#jpsftpvsdft %jtbtufs1sfwfoujpoboe.jujhbujpo · jatropha oil that is compliant with east asia...

High-quality bio diesel manufactured from jatropha oil

Jatropha fruits

Jatropha tree

Bioresources

Using Non-food biomass as a biofuel feedstock that does not compete with food cropsThe utilization of biofuels in the transportation sector could help to mitigate global warming, but because of the risk that production

of biofuels derived from grains or vegetable oil will compete with food crops, there is a demand for manufacturing technologies

that exploit nonfood sources of biofuel. For this project we are cooperating with Thailand, which is the Asian automotive

production hub, to develop the production technologies of fuels from non-food biomass (Jatropha as a major feedstock), an

inedible plant. We are also conducting engine tests and developing the automotive utilization technologies,

as well as estimating CO2 emission reduction benefits through life cycle assessments.

Demonstrating automobile compatibility of high quality biodiesel through on-road tests

We performed on-road testing in Thailand (total 50,000 km) using biodiesel manufactured from

Jatropha oil that is compliant with East Asia Summit biodiesel quality recommendations, mixed into

mineral diesel at a 10 vol% inclusion rate (B10). The tests

successfully demonstrated the automobile compatibility of the

high quality biodiesel (“H-FAME”) manufactured by the project.

Principal Investigator Dr. YOSHIMURA Yuji / Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

=Innovation on Production and Automotive ��8WLOL]DWLRQ�RI�%LRIXHOV�IURP�1RQ�IRRG�%LRPDVV�

Reducing CO2 Emissions with Vehicle Biofuel Made from Nonedible Vegetable Oil

Disaster Prevention and MitigationSATREPS 2014


BioresourcesSATREPS 2014

Counterpart Institutions National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) / Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR) / King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB)

Collaborators Waseda UniversityResearch Period 5 Years Adoption Fiscal Year FY 2009

Pickup truck used for on-road testing (on-road durability tests) in Thailand

Pilot plant set up within TISTR to manufacture high quality

biodiesel (1 ton/day)Kingdom of Thailand

4342

Consider Action on Floods and Storm Surges to Break the Disaster-poverty Spiral in BangladeshPrincipal Investigator Prof. NAKAGAWA Hajime / Research Center for Fluvial and Coastal Disasters, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University

= Research Project on Disaster Prevention/Mitigation Measures against Floods and Storm Surges in Bangladesh =

Investigate measures using Japanese science and technology to prevent or mitigate %ood and storm surge damageBangladesh suffers significant damage due to flooding and storm surges, and this exacerbates poverty, further reducing the ability to counter such damage and generating a downward spiral. Preventing and mitigating damage is an urgent task. This project is attempting to produce flood and storm surge hazard maps, to propose measures to reduce damage from riverbank erosion and levee collapse, to develop warning and evacuation systems, and to work on predicting and taking action against flood-driven dispersal of harmful substances. The aim is to construct resilient local communities.

Learn resilience and disaster prevention to escape from the spiral of disaster and povertyProgress in this project will enable the authorities to incorporate scientifically grounded recommendations into their measures and plans. It is hoped that enhancing local ability to survey, analyze, and predict flood and storm surge damage will result in communities with local disaster prevention capabilities that are resilient to disasters. That would make it possible to break the disaster-poverty spiral.

Integrated warning system for volcanic disasters through multi-disciplinary cooperationIndonesia has 127 active volcanoes, and a high risk of multimodal sediment disasters due to volcanic eruptions. This project is attempting to develop an integrated observation system and simulators to mitigate various volcanic disasters, including lahar (mud flow), slope failure and dispersion of volcanic ash. By integrating systems such an early warning system of eruption, GIS multimodal sediment movement simulator, and airborne volcanic ash warning system, the

project aims to develop a decision making support system for multimodal sediment disasters.

Deploying a support system for decision making to mitigate complex volcanic disastersSuccessful development of the support system for decision making would enable the provision of information required by public sector disaster prevention entities for use in disaster prevention measures. There is also the potential to provide information directly to the public, including hazard maps, volcanic ash fall forecasts and sediment disasters.

Save Indonesian People from Volcanic DisastersPrincipal Investigator Prof. IGUCHI Masato / Sakurajima Volcano Research Center, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University

= Integrated Study on Mitigation of Multimodal 'LVDVWHUV�FDXVHG�E\�(MHFWLRQ�RI�9ROFDQLF�3URGXFWV�

Counterpart Institutions Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (PVMBG), Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources / Gadjah Mada University (UGM) / Research Centre for Water Resources (PUSAIR), Ministry of Public Work / Centre for Climate Change and Air Quality, Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), etc.

Collaborators University of Tsukuba / The University of TokyoResearch Period 5 Years Adoption Fiscal Year FY 2013

Counterpart Institutions Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), etc.

Collaborators University of Tokyo / Nagasaki University

Research Period 5 Years Adoption Fiscal Year FY 2013

Reducing Landslide Disasters that Block Sustainable Development across the CountryPrincipal Investigator Executive Director, Dr. SASSA Kyoji / International Consortium on Landslides�(ICL)

= Development of Landslide Risk Assessment ��7HFKQRORJ\�DORQJ�7UDQVSRUW�$UWHULHV�LQ�9LHW�1DP�

Finding a way to reduce landslide disasters is essential for national developmentVietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and other countries in the mountainous areas of the Greater Mekong Subregion are subject to frequent

landslide disasters caused by factors such as weak ground and heavy rain. Landslide disasters damage roads and other infrastructure, and are a pressing issue for national development plans. This project is attempting to develop technology for predicting landslide disasters, identify slopes with a landslide risk, assess hazard risks, and develop early warning systems, thereby contributing to sustainable development in Vietnam.

Formation of a disaster research network and monitoring of landslide disastersIn the mountainous area between north and south Vietnam, researchers have conducted landslide surveys along arterial roads and the national railway network to identify slopes for installation of monitoring instruments, procured the instruments and prepared for installation. A new high-stress landslide ring-shear simulator capable of simulating initiation and motion of large-scale landslides with a depth of 100m has already been successfully developed. In 2012-2013, seven engineers from Vietnam were invited and accepted to master and

doctor courses in Japan, and we have produced landslide teaching materials for training purposes. In 2012, a landslide network was established, with members being seven institutions in Southeast Asia. The project aims to develop landslide risk assessment technology, and to extend the landslide research network throughout the mountainous areas of the Greater Mekong Subregion.

Using simulations to visualize sea-bo"om observations and other research resultsThe Marmara Sea region has a high population density, and includes Istanbul, the center of Turkey’s economy. However, under the sea is there a seismic gap associated with a giant earthquake. Considering the level of damage caused by the 1999 Izmit earthquake in the neighboring region to the east, the risk in Marmara is large. Despite that risk, Turkey still has many outstanding issues for disaster mitigation, including building structures that are not compliant with seismic codes. This project will make seismic observations of the sea-bottom and surrounding regions, and produce simulations that make the disaster risk visual. In order to build a strong, long-lasting awareness of disaster preparedness, the project team will organize Regional Disaster Prevention Communities together with local authorities and other entities, and will disseminate the information about disaster prevention through the media to deepen the understanding of disasters.

Providing a scienti!c basis we will advance disaster education, and it can be applied to earthquake research in JapanThe project will raise the accuracy and speed of existing real-time earthquake and tsunami analysis in Turkey. Through progress in disaster education based on scientific evidence, we will aim to raise the people’s awareness of disaster, and by means of joint proposal for disaster management, will attempt to extend the benefits of the research outcomes to the whole of Turkey. The research will also assist in elucidating the mechanisms of earthquakes anticipated in Japan, such as Tokyo metropolitan near-field earthquakes and the interconnected Tokai, Tonankai, and Nankai earthquakes.

Survey the Marmara Sea Seismic Gap and Prepare Society for Giant Earthquakes and TsunamisPrincipal Investigator Visiting Principal Research Scientist, Dr. KANEDA Yoshiyuki / Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

= Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation in the Marmara Region and Disaster Education in Turkey =

View of the Bosporus from KOERI, the Turkish partner in the research. The Bosporus links directly to the Marmara Sea project site.

Counterpart Institutions Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Bogazici University (KOERI)

Collaborators The University of Tokyo / Edogawa University / Nagoya UniversityResearch Period 5 Years Adoption Fiscal Year FY 2012

Counterpart Institutions Institute of Transport Science and Technology (ITST), Ministry of Transport (MOT)

Collaborators Tohoku Gakuin University (TGU) / Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI)Research Period 5 Years Adoption Fiscal Year FY 2011

SATREPS 2014


Major landslide at the station (Hai Van) in the center of the area between north and south Vietnam where the

project is conducting surveys and taking measurements.

Newly developed high-stress landslide ring-shear simulator (3 MPa)

The North Anatolian

Fault System. There is a

seismic gap (a gap in

the record of earthquakes)

near the Marmara

Sea.

Urban Istanbul has both traditional streets and high-rise buildings. Not all buildings are earthquake-resistant.

New ocean-bottom

seismometer (OBS). The new models are easier to maintain

and capable of longer periods of

observation.

Site of landslide at railway tunnel

exitSocialist Republic of

Vietnam

Republic of Turkey

Pyroclastic flow associated with the November 2010 eruption at Mount Merapi

Poor polder drainage and sedimentation resulted in inundation up to the levels of discoloration on

the buildings (Kapotakho in Khulna District)

Surveys using interviews in a

Hindu community (Arpangsia in Khulna District)

Pyroclastic flow deposit from Kelud volcano on February 13, 2014

Levees are eroded and farmland is lost as the Jamuna River changes its course (Break in the Chondonbaisha

levee at Sariakandi)

Installing GPS observation system on Mount Merapi

People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Republic of Indonesia

4544

Children watch with great interest

Limnic eruption: a horrifying disaster that took 1,800 livesCameroon has many volcanos, some of them with lakes in their craters. In the 1980s, limnic eruptions occurred at two crater

lakes, Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun, in which large quantities of CO2 that had collected on the lake bottom suddenly erupted to

the surface. 1,800 residents in the three villages at the foot of the volcano died from lack of oxygen, and there are concerns that

the gas disaster may recur. This project will study both lakes and attempt to determine the CO2 flows and

explain the eruptions that occurred in the past. In addition to simulating limnic eruptions and determining

the mechanism that causes them, an organization for monitoring the lakes will be

established and comprehensive measures to prevent future disasters will be proposed.

Comprehensive study of two crater lakes in search of clues that will help explain the phenomenonAnalysis is being conducted from various perspectives, including lake water

observation, study of CO2 concentration, reaction analysis with surrounding rocks, and

explanation of the CO2 supply system. The goal is to establish an organization to continue

and expand lake observation and study in order to predict gas disasters at both lakes.

Probing the Mystery of Limnic Eruptions that Release Clouds of CO2

Collaboration with Chile to Prevent Future Tsunami TragediesPrincipal Investigator Deputy Director-General, Managing Director, Dr. TOMITA Takashi / Asia-Pacific Center for Coastal Disaster Research, Port and Airport Research Institute

Principal Investigator Prof. OHBA Takeshi / School of Science, Tokai University

= Research Project on Enhancement of Technology to Develop Tsunami-resilient Community =

= Magmatic Fluid Supply into Lakes Nyos and Monoun, and Mitigation of Natural Disasters through Capacity Building in Cameroon =

Create tsunami-resilient communities through an early warning and tsunami observation networkIn Japan, higher tsunamis than those envisaged in each of the regional disaster management plans struck the Tohoku region, where tsunami countermeasures were the most advanced in Japan, and caused devastating damage. Tsunami impacts on structures and the dangers of tsunami-induced debris have been recognized as a result of this disaster. In the joint research project between Chile and Japan, the aim is to enhance technology to prevent tsunami damage, to develop very precise early warning methods, to

estimate potential damage at the pilot site, and to conduct research into programs that can create tsunami resilient communities.

Analyze past damage and prepare for possible tsunami damageInformation and data on tsunami damage that occurred in both countries will be summarized, and methods to estimate tsunami damage will be developed, validating the estimates by reproducing the damage through computer simulations. In addition, earthquakes and tsunamis likely to occur in Chile in the future will be estimated, and measures will be proposed to prevent and mitigate damage by the tsunamis envisaged. The goal of the research project is to enhance technologies to develop tsunami-resilient communities for the benefit of people in Chile, Japan, and other tsunami-prone areas.

Counterpart Institutions Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (PUC)

Collaborators Kansai University / The University of Tokushima / Yamaguchi University


Counterpart Institutions Institute for Geological and Mining Research (IRGM)Collaborators Toyama University / The University of Tokyo / Osaka University /

Kumamoto University / Tohoku University / Tokyo Institute of TechnologyResearch Period 5 Years Adoption Fiscal Year FY 2010

A Minute Sooner Can Make the Difference: Real-Time Observation of Earthquakes and Volcanos

Heavy rainfalls in monsoon season cause serious %oods/inundations and landslides in MalaysiaIn Malaysia on Malay Peninsula, heavy rainfalls in monsoon season have frequently brought about flood/inundations and

landslides. The rapid urbanization taking place in disaster prone areas in which actual countermeasures are none or not effective

have been boosting the amount of damages. In this project, Malaysia-Japan organizations/researchers have been working

cooperatively for realizing significant reduction of casualties and property damages by flood/inundations and landslide. We

introduce and use recent technologies in the study, such as remote sensing (satellite and aircraft) and its analysis technologies,

latest field monitoring technologies, up-to-date numerical simulation technologies and social communication

software system. It is expected that the acievements in this project will be applicable not only for Malaysia, but

for other south-east Asian countries for reducing water-related disasters.

Integration of data and proposal of EWSThrough the study, we will make up an integrated data base, install

flood/inundation prediction software, prepare hazard maps for inundation

prone areas, wide ranged risk maps of landslide, and propose EWS (Early

Warning System) for quick and safe evacuation of local residents.

Predict, Warn and Reduce the Risk and Damage of Floods/Inundations and Landslides through Recent TechnologiesPrincipal Investigator Prof. TOSAKA Hiroyuki / Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator Principal Senior Researcher, Dr. INOUE Hiroshi / Disaster Risk Research Unit, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention

= Research and Development for Reducing Geo-Hazard 　Damage in Malaysia caused by Landslide and Flood =

�(QKDQFHPHQW�RI�(DUWKTXDNH�DQG�9ROFDQR�0RQLWRULQJ�DQG�(IIHFWLYH�　8WLOL]DWLRQ�RI�'LVDVWHU�0LWLJDWLRQ�,QIRUPDWLRQ�LQ�WKH�3KLOLSSLQHV�

Prompt and accurate monitoring data to enable appropriate disaster responseThe Philippines is in a Western Pacific Plate subduction zone. As in the case of Japan, earthquake and volcano disasters occur frequently, and therefore disaster measures and prediction techniques are urgently needed. Accordingly, a real-time earthquake

and earthquake intensity observation network will be introduced to enable prompt and accurate estimates of earthquake ground motion distribution and damage, crustal movement observations for assessing the potential for earthquakes on the island of Mindanao, and integrated earthquake, crustal movement and electromagnetic observations of Taal and Mayon volcanoes in order to determine and predict underground magma activity.

The results of research will be made available on a portal site and used for disaster information sharing and awareness of the community

Development and installation of the system is progressing smoothly, and work has begun on constructing a disaster prevention information portal site to make the observed earthquake and volcano data available. Simple earthquake-resistance diagnostic tools for the general public are also being created to promote disaster preparedness. Tsunami disaster preparedness efforts have also begun, based on the lessons learned in the Great East Japan Earthquake. The ultimate objective is to improve disaster preparedness at the national, regional, local government and community level in the Philippines.

Counterpart Institutions Malaysia Multimedia University (MMU) / University of Science, Malaysia (USM) / Tenaga Nasional University (UNITEN)

Collaborators Chiba University / National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) / Public Works Reserch Institiute (PWRI)


Counterpart Institutions Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Collaborators Kyoto University / Tokai University / Nagoya University


SATREPS 2014SATREPS 2014

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

Evacuation drill in

Antofagasta, Chile

The town of Dichato, which was inundated

by the tsunami in Chile in 2010. Many people sought refuge and escaped with their lives.

Sampling of deep

layer lake water

One of Chile’s coastal cities

Cameroon has many volcano crater lakes

Large fountain from a CO2

degassing pipe in Lake Nyos

Collapse of base of power line tower: Slope failures occur frequently, causing damages to social infrastructure,

such as road blockages, collapse of power line towers. Extending urbanization may increase risk in residential areas.

Working on flight tests of the JX-1 UAV with CP-SAR (circularly

polarized synthetic aperture radar) together with MMU and UNITEN researchers

GPS measurements for monitoring earthquake and volcanic activity in Mindanao

Middle reaches of Kelantan

River: During flooding, water

level rises to the floors of houses. Inundations

take place in many areas along the Kelantan

downstream.

Monitoring instruments installed at Taal volcano

The information

of the earthquake source will be used for

rapid estimate of the ground

shaking damage and

tsunami.

Republic of Chile

Republic of Cameroon

Malaysia

Republic of the

Philippines

4746

Meteorological and earthquake data are collected continuously and shared via a global networkThe use of data in the event of a natural disaster has long been an issue of crucial importance worldwide. The data is used to reduce the extent of damage by promoting preparedness in advance against hazard, identifying early signs and indications of impending disasters, determining the situation immediately after a disaster has occurred, ensuring prompt and appropriate resource allocation during relief operations and so on. However, an effective infrastructure for the use of such data has not yet established. The goal of this project is to use Japan and India, countries that are beset by natural disasters, as examples to establish an infrastructure for ongoing collection and analysis of weather hazard and earthquake data utilizing global information network, and to develop the communication and other technical infrastructures for use in an emergency.

Constructing a database and making preparations for utilization of the informationThe project will develop a database as a platform to integrate the data acquired from observation networks and other sources. As well as being used for research of hazard potentials, hazard intensities and vulnerability against hazards, the database will contribute to disaster preparedness by becoming the core of an information network that can respond immediately in time of disaster. It will also be used for building links with governmental agencies and other entities, and for educating and raising disaster awareness in the population through outreach activities, contributing to mitigation of damage when a disaster occurs.

A Trump Card in Disaster Planning: Full Use of Information Network

Observe Earthquakes at Proximity at 1-3 km Depths from Earth’s SurfacePrincipal Investigator Prof. OGASAWARA Hiroshi / College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University

= Observational Studies in South African 　Mines to Mitigate Seismic Risks =

= Information Network for Natural Disaster 　Mitigation and Recovery in India =

Principal Investigator Prof. MURAI Jun / Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University

Earthquakes caused by rock mass failure induced by miningAmong many mines in the Republic of South Africa, gold mines are excavated to particularly great depths. Mining causes stress

concentration to rock mass. The rupture results in mine earthquakes, posing a serious risk. For

safe mining, risk of mine earthquakes must be accurately assessed and mining must be planned to

minimize the risk. The outcome of this study is also expected to be applicable to efforts to enhance

prediction of the occurrence of natural earthquakes, a major issue for Japan as well.

Gathering observational data at proximity, improve the accuracy of seismicity assessmentBased upon geological structure and mining schedule, we can anticipate to some degree

hypocenters and magnitudes of mine earthquakes. Installing observation

instruments in advance at the proximity, we elucidate the preparation

and generation of earthquakes. In addition, national observation network

on earth’s surface will also be upgraded. Through these steps, an effort

will be made to improve the accuracy of earthquake hazard assessment.

Counterpart Institutions Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) / Council for Geoscience (CGS) / The University of the Witwatersrand

Collaborators The University of Tokyo / Tohoku University / National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)


Counterpart Institutions Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), etc.

Collaborators The University of Tokyo


Support that only another earthquake-prone nation can provideLike Japan, Peru is located in the circum-Pacific seismic zone and subject to frequent earthquakes and tsunamis. The 2007 earthquake and tsunami caused major damage. Efforts are underway to study and develop effective technologies for evaluating the risk of disasters caused by future earthquakes and tsunamis and mitigating the damage caused by these disasters. In this project, researchers will develop seismic source models based on past major earthquakes, conduct tsunami simulations, study building earthquake-resistance, develop retrofitting technologies and so on. An effort will also be made to promote comprehensive

earthquake and tsunami damage prediction and disaster mitigation technologies that take into account regional attributes.

Determination of regional attributes and establishment of effective disaster mitigation plans for earthquakes in PeruModel case studies of major earthquakes that have occurred in the past will be selected to predict earthquake motions resulting from plate boundary earthquakes off the coast of Peru and promote tsunami damage assessment. Study of the earthquake resistance of buildings including historical structures is progressing smoothly, and satellite images have been used to prepare land use maps. These results will be integrated to establish effective disaster mitigation plans that are appropriate for the region.

Standing Up to Earthquakes and Tsunamis: Joining Hands with Peru across the PacificPrincipal Investigator Prof. YAMAZAKI Fumio / Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University

= Project for Enhancement of Earthquake and 　Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru =

Counterpart Institutions Japan-Peru Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Disaster Mitigation (CISMID) of National University of Engineering (UNI)

Collaborators Tohoku University / Toyohashi University of Technology / Tokyo Institute of TechnologyResearch Period 5 Years Adoption Fiscal Year FY 2009

SATREPS 2014SATREPS 2014

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

The mine shaft at KDC mine extending down to 3 km

from earth’s surface

Researchers, mining rock engineers, geologists and surveyors. Several times the number of people shown here collaborated to establish the dense monitoring network.

Outreach activities include

creation of hazard maps. The objective

is to raise residents’ awareness of disasters so that they

can use the disaster information

network more effectively.

A weather sensor developed in Japan installed at IITH in Hyderabad, linking with the India Meteorological

Department (IMD). Similar sensors will be installed in

surrounding regions, acquiring data from the sensors via

the Internet.

Probing target fault

Target fault

Busy with probing the fault

Satellite communications package for use in disasters played a role in recovery from the 2011 Great

East Japan Earthquake

Church in the center of Pisco City that

collapsed in the 2007 earthquake

15th century Inca site, Machu Picchu

Observations of microtremors in Lima, using equipment provided in this project. This makes it possible to

assess ground shaking in the event of an earthquake.

Republic of South Africa

India

Republic of Peru

4948

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