ur◦Moved his family from Ur to Canaan

Marks the beginning of Judaism

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The CovenantThe CovenantA relationship in which two

parties agree to depend on each other

The covenant between Abraham and God is called the Abrahamic Covenant

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The Abrahamic CovenantThe Abrahamic CovenantGod promises to Abraham

◦Father of a great nation◦Promise of land

Abraham promises to God◦He and his descendents would

worship one god only and trust in him

Monotheism- the religious belief that there is only one divine being

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One God?One God?New idea thousands of years agoThere use to be a god for everythingAs a sign of the covenant

◦ Circumcision of male infants◦ 8 days old

The Abrahamic Covenant is the basis for the Jewish Religion

Most religions believe that God enters relationships with humans through covenants

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Life Before CovenantsLife Before CovenantsPeople made offerings to the

Gods◦Stay on Their good side

Shift in thinking that there was one God that would take care of everything.

This relationship personalizes God and help people to have purpose in life and to make decisions

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The TestThe TestAbram (100) and Sarai (90)were

getting old◦ They did not have any children

Name Change◦ Abram=Abraham (father of a multitude)◦ Sarai=Sarah (princess)

God told Abraham that Sarah was going to have a child and the child’s name should be Isaac.◦ He laughed

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The Test ContinuedThe Test ContinuedIsaac was born God tested Abraham

◦Sacrifice Isaac◦Story Time

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What do we learn from this What do we learn from this story (according to Christians story (according to Christians and Jews)?and Jews)?Abraham trusted completely in

GodGod provided a way for the

sacrifice to be madeEverything comes from GodSacrifices were given often

◦Usually the first of everythingGod keeps his promises

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Abrahamic CovenantAbrahamic Covenant“I will multiply thy seed as the

stars of the heaven and as the sand which is upon the sea shore” Gen 22:17-18

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Many DescendantsMany DescendantsAbraham

◦Isaac Jacob

Twelve Tribes of Israel

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First PatriarchFirst PatriarchPatriarch

◦A man who is a founder or father of a group of people

Abraham is remembered as the first Patriarch

Beginning of Judaism and their lasting covenant with God

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AbrahamAbrahamJews- the covenant begins with

AbrahamChristians- Good example of what

trust in God should be likeMuslims-Abraham’s son Ishmael

is where they descended from

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Word AttackWord AttackMosesHebrewsRed Sea Ten CommandmentsTorah

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EgyptEgyptEvery year the Nile River Floods

◦Irrigates the valley◦Egyptians are able to grow abundant

cropsHebrews went to Egypt to escape

a faminePharaoh enslaved them

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MosesMoses2nd book of the Old Testament or

Tanach◦ Exodus

Moses was chosen as the leader of the Hebrews and to deliver them out of slavery◦ Hebrew=Jew

Exodus means the escape◦ 3200 years ago

The Exodus is celebrated each year during the Passover

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More MosesMore MosesMoses plead with the Pharaoh to

let his people go.Pharaoh ignored Moses

◦Plagues 10 of them Swarms of Insects All cattle and livestock died Nile River turned to blood Death of the first born

Pharaoh’s son

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Death of the First BornDeath of the First BornAll Hebrews were warnedSmear blood of a lamb on

doorposts◦Angel of death would pass them by

Moses told the Hebrews to be ready to flee

All of the first born died in the unmarked homes

Pharaoh finally acquiesced

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Running AwayRunning AwayThe Hebrews weren’t fast enoughPharaoh decided he wanted them

backSo he chased themAll the way to the Red Sea

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The Ten CommandmentsThe Ten CommandmentsMoses called to go to the top of Mount

SinaiMoses came back with a message“Ye have seen what I did unto the

Egyptians, and how I bare you on eagles’ wings, and brought you unto myself. Now therefore, if ye will harken unto my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be mine own treasure. . . For all the earth is mine” Exodus 19:4-5

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The 10 CommandmentsThe 10 CommandmentsThe Hebrews agreed to the

covenantMoses went back up to the

mountainGiven the 10 CommandmentsPlaced in a special box

◦The Ark of the Covenant

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The Ten CommandmentsThe Ten Commandments1. Thou shalt have no

other gods before me

2. Thou shalt not make unto thee a graven images

3. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain

4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy

5. Honor thy Father and Mother

6. Thou shalt not kill7. Thou shalt not

commit adultery

8. Thou shalt not steal

9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor

10. Thou shalt not covet

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How do we remember How do we remember themthem

1. Noneno other gods2. ZooNo graven images3. TreeThe leaves have veinsDon’t take the Lord’s

name in vain4. StoreDon’t go to the store on

the Sabbath5. DriveYou need your parents

car

6. Six shooterDon’t kill7. HeavenDon’t commit adultery8. GateGates are made of bars

stealing puts you in prison

9. LineDon’t be lyin’10. HenDon’t covet anything

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The Ten CommandmentsThe Ten CommandmentsThe Ten Commandments give

basic rules about how people should treat their fellow beings and God.

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Additional Additional CommandmentsCommandmentsMoses also brought an additional set

of commandments◦ Detailed rules about how the Jewish people

should live and worship◦ The Torah=Books of Moses=Pentateuch

Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy

Contain what God showed Moses at Mount Sinai Torah=He taught Pentateuch=Five Scrolls

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The TorahThe TorahStories

◦Abraham◦Moses◦Adam and Eve◦Noah’s Ark◦10 Commandments◦Other rules 613 Mitzvah

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Abraham and Moses are the 2 most important figures in the Torah

Important in Jewish history◦Abraham—beginning of the covenant◦Moses—Led the Jews out of Egypt

and taught them the religion

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Word AttackWord AttackPhilistineProphetSolomonCyrusHanukkahMessiah

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Hebrews fought in many wars with the tribes that lived in Canaan.

King Saul at war with the Philistines◦Philistine-people of Southern

Palestine◦3000 years ago

David and Goliath

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DavidDavidDavid becomes the kingUnites all of the tribes Captured Jerusalem and made it

the capitolBrought peace to the landTalented musician.

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2323rdrd Psalm PsalmThe Lord is my Shepherd; I shall not want.

He maketh me to lie down in green pastures:He leadeth me beside the still waters.He restoreth my soul:He leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for His name' sake. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,I will fear no evil: For thou art with me;Thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me.Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies;Thou annointest my head with oil; My cup runneth over. Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life,and I will dwell in the House of the Lord forever.

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SolomonSolomonSon of DavidBuilds a temple in JerusalemSolomon DiesThe kingdom is split

◦North—Israel– capital Samaria◦South—Kingdom of Judah –Jerusalem

Northern Kingdom is invaded and most of the population disappears

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The Southern KingdomThe Southern KingdomJudahLasted 150 more yearsConquered by the King of

BabylonDestroyed Solomon’s TempleBabylonian Captivity

◦In exile—remained faithful to the covenant

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The ProphetsThe ProphetsThe Jews began to connect God’s

fairness with their expectations of themselves.

God is just and cares for othersGod is just and punishes the opposite

of caringThe message of the prophetsProphet

◦ In the Bible, a person who is inspired by God

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The prophets warned that the disasters that faced the Jewish kingdom were a punishment from God because of religious offenses and social injustices

Prophets pet peeve was the forgetting of the covenants◦False Idols

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Social InjusticesSocial InjusticesJews were expected to care for

others◦Widows◦Slaves◦Infirm◦Disabled◦Anyone else who might be in need of

aid

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During the time of Solomon◦ The gap between the rich and poor

increased◦ Solomon used the wealth to build a huge

temple for the Jews to worshipThe prophets told the rich that God

was angry because they weren’t taking care of the needy(Amos 5: 11-14)

AmosAssyria to punish the Jews for their

wickedness

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IsaiahIsaiahIsaiah prophesied

◦God will humble the arrogant kings◦All people would see the God of

Israel as the lord of creation◦There would be peace on earth◦All people would divert their energy

to peaceful activities instead of war.

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The Return to JerusalemThe Return to Jerusalem2500 years agoCyrus

◦King of Persia (Iran)Destroyed the Babylonian EmpireAllowed the Jews to return to

Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple.

The Jews were able to enjoy self rule under Persian protection

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Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great2,300 Years ago

◦Protected the Jews as well

Other Greek Speaking kings ruled the Jews for about 200 years

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HanukkahHanukkahOne king wanted to stamp out

Judaism◦Antiochus IV◦Tried to seize the wealth of the

Temple◦Tried to make the Jews worship Greek

Gods◦Insulted the Jews

Ordered a pig to be sacrificed at the temple

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HanukkahHanukkahThe Jews rallied around Judas

Maccabeus and his brothers◦Simeon, Eleazar, Jonathan◦Fought off king Antiochus IV and his

armies◦They succeeded and purified the

Temple and restored the worship of God

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8 Days

◦ Following the victory they found one Cruze of oil that had not been desecrated.

◦ Each cruze was suppose to be enough to light the eternal flame for 1 day

◦ The cruze lasted 8 days◦ 8 days was enough time to prepare and

consecrate new oil.Hanukkah- means to dedicate

Why the Jews celebrate Hanukkah

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Judas died in the battle

◦His family ruled Jerusalem for many generations

Roman power took over in Jerusalem◦Jews struggled for independence◦Regarded God as their ruler, not the

Romans◦The second temple is destroyed and

Jerusalem is left in ruins

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Hopes for the MessiahHopes for the MessiahIsaiah foretold of the MessiahMessiah- the anointed one; and agent

of God who comes to set things right for God’s people

Messiah=SaviorThe Messiah was to free Israel and

establish righteousness around the world

The more the Jews went through the more they looked forward to the Messiah

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Word AttackWord AttackGospelsDisciplesParablesBeatitudesCrucifixionResurrection

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The Life of JesusThe Life of JesusMost of what we have about the

life of Jesus was written down by his followers◦The New Testament◦First four books (the gospels)

Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.◦The Gospels

New Testament books that tell the life story of Jesus and explain his message

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According to the Gospels

◦Jesus was not an ordinary manStory Time

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John the BaptistJohn the BaptistCousin of JesusParents Zacharias and ElisabethThey were oldStory Time

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Jesus and John meet upJesus and John meet upJohn was living in the desert

◦ He ate locusts and honey◦ He told the people to repent of their sins

because the Messiah was coming.◦ He baptized those that believed in the

Jordan R.Jesus comes to John to be baptized.

◦ After he came up from the water Spirit of God descended on him like a dove A voice from heaven spoke: “This is my beloved

Son, in whom I am well pleased”

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Jesus is TemptedJesus is TemptedJesus went into the desert to prayHe fasted for 40 days and 40

nightsWhile he was fasting he was

tempted by the devil◦Stones to bread◦Worship him (Satan) and everything

would be his (Jesus) ◦Pinnacle of the temple Deut 6:16

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Jesus Leaves the DesertJesus Leaves the DesertJesus starts to gather a following

◦ Disciples-a follower of Jesus◦ Teaches publicly for 3 years◦ These teachings are found in the Gospels

How to turn to God How to live a moral life

Jesus would teach anywhere◦ Road sides, lake shores, towns, dinner

Jesus spent time with anyone◦ Tax collectors, diseased people and

outcasts

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Miracles of JesusMiracles of JesusMost of them involved curing sick

people◦ Healing the sick◦ Restoring sight and hearing◦ Bringing people back from the dead◦ Multiplying fish and bread

Miracles were used to benefit someone else and not to make Jesus famous

Sometime he was reluctant to do miracles

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ParablesParablesMany times Jesus taught in

parablesParable

◦A brief teaching story designed to make a moral point

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The Prodigal SonThe Prodigal Son

Jesus wanted people to pay more attention to helping their fellow humans than following correct ritual.

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The Two Great The Two Great CommandmentsCommandmentsA lawyer asked:

◦What is the most important of the Torah’s commandments

◦This was a subject that was very hotly debated

◦No win situation

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The Two Great The Two Great CommandmentsCommandmentsHis answer:

◦ “Thou shalt love Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself”

Both commandments were in the TorahAll of the prophets messages were

contained in these two commandments

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Sermon on the MountSermon on the MountMatthew 5-7

◦Beatitudes 8 types of people that are blessed

◦How to behave “Turn the other cheek” Love your friends and your enemies The Golden Rule

“Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”

The Lord’s Prayer

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The BeatitudesThe BeatitudesBlessed are the pure in heart,

For they shall see God. Blessed are the peacemakers,

For they shall be called sons of God. Blessed are you when they revile and

persecute you,and say all kinds of evil against you falsely for My sake.

Blessed are the poor in spirit, For theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

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Final Days in the Life of Final Days in the Life of JesusJesusEventually Jesus and His

followers went to Jerusalem◦Jerusalem was under Roman control◦Pontius Pilate

Jesus knew that there would be trouble

Celebrates the Passover◦Last Supper

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The Garden of The Garden of GethsemaneGethsemaneJesus is betrayed by one of his

Apostles◦Judas Iscariot

30 pieces of silver for the betrayal

◦Showed the priests who Jesus was with a kiss on the cheek

◦Jesus is arrested.

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TrialTrialFirst tried in a religious court of the

JewsSent to Pilate

◦ Condemned Jesus to death for saying that he was the king of the Jews Treason

Jesus is stripped, whipped and mocked◦ Placement of a crown of thorns◦ Nailed to a cross to be crucified

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CrucifixionCrucifixionA form of execution in which a

person is nailed or tied to a large cross.

Used frequently by the Romans◦Used for people that were guilty of

awful crimesAgonizing and Slow death (took

days)People usually died because their

lungs collapsed.

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Jesus died after a few hoursSome followers took him down and

buried him in a tomb3 days after his burial his body

vanishedRomans announced that the body had

been stolen by the followers of JesusThe followers of Jesus said that he had

risen from the dead and was exalted to heaven

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ResurrectionResurrectionResurrection-to be miraculously

brought back to lifeBelieved to have happened to Jesus

◦ Proves that he was not an ordinary man◦ Son of God

Followers insisted that he was the Messiah

Jesus Christ- the anointed one- messiah

A new covenant had begun.

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Word AttackWord AttackPaulEpistlesAtheistPerpetuaEdict of MilanCouncil of NiceaTrinity

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The Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of ChristianityOne of the most important teachings of

Jesus was that God wanted everyone to be with him in his kingdom◦ Not a new idea according to Jewish scripture◦ The time that Isaiah had prophesied about

was now◦ Jesus had begun the work and would return

soon◦ The kingdom is for all of the world

Not just the Jews

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Immediately after the death of Christ◦ His followers thought that the end was

coming very soon◦ Second coming to happen any moment

Missionary work begins◦ Work begins with the Jews

Not to accepting of the idea of Jesus Christ as the Messiah Caused many arguments and fights

◦ This is the separation into two religions◦ Still causes problems today

Hatred, oppression, and slaughter

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Word AttackWord AttackPaulEpistlesAtheistPerpetuaEdict of MilanCouncil of NiceaTrinity

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The Spread of ChristianityThe Spread of ChristianityChristianity began in Palestine

◦Followers began to travel and spread the word as they moved Alexandria-Egypt Damascus-Syria Antioch-Southern Turkey

Paul◦One of the most important early

Christians Story Time

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PaulPaulSaul

◦ Going to Damascus to find and arrest Christians

◦ Flash of Light◦ Voice

“Why persecutest thou me” “Who art thou”

“I am Jesus whom thou persecutest”

◦ The voice tells him to continue to Damascus

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The men with Saul didn’t see anything

but heard the voiceSaul was blind afterwardAnanias

◦ Told by the Lord to go to Saul◦ Ananias was afraid◦ Ananias laid his hands on Saul and he was

healedSaul becomes a Christian ---Paul

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Paul the MissionaryPaul the MissionaryPaul began to preach the Gospel of

Christ◦ Preach means to try and persuade people

Turkey, Syria, GreeceSuccessful at convincing the non-jews

to believe◦ Once a community was established he

would move on Epistles

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EpistlesEpistlesEpistles

◦The letters of early Christian leaders that form part of the New Testament and explain important Christian teachings

◦General Epistles James; 1st, 2nd Peter; 1-3 John; Jude

◦Pauline Epistles 14 of them

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What the Epistles ContainWhat the Epistles ContainAdvice on how to live good Christian livesReflections on the life of Jesus ChristWhat it means to believe in Jesus Christ

◦ Sacrifice of Jesus was for all◦ When you have faith in Christ you are born

again◦ Through baptism you acknowledge faith and

become part of the Christian community◦ True freedom◦ Cannot be obtained on our own◦ Faith is necessary

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The end of PaulThe end of PaulPaul was arrested for disturbing

the peaceTaken back to RomeExecutedPaul is responsible for the spread

of Christianity in the Roman Empire by setting up Christian communities where ever he went

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Christianity Becomes a Major Christianity Becomes a Major ReligionReligionEarly Christians were not well

liked by their contemporaries Ideas and practices were thought

to be strangeChristians were called atheistsatheists

◦They did not worship the pagan godsThey did not worship the pagan gods◦Someone who does not believe in Someone who does not believe in

any divine beingany divine being

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Views of Christians

◦ Antisocial◦ Poor Citizens◦ Others blamed the Christians for

everything Misfortunes Droughts Famines Military Defeats

◦ Accused of terrible crimes

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Christians were persecuted for

years by the Roman Government◦They did not worship the Roman

gods◦Did not see the Emperor as divine

Many of the Christians were killed or martyred because of their faith

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PerpetuaPerpetuaWomanNoble birthBorn in Carthage, North Africa200 years after ChristPerpetua, Felicity and Saturus

◦Arrested and condemned to death◦Perpetua and Felicity both had

infants◦No mercy

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They were whipped and killed by

wild beasts in the amphitheater◦Entertainment

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Despite persecution the number of Christians continued to increase.

Major religion by 3rd and 4th Centuries

313 Constantine◦Edict of Milan

The Christian Church can now legally exist in the Roman Empire

◦Christian Bishops in Rome Alexandrian and Atioch

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Early Church leaders continued to

write◦ Church Fathers

Saint Jerome Saint Augustine

How does God reveal truth unto us?How can we understand the teaching

of Jesus betterWho is Jesus

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Who is Jesus?Who is Jesus?GodManCombinationBothIf he is a God, then are there three

Gods?◦ The Father◦ Jesus ◦ The Holy Spirit

Are all three united in one?

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AnswersAnswersChristians relied on their bishops

for answers to those questionsDifferences AroseCouncil of Nicea

◦325 AD◦Constantine and the Bishops◦Idea of the Trinity Emerges

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The TrinityThe TrinityThe decision was that Christians

should believe in one GodTrinity

◦Father◦Son (Jesus Christ)◦Holy Spirit (the power of God in the

world)Nicene Creed

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Nicene CreedNicene Creed

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Christianity FlourishesChristianity Flourishes600 ADChristians had strong leadersCarefully reasoned beliefsFaith expressed through music and

prayersChurches aroseIt became illegal to be a PaganChristianity shapes western civilization

for all of its later history.

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Ideas about God and Ideas about God and HumanityHumanityJews

◦Torah God reveals himself to human beings The laws and commandments are

instructions

Christians◦Do not follow the directions of the

Torah God revealed himself through Jesus Christ

Following the teachings of Jesus brings eternal life

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Human NatureHuman Nature

Both religions teach that humans are in the image of God◦Human life is sacred

Jews believe people can recognize good and evil and choose between them

Christians◦Adam and Eve

Christians can only live a good life through grace

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Life After DeathLife After DeathJews

◦Disagree among themselves Belief in resurrection

Life after death is essential Some look forward to the Messiah

◦18 MillionChristians

◦There is life after death◦Those who have faith will go to heaven◦2nd coming ◦1/3 of the population

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