Setting the Stage:

Turn of the 20th Century

Industrial Revolution and Imperialism

Journal:

Why study history? What tools do we use to study history?

20th century began with great promise

Technology, inventions Wright Brothers, 1903 Edison, Ford

Science Darwin, Mendel,

Marie Curie, Freud

Mass culture and entertainment

However… One of the deadliest

centuries in human history Some stats:

About 180 million people killed from war in the 20th century

Genocide, nuclear threats

Contradiction between this and greater democratization and human rights

Three Major Themes/Ideas

Industrialization: Growth of industries for the machine production of goods

Nationalism: Belief in loyalty to one’s nation (people with a shared culture and history)

Imperialism: Strong nations dominating weaker nations politically, economically, or socially

Journal

Does technology and machinery improve or worsen our lives? Why? Defend your answer.

Industrialization

Look at the map on pg. 281: Which countries do you think industrialized

first? Why? What factors lead to industrialization?

The Industrial Revolution

Why a revolution?

Began in England in the 1700’s Agriculture: Enclosures

Improved farming techniques Movement to cities (urbanization)

Industrialization Machine mass production of goods Requires land, labor, capital, and natural resources Good economy (banking) and political stability

Textile production from new inventions Improvements in transportation

Steam driven trains on railroads (1830’s)

Progress and Plight

Urbanization: Growth of cities Factories near water sources

Working class: Poor living conditions Poor working conditions

Growth of the middle class

Long-term effects: Improved standard of living, access to

consumer goods

Spread of Industrialization

Spreads to U.S., Germany, France

Gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized countries leads to imperialism Need for raw materials Potential markets for products

Long-term: Longer lifespans, better health, greater wealth in

industrialized nations Growth of a middle class leads to increased

participation in democracy and social reforms

Today

Reforms

Unionization Collective bargaining Strikes

Child labor laws

Abolition of slavery

Women’s rights

Education

Journal #3 It was said that…

“The Sun Never Sets On the British Empire”

What do you know about the British Empire? Take a guess: what do you think this quote means?

Hint: Look at the map on pg. 337 of your textbook

British Empire at the Height of its

Power

1920’s ¼ of world’s pop.

Rule, Britannia!

Rule Britannia!Britannia rule the waves

Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.

Rule Britannia!Britannia rule the waves.

Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XPHL4Q86t4

Imperialism: Essential Questions What were the motives of the colonizers?

How did the imperialists control and manage their colonies?

What were the effects of imperialism?

How did Japan end its isolation and begin to modernize?

Journal #4

If you wanted to control someone smaller or weaker than you, how could you do it? What methods might you use?

What might happen to them after you have dominated their lives?

Is this ever morally justified?

Forms of control

The Name of the Game: Empire Building

Types of imperialism: Colony: Foreign power governs Protectorate: Foreign power controls government Sphere of influence: Foreign power has trade

privileges Economic Imperialism: Foreign business controls

econ.

Forms of control: Direct: No self-rule, no local leaders in government Indirect: Limited self-rule of local leaders

Conflicts

African resistance: Zulus and British

Europeans: Boers, British, and Africans in South Africa

Boer War: British won

Limited control (British) vs. direct control (French)

Legacy: Positive and Negative Consequences Political divisions, artificial boundaries Breakdown of family, culture Loss of land, disease, deaths from rebellions Economic expansion

Vocabulary:

Racism

Social Darwinism

Paternalism

Assimilation

Directions: Choose a vocabulary word above and complete the Frayer Model graphic organizer

Scramble for Africa

Imperialism: Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country

Belgium takes the Congo (1880’s)

How? Steamboats and maxim gun Quinine to combat malaria Exploiting diversity of African groups

Berlin Conference (1884-85)

Africa Before and After

1870c. 1914

Berlin Conference Simulation

Order for choosing territory: 1. Portugal 2. Spain 3. Britain 4. France 5. Belgium 6. Germany 7. Italy

Journal #5

How successful do you believe your country will be in achieving your goals at today’s Berlin Conference? Explain.

Journal #6: Where in the World?

Guess the country! Explain your guess.

Clues: The world’s largest democracy Main religions:

Hindus (80%) Muslims (13%) Other (Christian, Sikh): 7%

16 official languages, including English Capital city is New Delhi Raise your hand if you would like one

extra hint!

Answer: India

Europeans in the Middle East

Decline of the Ottoman Empire

Geopolitics: Taking strategically located land

Crimean War: Britain, France, Ottomans prevent Russia from taking Black Sea territory

“Great Game” between Britain and Russia over Afghanistan

Egypt modernizes: Suez Canal leads to British control of Egypt

Russian, British spheres of interest in Persia—for oil

Southeast Asia

Dutch East India Company in Indonesia Rubber plantations and other cash crops

British in Malaysia

French in Indochina (Vietnam) Rice production

Siam (Thailand) remained independent King Mongkut plays France and Britain and

modernizes

US in the Philippines, Hawaii (interest in sugar) Hawaii annexed in 1898

Imperialism in India

Decline of Mughal Empire in the 1700s British make deals with maharajahs

British East India Company sets up trading posts Cash crops: Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, and

opium to trade with China (for tea)

“Jewel in the crown” of colonies What does this mean?

Decline in local handloom textile industry

Sepoy Rebellion (1857)

Sepoy Mutiny/India’s First War of Independence led to the Raj (direct British government control) Sepoys: Indian soldiers Upset by a rumor that new cartridges for rifles

would use cow and pig fat

Problem for the rebellion: the division between Hindus and Muslims

Film Study: Mangel Pandey, The Rising

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yXKbd5IDzU

Questions for viewing the film

1. Why is Mangal Pandey considered India’s first national hero?

2. What does Mangal Pandey mean when he says, “We are all untouchables in our own land”? Untouchables: Lowest caste of Indian society

3. What does Captain William Gordon warn will happen if the British execute Mangal Pandey?

Journal #7

Do you think that there are any countries that are imperialistic today? Why or why not?

Japanese Imperialism

Europeans were not the only imperialists

Matthew Perry and the Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) ends Japanese isolation and opens ports for trade

Meiji emperor modernizes the country Industry, education, military buildup

Becomes the strongest military power in Asia and sought to control neighbors, especially Korea

Conflicts

Sino-Japanese War (1895): Japan vs. China in Korea Results:

Japan drives Chinese out of Korea, gains land in Manchuria

Gains colonies in Taiwan Russo-Japanese War (1905):

Japan vs. Russia in Manchuria and Korea Results:

Japan drives Russia out of Korea and holds Manchuria

Japan in Korea

1905: Made Korea a protectorate

1910: Annexed Korea, bringing them officially under Japan’s control

Forced Koreans to assimilate to Japanese culture

Unfair treatment of Koreans leads to a strong nationalist movement