juan p. flores márgez, joel a. hernández e., nadia rodríguez m., marcos delgado r. manoj k....

AIR QUALITY DURING DUST STORMS IN JUAREZ, MEXICO

Juan P. Flores Márgez, Joel A. Hernández E., Nadia Rodríguez M., Marcos Delgado R. Manoj K. Shukla y Dave DuBois

Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (www.uacj.mx) New Mexico State University (www.nmsu.edu)

Las Cruces, NM, April 22 , 2013

http://www.nmsu.edu/

FloresMargez et al.2013. air quality symposium NMSU

Anthropogenic Natural

Sources of Soil Emission to Air


Dust sources (red points) detected through remoting sensors image and wind speed.

Rivera Rivera, N.I., Gebhart, K.A., Hand, J.L., Bleiweiss, M.P., and Fitzgerarld, R.M. 2009. Wind modeling of Chihuahuan Desert dust outbreaks. Atmospheric environment. 43, 347-354.


Pérez, S.A.L. 2008. Climatic analysis in Ciudad Juárez , and Juárez Valley, Chihuahua. Thesis of Bachelor, Biology Programa , UACJ.

FloresMargez et al.2013. air quality symposium NMSUIn addition to the natural emission of dust in the Juarez region, the

problem of the low air quality is very serious in Juarez City because almost 40% of its streets are unpaved roads, and exist 2 500 ha of uncover areas, old vehicles, and factories (IMIP, 2002).


Newspaper 2011. Wind reachs 80 km/hr


Juarez Airport closed as aResult of high wind and dustDuring March 18, 2012.


Dust storm during march 18, 2012 in El Paso, and JuarezArea.


SEMARNAT, PROAIRE (2006).

http://enhs.umn.edu/5103/particles/character.html


PROAIRE, 2006-2012. Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua.


•Emission of PM10 and PM2.5 are regulated by NOM-025-SSA1-1993: maximum limit value is 150 µg/m3 in 24 hours, and for chronic exposition is 50 µg/m3 as annual mean.

•US-EPA (2006) reduced the mean limit for emission of MP2.5 for the period of 24 hours from 65 to 35 µg/m3.

•Epidemiology studies have shown that existence of significant association between PM concentrations and adverse impacts on human health (WHO, 2000).

OBJECTIVES

To estimate the concentration of PM emitted to air in different places of the city and using two methods.

To quantify the PM dispersed at two heigth on the soil (1 and 2 m).

Analyze climatic conditions in special wind speed and direction.


HYPOTHESIS

As wind speed increases is expected a higher PM emission from soil to air, and PM concentration will be higher at 1 m than 2 m heigth

Sticky tape technique will detect more PM than the dust track instrument, because this last technique detects only the filter diameter installed as PM2.5


FloresMargez et al.2013. air quality symposium NMSUMaterials y Methods

2011

2012


Dust TrakInstrument


Wind speed for March, and April, 2011 in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua

Results


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

7-Mar 21-Mar 3 Abr 9 Abr 26 AbrMat

eria

l Pa

rtic

ulad

o (m

g / m

3

)

Fecha de Muestreo

Sitio 1

1m

2m

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

21-Mar 9 Abr 26 Abr 29 Abr

Mat

eria

l P

arti

cula

do (m

g / m

3

)

Fecha de Muestreo

Sitio 2

1m

2m

Average and standard deviation of PM detected with the sticky tapes technique at 1 and 2 m height in different sites of Juarez

Regulations: 150 ug/m3, Results 1,500 ug/m3


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

7-Mar 21-Mar 3 Abr 9 Abr 26 Abr 29 Abr

Mat

eria

l Pa

rtic

ulad

o (m

g/m

3)

Fecha de Muestreo

Sitio 3

1m

2m

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

21-Mar 9 Abr 26 Abr 29 Abr

Mat

eria

l P

arti

cula

do (m

g / m

3

)

Fecha de Muestreo

Sitio 41m

2m


RANGE OF PM DETECTED

2011

0 to 2.766±1.035 mg m-3

Range of PM measured in study:

1,800 a 2,700 µg m-3

2012

0 to 1.893±0.246 mg m-

3

Mexican Regulation,NOM-025-SSA1-1993:

150 µg m-3

RESULTS

The amount of PM detected with sticky tape technique resulted higher at 1 m height (0.698852±0.08537 mg/m3) than at 2 m height (0.599964±0.93615 mg/m3) but not significant difference was observed between the two height.

This was attributed to the high weight of large particules that are transported to low height and are retained by sticky tapes.

Sites 1 and 4 presented high PM retained at 1 m, while sites 2 and 3 was at 2 m height.


As wind speed and direction is very variable for each sampling site, it is obvious that significant differences can be observed among dates and places, during April the highest wind speed were observed.


FloresMargez et al.2013. air quality symposium NMSUConclusions

• During most of the eolic events of high intensity in arid areas of north Mexico, the PM values observed were 18 times higher than those indicated by the mexican regulations.

• The technique based on sticky tapes and rotorods, was considered practical, economic, and versatil for measurements of dust storms, the PM data detected was in the range of those observed with the dust trak instrument.


CONCLUSIONS…..

The PM values reflected low air quality in the area during dust storms, and negative effects on respiratory systems of people.

It is needed to continue doing measurements of PM emissions under different scenaries, climatic conditions and types of soils.

THANK YOU !!!


Contact: Dr. Juan Pedro Flores Márgez [email protected]://www.uacj.mx/docentes/juflores/Paginas/default.aspx.

Also the soil is in the air

mailto:[email protected]



http://www.uacj.mx/docentes/juflores/Paginas/default.aspx

juan p. flores márgez, joel a. hernández e., nadia rodríguez m., marcos delgado r. manoj k....

Documents

air slide

low air quality

kmhr slide

high pm

dust trak instrument

pm values

concentration of pm

range of pm