JP-8 FuelJP-8 Fuelvsvs

Advanced Emission Advanced Emission ControlsControls

AAdvanced dvanced

CCombustion ombustion

EEmissions missions

RReduction eduction

TTechnologyechnology

On-Highway EPA On-Highway EPA Emissions Emissions

RegulationsRegulations

10.7

NOx, G/HP-HR1 5.04.032 2.50.2

Particulate,

G/HP-HR0.6

0.25

0.10

0.01

1988198819881988

1991199119911991

1994199419941994199819981998199820042004200420042007/20102007/201098% Reduction 98% Reduction in Particulates in Particulates 98% Reduction 98% Reduction in NOxin NOx

98% Reduction 98% Reduction in Particulates in Particulates 98% Reduction 98% Reduction in NOxin NOx

2004 Emissions

Pulled Forward

to October 2002

2004 Emissions

Pulled Forward

to October 2002

20022002

Stringency and Stringency and ConvergenceConvergence

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

U.S. On-Highway

U.S. Non-Road

Euro1 Euro

2 Euro3

Euro4

Emissions Regulations Europe, Japan, U.S.

NO

xN

Ox

ACERTACERT™ ™ TechnologyTechnology

JP-8 Fuel InJP-8 Fuel InCaterpillar EnginesCaterpillar Engines

• Caterpillar Has Allowed The Use Of JP-8 Fuel

• Catalytic Converter Reliability and Durability Concerns With High Sulfur Fuel

JP-8 FuelJP-8 Fuel

• Current JP-8 Fuel Specification (MIL-DTL-83133E) Allows Sulfur Levels Up To 3000 PPM

• Sulfur Levels For Commercial On-Highway Fuel Is Currently Regulated at 500 PPM (15 PPM 2006)• Fuel Used For Certifying Engine Emissions Is Regulated By EPA (or EEC)

Using JP-8 FuelUsing JP-8 Fuel

• 7 - 12% Reduced Power

• Less Energy In A Gallon Of Fuel Means More Fuel For A Given Mission• Engines Will No Longer Be Emissions Compliant

AftertreatmentAftertreatment

ReliabilityReliability Over 80,000 in serviceOver 80,000 in service No service requiredNo service required

DurabilityDurability Stainless steel Stainless steel

constructionconstruction Low skin temperaturesLow skin temperatures

CatalystCatalystCatalystCatalyst

Exhaust In

Catalyst SubstrateCatalyst Substrate

High Sulfur JP-8 AndHigh Sulfur JP-8 AndCatalytic ConvertersCatalytic Converters

• Caterpillar Has Not Tested The Durability Of Catalytic Converters With JP-8 Fuel• During Light Load Applications, Sulfur Deposits Will Form On The Catalyst Substrate

• Sulfate Deposits Mix With Water, Sulfuric Acid Is Formed And Deteriorates The Exhaust System At An Accelerated Rate

Options/RecommendatioOptions/Recommendatio

nsns• Update JP-8 Fuel Specification To Match Up With Commercial Fuel Specifications

• Run Durability Tests To Quantify The Degration Of The Catalytic Converter With JP-8

Questions?Questions?

Kenn SuttonSutton_Kenn_L@CAT.co

m