journal response #2

Journal Response #2

Unit 2 Lesson Prompt for the American Revolution:

- Does a government have the right to expect its citizens to provide money in the form of taxes to support its numerous political, social, & military agendas?

- Is there a time when it is appropriate for the citizens of a country to say “Enough is Enough!” unless certain conditions are met that are in the favor of the citizens? What might be some of these conditions?

Your journal entry should be two paragraphsin length & be prepared to share your answersin class!

Unit 2 (Ch. 3.4) Notes:The French & Indian War

U.S. History & The ConstitutionMr. Weathers

"One Mile To Bushy Run Station"

by Robert Griffing

Today’s Lesson Standard / Indicator

Battle of Fort

Niagara

Standard USHC-1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the conflicts between regional and national interest in the development of democracy in the United States.

USHC-1.2: Summarize the early development of representative government & political rights in the American Colonies, including the influence of the British political system & the rule of law as written in the Magna Carta & the English Bill of Rights, & the conflict between the colonial legislature & the British Parliament over the rights to tax that resulted in the American Revolutionary War.

Ch. 3, Section 4: The French & Indian WarWorksheet (pgs. 85-88)

1.) What area of North America did both the French & British desire to control?

- Answer: The Ohio Valley (Ohio River Valley)


2.) Where were the French settlementslocated in North America?

- Quebec (1609) – founded by Samuel de Champlain

- New Orleans (1718)

- Control of the Mississippi River Valley

Quebec ●

NewOrleans

●


3.) How did the French & English colonies in North America differ?

Type of settlersgoing to theOhio Valley

Economic Activities Relations withNative Americans

English Colonies

French ColoniesUn-married

Traders,Fur Trappers,

&Catholic Priests

Large, Wealthy

Farm Families

Farming & Fur Trapping

Trading &Fur Trapping

Friendlier; relied on Indians to trap/trade with.

Trade = alliances.

Intermarriage wascommon.

Some trade.

Mainly saw Indiansas a barrier; slowingtheir progress westto establish farms &plantations.


4.) What prompted the start of the French & Indian War?

- British attempted to evict the French from the Ohio country to allow Virginia planters to move in.

- Ft. Duquesne - French

- Ft. Necessity - British

- (May 1754) British attack French soldiers; French counterattacked Ft. Necessity & defeated George

Washington.

- Ft. Necessity surrendered & the war began.

George Washingtonat Ft. Necessity


5.) What events led to Britain’s victory over the French?

- New leadership under Prime Minister William Pitt.

- Alliance with the powerful Iroquois.

- The British capture of the city of Quebec (Sept 1759).


6.) What problems were brought about for Britain by its victory in the French & Indian War?

- Native American fears that British settlers crossing the Appalachian Mountains drive away the wild game they depended on.

- Attacks on British forts by Indians = increased tensions.

- Problems enforcing the Proclamation of 1763.

- Financial crisis; how would the war & protection of the colonies be paid for.

- 10,000+ troops stationed in America = $$$$

- British national debt nearly doubled.

Before the War… and After.

British Colonies - 1763 -

North American Territorial Claims (1763)


7.) What tensions developed between the colonies & Britain after the war?Event What was it? Colonial Response

Proclamationof 1763

Writs ofAssistance

Sugar Act(1764)

- Banned settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to keep peace with the Indians.

- Created a proclamation linethat settlers were not to cross.

- British could not enforce.

- Colonists poured acrossthe line.

- Increased Indian tensions.

- Increased tensions betweenMassachusetts & Britain oversmuggling.

- Allowed customs officials tosearch, ships, buildings, & homes.

- Boston’s colonial merchants were outraged.

1.) Halved duty on foreign made molasses (help reduce smuggling).2.) Placed duties on certain imports. (wines, fine fabrics, etc.)3.) Tough prosecution of smugglingcases in British vs. colonial courts.

- Increased tensions abouthow the colonies shouldbe taxed & governed.

“Join, or Die”

By Benjamin Franklin & first published in his Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 1754.



USHC-1.2: Summarize the early development of representative government & political rights in the American Colonies, including the influence of the British political system & the rule of law as written in the Magna Carta & the English Bill of Rights, & the conflict between the colonial legislature & the British Parliament over the rights to tax that resulted in the American Revolutionary War.

- Most colonies were royal colonies prior to the Am. Revolution.

- Parliament’s control = limited by distance & desire.

- Post-1720s = English policy of salutary neglect = colonists governed themselves.

- Colonial assemblies had right to tax colonial citizens.

- Change to this policy = colonists revolted.

Chapter 4.1: The Stirrings of Rebellion

Stamp Act protestors loot & burna tax official’s house in Boston.


- French & Indian War (1754-63) = Parliament abandoned salutary neglect, enforced mercantilist policies, & cracked down on smugglers.

- Britain imposed taxes to help pay the war debt.

- Admiralty courts were established (Sugar Act) = violated the right to a trial by a jury of one’s peers (Magna Carta).

- Americans reacted by protesting the courts & increased smuggling.

House of Commons, Parliament


- Colonists against the Stamp Act = direct tax vs. an indirect (import) tax.

- Parliament failed to recognize colonial assemblies’ right to collect taxes = ‘taxation without representation’.

- Sons & Daughters of Liberty formed.

- Stamp Act Congress = economic boycott; helped repeal the Stamp Act.

Stamp Act Congress created the “Sons & Daughters of Liberty” to protest British Taxes.

5 Shilling Tax Stamp

Pennsylvania Journal, October 1765

Sons of Liberty as depicted in the British Press

Paul Revere’s

“Bloody MassacrePerpetrated in KingStreet”

(March 5, 1770)


- Stationing of British troopsin the colonies = Boston Massacre & further colonial resentment.

Paul Revere’s “Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street”(March 5, 1770)

A “Notice” for the Boston Tea Party

Samuel Adams,member of the Sons of Liberty


4.1 Stirrings of Rebellion Cont.Chapter 4.1: The Stirrings of Rebellion

“Boston Tea Party” (1773):Sons of Liberty dressed asIndians, boarded ships &dumped tea in harbor.


- Townshend Acts resulted in continuation of the boycott.

- Tea Act » Boston Tea Party » “Intolerable” (Coercive) Acts, » 1st Continental Congress » “shot heard ‘round the world” at Lexington & Concord = Am. Revolution.

A little “food for thought”…

- We were still Englishmen at this point, & we were protesting about the loss of our ‘rights as Englishmen’ & against ‘taxation without representation’.

- We weren’t protesting against the taxes because the taxes were too high nor were we attempting to form a new kind of government.

- We were trying to hold onto thegovernment that had been developedduring the time of salutary neglect.

- We didn’t want representation inParliament; since we would havebeen outvoted. We wanted Britishrecognition that only the coloniallegislatures had the right to imposetaxes on the citizens.


Protesting under the Liberty Tree

Ch. 4, Section 1: The Stirrings of Rebellion (pgs. 96-102)

1. The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act (1765) in order to . . .

Colonists responded to the act by:

Britain responded to the colonists by:

2. The British Parliament passed the Townshend Act (1767) in order to…



increase revenue from thecolonies; finance debts fromthe French & Indian War, aswell as from European wars.

- organizing the Sons of Liberty;demonstrating & protesting;holding the Stamp Act Congress;writing the Declaration of Rights& Grievances; boycotting Britishgoods.

- repealing the Stamp Act;issuing the Declaratory Act.

increase revenues from theColonies; an indirect tax on a list of goods including tea.

- demonstrating & protesting; & boycotting British goods.

- colonists were unwilling to accept an indirect tax designed to collect taxes

rather than to regulate trade.

- enforcing the act; stationing troops in Boston.

- repealing all taxes, except on tea,

Ch. 4, Section 1: The Stirrings of Rebellion (pgs. 96-102)

3. The British Parliament passed the Tea Act (1773) in order to . . .



4. The British Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts (1774) in order to…



to save the East India TeaCompany from bankruptcy.

not a tax, but permission for a monopoly on the sale of tea in the colonies = tea sold at a lower price.

dumping 15,000 pounds of the East India Company’s tea;holding the Boston Tea Party.

passing the Intolerable Acts.

punish the colonists for theBoston Tea Party; tightencontrol over Massachusetts.

holding the First ContinentalCongress; pulling together tosupport protests inMassachusetts; making militarypreparations.

marching troops to Concordto seize illegal weapons & byEngaging in battle.

Daily “Bell Ringer” Warm Up

Bell Ringer #7 & #8 (13 & 14 Sept)

7.) Which idea from the Magna Carta & English Bill of Rights influenced colonial attitudes about self-government?

a.) establishing religious freedom.b.) allowing freedom of the press.c.) limiting the power of the monarchy.d.) setting up free & open elections.

CORRECT ANSWER: C

8.) How did passage of such laws as the Tea Act, the Sugar Act, & the Stamp Act influence the colonists?

a.) It persuaded them to want to revolt against Britain.b.) It caused an increased division between the southern & northern colonies.c.) It encouraged them to adopt similar laws in their colonial assemblies.d.) It led to an economic recession because colonist spent so much on taxes.

CORRECT ANSWER: A



USHC-1.3: Analyze the impact of the Declaration of Independence & theAmerican Revolution on establishing the ideas of a democratic republic.

Signing of the Declarationof Independence

Adopted July 2, 1776; Announced July 4th

Chapter 4.2: Ideas Help Start a Revolution

- Declaration of Independence (1776) = written to further the colonial cause for conflict with Britain (in 2nd year).

- Addressed to colonial loyalists & those uncommitted to independence.

- Expresses the concept of limited government.


- “Declaration” based on John Locke’s ideas; Enlightenment philosopher.

- Ideals of democracy = principles of equality & natural rights of “life, liberty & the pursuit of happiness”.

- Government’s purpose: secure those rights.

- “Right of the people to alter or abolish” government when the peoples’ rights are not protected.

English Enlightenment PhilosopherJohn Locke


- “Declaration” = king, not Parliament, had violated colonial rights.

- Repeat actions “He” did = designed to break bonds between the King & his loyalists subjects & unify the new nation against a common enemy.

- Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense based on Locke‘s ideas.

Thomas Paine


- Benjamin Franklin & Thomas Jefferson were heavily influenced by Enlightenment ideas (Locke & Paine) = “natural rights”.

- Jefferson took this into account when authoring the Dec. of Independence.

- Declaration = approved on July 2, 1776 by the 2nd Continental Congress.

- Not announced until July 4, 1776.

- Colonies now a United States in the struggle against Britain.


Ch. 4, Section 2: The Stirrings of Rebellion

2. What did the Continental Congress do to prepare for war?

- Created the Continental Army & appointed Washington as its commander; authorized the printing of paper money to pay the soldiers; organized a committee to deal with foreign Nations.

3. What are the main ideas of Common Sense?

- King George is a tyrant; the time has come for American independence.

4. What is the purpose of a formal declaration of independence?

- To explain the reasons for the colonists’ actions.

5. What are the main ideas of the Declaration of Independence?

- People have inalienable rights to “life, liberty, & the pursuit of happiness”; governments derive their powers from a social contract with the people; the people have the right to “alter or abolish” any government; “all men are created equal.”

Worksheet: Ideals Help Start a Revolution

1. What did the Continental Congress do to bring about peace?

- Sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George.

Daily “Bell Ringer” Warm Up

Bell Ringer #9 (17 & 18 Sept)

Write down the highlighted sections of the quote:

Most Gracious Sovereign: We, your Majesty's faithful subjects in the Colonies of…. Attached to your Majesty's person, family, & government, with all devotion that principle & affection can inspire; connected with Great Britain by the strongest ties that can unite societies, & deploring every event that tends in any degree to weaken them, we solemnly assure your Majesty, that we not only most ardently desire the former harmony between her & these Colonies may be restored… We therefore beseech your Majesty, that your royal authority & influence may be graciously interposed to procure us relief from our afflicting fears & jealousies… with all humility submitting to your Majesty's wise consideration…

9.) From which of the following documents does this excerpt come from?

a.) The Declaration of the Rights of Manb.) The Olive Branch Petitionc.) The “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death” Speechd.) The Declaration of IndependenceCORRECT ANSWER: B (July 5, 1775)

Battle Briefs: Key Battles of the American Revolution

Lexington & ConcordColony: Dates:

Americans British

Commander(s)

Victory

Highlights

Significance

Massachusetts April 18 & 19, 1775

General GageMilitia/Minutemen

X

- British marched to capture munitions @ Concord & to captureJohn Adams & John Hancock = failed.

- Opening shots of the American Revolution.- “Shot Heard Round the World”.

Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)Colony: Date:

Americans British

Commander(s)

Victory

Highlights

Significance


Massachusetts June 17, 1775

General GageColonel Prescott

X

- British made three attempts to overtake rebel positions.- Succeeded on the third attempt (rebels ran out of ammo).

- Deadliest battle of the war (450 colonists / 1000 British).- “Don’t shoot till you see the whites of their eyes”!

TrentonColony: Date:

Americans Hessians

Commander(s)

Victory

Highlights

Significance


New Jersey Dec 26, 1776

General Washington Colonel Rahl

X

- Daring “Risk-it-All” raid on Hessians (2400 rebels).- Killed 30 Hessians, Captured 918, & 6 much needed cannon.

- Much needed morale victory after a year of rebel losses/retreats.

“Washington Crossing the Delaware” by Emanuel Leutze

The Battle of Trenton, Dec 26, 1776

SaratogaColony: Date:

Americans British

Commander(s)

Victory

Highlights

Significance


New York Oct 17, 1777

General Gates General Burgoyne

X

- Burgoyne’s men surrendered to Gates’ rebel force.

- New British strategy – keep close to naval support along coast.- American victory convinces France to ally with Americans.

Winter at Valley ForgeColony: Dates:

Americans British

Commander(s) N/A

Victory N/A N/AHighlights

Significance


Pennsylvania Winter of 1777-1778

Gen. WashingtonBaron von Steuben (Prussia)Marquis de Lafayette (France)

- Low point of the war for the Americans.- Steuben provides effective training for the troops.- Lafayette lobbied for French support.

- Americans emerge from the miserable winter better trained & more disciplined – effective fighting force.

Cowpens (pg. 120-121)Colony: Date:

Americans British

Commander(s)

Victory

Highlights

Significance


South Carolina Jan 17, 1781

General Morgan General Cornwallis

X

- Rebels & Continental Army draw Cornwallis into a fight.- Outnumbered rebels defeat the British.

- Cornwallis’ troops pull out of SC & head north.

Siege at Yorktown (pg. 121)Colony: Date:

Americans British

Commander(s)

Victory

Highlights

Significance


Virginia Sept-Oct 1781 (Oct 17)

General Washington General Cornwallis

X

- 3 week siege of Cornwallis’ troops.- French navy defeats British navy & blocks escape route.

- Cornwallis raised the white flag of surrender.- Next step – peace talks!

Seeking Peace

- Negotiations took place in Paris, France.

- Delegates signed the Treaty of Paris (1783).

- Confirmed the US as independent.

- Set land boundaries.

Challenge of Creating a Government

- How to form a stable government that allowed peoples voices to be heard….?

- To Be Continued….


journal response #2

Documents

french indian warworksheet

duquesne french

french british desire

french english colonies

necessity british

british parliament

british settlers

british capture