JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGYVOLUME 172 e JANUARY 1990 eNUMBER 1

Samuel Kaplan, Editor in Chief (1992) Dale Kaiser, Editor (1994) Kenneth N. Timmis, Editor (1992)The University of Texas Medical Stanford University School of Medicine, GBF, Braunschweig,

School, Houston Stanford, Calif. Federal Republic of GermanyTerrance J. Beveridge, Editor (1992) Richard M. Losick, Editor (1993) Graham C. Walker, Editor (1990)University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Massachusetts Institute ofJames D. Friesen, Editor (1992) L. Nicholas Ornston, Editor (1992) Technology, CambridgeHospital for Sick Children, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. Robert A. Weisberg, Editor (1990)Toronto,CanadaNainlIstueoChdSusan Gottesman, Editor (1994) Robert H. Rownd, Editor (1990) Naioalt InstituteofChlNational Cancer Institute,. Northwestern Medical School, Heealthmand,Human aMdBethesda, Md. Chicago, Ill. Dvlpet ehsa d

EDITORIAL BOARDSankar Adhya (1990) David I. Friedman (1992) Christopher Korch (1991) Anthony Pugsley (1991)Stuart J. Austin (1990) Robert Gennis (1991) Susan F. Koval (1991) Linda Randall (1990)Frederick M. Ausubel (1992) Costa Georgopolous (1990) Viji Krishnapillai (1991) Jeffrey Roberts (1992)Barbara Bachmann (1990) David Gibson' (1991) Terry Ann Krulwich (1990) Charles 0. Rock (1990)Manfred E. Bayer (1991) Jane Gibson (1991) Sidney Kushner (1991) Lucia B. Rothman-DenesMargret H. Bayer (1992) Larry Gold (1991) Harald Labischinski (1992) (1992)Robert W. Be'rnlohr (1991) Robert C. Goldman (1991) Thomas Lessie (1992) Rudiger Schmitt (1992)Mervyn Bibb (1991) E. Peter Greenberg (1991) Stuart B. Levy (1991) June R. Scott (1990)Volkmar Braun (1992) Nigel Grindley (1990) Mary E. Lidstrom (1990) Peter Setlow (1990)Donald A. Bryant (1991) Carol Gross (1990) Lasse Lindahl (1990) Howard A. Shuman (1991)Richard Calendar (1991) Robert P. Gunsalus (1990) John W. Little (1992) Thomas J. Silhavy (1990)Joseph M. Calvo (1990) Scott R. Hagedorn (1991) Jack London (1990) Gerald Smith (1991)A. M. Chakrabarty (1992) R. E. W. Hancock (1990) Sharon Long (1992) Issar Smith (1990)Mick Chandler (1990) Richard S. Hanson (1991) Victor de Lorenzo (1991) Dennis Sprott (1992)Keith F. Chater (1991) Shige Harayama (1990) Paul S. Lovett (1990) Catherine Squires (1990)Terrence G. Cooper (1990) Robert Haselkorn (1990) Paul W. Ludden (1990) Gary Stacey (1991)David L. Coplin (1992) Gerald L. Hazelbauer (1990) Robert Macnab (1991) Valley Stewart (1991)Donald Court (1991) George Hegeman (1991) Martin Marinus (1992) F. William Studier (1992)John E. Cronan, Jr. (1992) Robert Hendrix (1992) Millicent Masters (1992) Anne 0. Summers (1990)Jorge H. Crosa (1991) Dennis Henner (1991) Abdul Matin (1990) Robert Switzer (1990)Lacy Daniels (1992) James Hopper (1991) Philip Matsumura (1992) Godfried D. Vogels (1990)Bruce Demple (1991) Martha M'. Howe (1990) Larry McKay (1990) Judy D. Wall (1990)Gary Ditta (1990) Barbara Iglewski (1991) John Mekalanos (1991) Barry Wanner (1990)Timothy Donohue (1990) Karin Miher (1990) 5. Mizushima (1991) Chris M. Whitfield (1992)Ron J. Doyle (1991) Edward E. Ishiguro (1991) Edward A. Morgan (1990) William B. Whitman (1991)S. Dusko Ehrlich (1991) Robert J. Kadner (1992) Gisela Mosig (1991) Malcolm Winkler (1991)Bert Ely (1991) Clarence Kado (1991) Staffan Normark (1991) David Womble (1992)Wolfgang Epstein (1990) Eduard J. Kellenberger (1992) Dennis Ohman (1991) Henry C. Wu (1990)David H. Figurski (1990) David E. Kennell (1991) William J. Paranchych (1991) Ryland Young (1990)Robert T. Fraley (1991) Wil N. Konings (1990) John S. Parkinson (1990) Howard Zalkin (1991)Michael Fried (1991) Dennis J. Kopecko (1990) Allen T. Phillips (1991) David Zusman (1991)

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Author IndexAarsman, Mirjam, 63 Gandor, Christine, 424 Kranz, Robert G., 53 Salyers, Abigail A., 292Abee, Tjakko, 149 Georgiou, George, 491 Kroos, Lee, 484 Sar, Nechemia, 334Adachi, Takahiro, 511 Gibson, David T., 457, 465 Kubitschek, H. E., 94 Savelli, Bruno, 86Ajioka, Richard S., 40 Gilmore, Michael S., 155 Kuspa, Adam, 484 Segarra, Robert A., 155Ambulos, Nicholas P., Jr., G6mez, Josd M., 437

Laa .Cn,39Seifert, H. Steven, 40110 Gore, Richard 5., 136 LaRahJ

,Cano, e

38916

Setlow, Peter, 7Anderson, Julia, 224 Graves, Lee M., 218 LaeRoche, Salom D,14Shaflee, Ali, 350Andreesen, Jan Remmer, 243 Gray, James X., 193 Leher,LAnr377 F,46Sheehan, Shannon M., 473Antoniewski, Christophe, 86 Gray, Jane Antal, 446 Lehsnger,AndreasF, 144 Shimkets, Lawrence J., 15, 24

Ball,Tmothy.,342Greco, Mary Ann, 317 Leiinge, Thomas.17, 164 Silhavy, Thomas J., 185

Bally,Tim nothK, 3421 Green, Monica R., 310 Lindh,E.aC.sC, 179042 Silver, Simon, 287Baneyx,Frn~ois, 491Groenewegen, Peter E. J., 419 LnalLse,35Silverman, Michael, 334

Bannor, Todd A., 397 Guiney, Donald G., 495 Loechel, Steve, 504 Simon, Melvin, 334Bayer, Manfred E., 125 Lory, Stephen, 389 Singh, Shrikrishna, 299Bayer, Margret H., 125 Hagen, Thomas J., 15 Lovett, Paul 5., 1, 110 Singh, Ushasi, 299Beers, Richard, 469 Hagervall, Tord G., 252 Lux, Mary F., 212 So, Magdalene, 40Benedik, Michael J., 342 Haigler, Billy E., 457, 465

Manb oetM,33Soil, David R., 224Benesi, Alan J., 136 Harkness, Robin E., 498 Manb oetM,33Speer, Brenda 5., 292Beuerle, Joachim, 424 Heifron, Fred, 40 Mageda, Wiuimi,5017 Stahl, David A., 116Bjork, Glenn R., 252 Held, Gary A., 481 Manr ila,37Staskawicz, Brian J., 143Blasi, Udo, 204 Hellingwerf, Klaas J., 149 Marrs, Carl F., 310 Stevens, Scott P., 310Boominathan, K., 260 Hill, Charles W., 446 McCarter, Linda, 334 Stoddard, Steven F., 361Boos, Winfried, 424 Hiraga, Sota, 31 McCloskey, James A., 252 Stragier, Patrick, 86Bouic, Kathy, 495 Hirata, Aiko, 102 Mclean, Doris M., 372 Suh, Sang-jin, 273Braun, Volkmar, 498 Ho, Kuo-chieh, 50 Mihalik, Robert, 224 Sweet, Gaye, 424Braunagel, Sharon C., 342 Hogan, Susan E., 299 MleKrnJ,16Switzer, Robert L., 218, 473Bron, Sierd, 47 Hom, Robert, 469 Milsr, Dallice , 28 Syvanen, Michael, 281Buckley, J. Thomas, 372 Howe, Martha M., 361 Misrao, TapansK., 287

Caldicott, Ian M., 53 Hsua, Tsungda, 212 Moreno, Felipe, 43 Takagi, Mshirok, 411Cervantes, Carlos, 287 Hsu, Piung-chan, 504 Mori, Hirotada, 31TagiMshro41Chow, Terry Y.-K., 507 Hua PngcYuan-s~,548 Mukhopadhyay, Mallika, 477 Tarleton, Jack, 236Chu,Lien,287

uang, Yuan-shen 481Mukhopadhyy, Pradip, 477 Totten, Patricia A., 389

ChLiene, 287B, 5

Hutchinson, C. Richard, 350 MukhopavdhyAy,Prdi,6 Tran, Phuc V., 397

Colewl, DonB.,155 MullineDavidyA., 236 Truniger, Veronica, 424Cole,S.T.,179~Ichnoe,Cauohiym,315 Nam, Kiebang, 204 Tsukagoshi, Norihiro, 511

Daniel, Steven L., 212 Imae, Yasuo, 377, 383 Nanninga, Nanne, 63, 71Dass, S. Balachandra, 260 Imanaka, Tadayuki, 411 Narva, Kenneth E., 326 Udaka, Shigezo, 511deBont,JaA.M.,41 Inamine, ulia M., ~Newton, Austin, 236 Uno, Isao, 102

del Castio,J gnAcio., 437 Inouyne, JumikoM,804 Nichols, Brian P., 397 Urbance, John W., 116den Blaauwen,Tgannek, 63, Isakie,Lslie,469 Nicholson, Wayne L., 7

71lawn Tnee 3 Ishkikw, Tatsuoe, 102 Niki, Hironori, 31 van der Lelie, Daniel, 4771 Ishikawa, Tatsuo, 102 ~~~~~~~~~~~Venema, Gerard, 47de Waard, Adrian, 266 luchi, 5., 179 Ogura, Teru, 31 Vlazny, Donald A., 446

Dietrichs, Daniel, 243 Ohta, Noriko, 236 Voegele, Ralf, 424Djordjevic, Michael A., 193 Johnson, Richard, 136 Ohtake, Hisao, 287 Vogt, Claire H., 488Doktor, Stella Z., 397 J6nsson, Yvonne H., 252OsiaTkero10DonadioStefano350 ~ ~ ~ ~ Ohim, akhio,10

Drake,HtearoldL, 212 Kaiser, Dale, 484 Oskam, Linda, 47 Wasmuth, Carl R., 342Drake,arold ., 212Karreman, Christiaan, 266 Wittekindt, Nicola, 424Driessen, Arnold J. M., 419 Kawakami, Makoto, 469 Pace, Victor M., 53Wong, Kevin R., 372Edmonds, Charles G., 252 Kawanishi, C. Y., 481 Palmen, Ronald, 149 Wtsten, Han A. B., 47Ely, Bert, 236 Kearney, Brian, 143 Patruchur, Durgae, 401 Wu, Henry C., 469Errington, Jeffery, 488 Keck, Wolfgang, 125 Peterise, CarsenoyJ,418Escalante-Semerena, Jorge C., Kelley, R. L., 260 PilpGeoyJ,15Yamagata, Hideo, 511

273 Kiino, Diane R., 185 Randall, T. A., 260 Yamamoto, Kimiko, 383Kim,UnJin,11 ReddyC. A., 260 Young, Ry, 204

Feingold, David 5., 299 Kirschman, Jane A., 446 Reinhold, Vernon N., 136Feitelson, Jerald 5., 326 Koa, Helena, 507 Rogers, Elizabeth J., 110 Zagotta, Michelle T., 204Feulner, Gregory, 446 Konings, Wil N., 149, 419 Rolfe, Barry G., 193 Zengel, Janice M., 305Fishel, Richard, 172 Kosman, Daniel J., 317 Roth, John R., 273 Zhang, Ji, 446Fraser, Murray J., 507 Kraczkiewicz-Dowjat, Anna, Zhao, Sheng, 446Fulks, Karla A., 310 172 Sadosky, Alesia B., 446 Zhou, Zonghan, 281

JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Jan. 1990

JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

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ii INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

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iv INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

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and be sure to cite all figures and tables.Introduction. The introduction should supply suffi-

cient background information to allow the reader to Discussion. The Discussion should provide an inter-understand and evaluate the results of the present pretation of the results in relation to previously pub-study without referring to previous publications on the lished work and to the experimental system at handtopic. The introduction should also provide the ratio- and should not contain extensive repetition of thenale for the present study. Use only those references Results section or reiteration of the introduction. Inrequired to provide the most salient background rather short papers, the Results and Discussion sections maythan an exhaustive review of the topic. be combined.

Materials and Methods. The Materials and Methods Acknowledgments. Acknowledgments of financialsection should include sufficient technical information assistance and of personal assistance are given into allow the expeniments to be repeated. When cen- separate paragraphs. The usual format for acknowl-trifugation conditions are critical, give enough infor- edgment of grant support is as follows: "This workmation to enable another investigator to repeat the was supported by Public Health Service grant CA-procedure: make of centrifuge, model of rotor, tem- 01234 from the National Cancer Institute."perature, time at maximum speed, and centrifugalforce (x g rather than revolutions per minute). For Appendixes. Appendixes, which contain supplemen-commonly used materials and methods (e.g., media tary material to aid the reader, are permitted. Titles,and protein determinations), a simple reference is authors, and Literature Cited sections that are distinctsufficient. If several alternative methods are com- from those of the primary article are not allowed. If itmonly used, it is helpful to identify the method briefly is not feasible to list the author(s) of the appendix inas well as to cite the reference. For example, it is teb-ieo h cnwegetscino hpreferable to state, "cells were broken by ultrasonic thearby-le,orerttheAckowendgmen section ofthnetreatment as previously described (9)," rather than to prnimarydaortce rewricteothsppeindixpsodtht aritcanle,state, "cells were broken as previously described (9)." conidhereful-eghorpublic le.Eqationsannepnetartles,anThe reader should be allowed to assess the method eithrer fhull-length elorNotestyele.EutionsA tablesindwithout constant reference to previous publications. figuesshumrld be labeledgwiththem letmthoerA preedingthDescribe new methods completely and give sources of thennumera tofhditinuihthe.rmtoectdihunusual chemicals, equipment, or microbial strains,. anbd o h etWhen large numbers of microbial strains or mutants

LieaueCtdThLtrtreiedsconmtare used in a study, include tables identifying the itcueratu releCited Theblitherature,

Citdsectionmstesources and properties of the strains, mutants, bacte- ieerncluesalmrleat pubished worketet randgallithedriophages, plasmids, etc. references mustdbeecitedin tlhae text. Ardrange thesEnzyme purifications should be described in this Lieautuore CitdsumerctonseuinvalphAbbeticliorer byofrstlsection, but the results of such procedures should be nauthor ancodinume onSecuiaely.ureAbbrevithe journadescribed in the Results section. nmsacrigt eilSucsfrteBOIA method, strain, etc., used in only one of several Data Base (Bio~ciences Information Service, 1989).

experiments reported in the paper may be described in Cite each listed reference in the text by number.the Results section or very briefly (one or two sen- The following types of references are not valid fortences) in a table footnote or figure legend. listing: unpublished data, personal communications,

manuscripts in preparation, manuscripts submitted,Results. The Results section should include the "in press" references, pamphlets, abstracts, patents,

results of the experiments. Reserve extensive interpre- theses, dissertations, newsletters, letters to the editor,tation of the results for the Discussion section. Present editorials, and material that has not been subjected tothe results as concisely as possible in one of the peer review. References to such sources should befollowing: text, table(s), or figure(s). Avoid extensive made parenthetically in the text. An "in press" refer-use of graphs to present data that might be more ence to an ASM journal included in Literature Citedconcisely presented in the text or tables. For example, should state the control number (e.g., JB 976-90) or theexcept in unusual cases, double-reciprocal plots used month of publication, so that the copy editor canto determine apparent Km, values should not be pre- verify the reference and include it in the listed refer-sented as graphs; instead, the values should be stated ences.in the text. Similarly, graphs illustrating other methods Follow the styles shown in the examples below.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS v

bition by endotoxin in mice, p. 321-325. In D. Schies- these submissions, see the January 1990 issue ofASMsinger (ed.), Microbiology-1977. American Society for News.Microbiology, Washington, D.C.

3. Finegold, S. M., W. E. Shepherd, and E. H. Spaulding. Minireviews1977. Cumitech 5, Practical anaerobic bacteriology. Co- Minireviews are brief summaries (limit of 4 printedordinating ed., W. E. Shepherd. American Society for pages) of developments in fast-moving areas. TheyMicrobiology, Washington, D.C.mutbbaeonpbihdrics;hymyades4. Leadbetter, E. R. 1974. Order II. Cytophagales nomen mnustbjecbasedinpulihed arties;fJB thiveyma maddesnovum, p. 99. In R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons anyihesubjectithin the sopfereof JB.hMinirevewspomayn(ed.), Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th b ihrslctdo rfee yatosrsodned. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore. to a recognized need. Irrespective of origin, minire-

5. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics, p. views are subject to editorial review.352-355. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Letters to the EditorHarbor, N.Y.

Paretheicalrefrencsi th tex shuld e ctedLetters to the Editor must include data to support

Parenthetical reeecsi h etsolectd the writer's argument and are intended only for com-

..asnfollows: h ranssaant xgntxc

ments on articles published previously in the journal.it.(.and protects the orgaisms agains Poxyge toxic-6 They may be no more than 500 words long. Send lettersity7(H. P.MsaadI rdvcFd rc 518, to the Publications Department. They will be proc-1976). ~~~~~~~~~~~essedand sent to the editor who handled the article in

... system was used (W. E. Scowcroft, A. H. Gibson, question. If the editor believes that publication isand J. D. Pagan, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., warranted, he will solicit a reply from the author of thein press). article and make a recommendation to the editor in... in linkage group XIV (R. D. Smyth, Ph.D. thesis, chief. Final approval for publication rests with theUniversity of California, Los Angeles, 1972). editor in chief. All letters intended for publication... in poly mitochondria (S. E. Mainzer and C. W. must be typed double spaced.Slayman, Abstr. Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol.1976, K15, p. 139). Errata

The Erratum section provides a means of correctingNotes errors (e.g., typographical) in published articles.The Note format is intended for the presentation of Changes in data and the addition of new material are

brief observations that do not warrant full-length pa- not permitted. Send errata directly to the Publicationspers. Submit Notes in the same way as full-length Department.papers. They receive the same review, and they are Author's Correctionsnot considered preliminary communications.ThAuhr)sCoecinetonpvdsamasEach Note must have an abstract of no more than 50 TeAto' orcinscinpoie enwords. Do not use section headings in the body of the of adding citations that were overlooked in a publishedNote; report methods, results, and discussion in a article. The author who failed to cite a reference andsingle section. Paragraph lead-ins are permissible. The the author whose paper was not cited must agree totext is not to exceed 1,000 words, and the number of such a publication; the editor, editor in chief, andfigures and tables should be kept to a minimum, chairman of the Publications Board will not be in-Materials and methods should be described in the text, volved. Letters from both authors must accompanynot in the figure legends or table footnotes. Present the author's correction sent to the Publications De-acknowledgments as in full-length papers, but do not partment.use a heading. The Literature Cited section is identical Disclaimersto that of full-length papers. Statements disclaiming governmental or any other

Physical Map of E. coi type of endorsement or approval will be deleted by theThe Journal of Bacteriology will publish in tabular Publications Department.

form and on a quarterly basis the physical location of ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLESgenes and loci assigned to the Escherichia coli chro- The figure number and authors' names should bemosome. This information can be presented by the written on all figures, either in the margin or on theunambiguous identification of a matching restriction back (marked lightly with a soft pencil). For micro-pattern or by the assignment of a gene or locus to a graphs especially, the top should be indicated as well.particular X phage from the "Miniset" library. Tables, Do not clasp figures to each other or to the manu-accompanied by a brief amount of text, should be script with paper clips. Insert small figures in an

Vi INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

page width: 351 inches for a single column and 67/8 10-4" ). Likewise, an enzyme activity of 0.06 U/miinches for a double column (maximum). Include only would be shown as 6, accompanied by the label 10-2the significant portion of an illustration. Photos must U/mi. The preferred designation would be 60 mU/mibe of sufficient contrast to withstand the inevitable loss (milliunits per milliliter).of contrast and detail inherent in the printing process.Submit one photograph of each continuous-tone figure Figure Legendsfor each copy of the manuscript; photocopies are not Legends should provide enough information so thatacceptable. If possible, the figures submitted should be the figure is understandable without frequent referencethe size they will appear when published so that no to the text. However, detailed experimental methodsreduction is necessary. If they must be reduced, make must be described in the Materials and Methodssure that all elements, including labeling, can with- section, not in a figure legend. A method that is uniquestand reduction and remain legible. to one of several experiments may be reported in a

If a figure is a composite of a continuous-tone legend only if the discussion is very brief (one or twophotograph and a drawing or labeling, the original sentences). Define all symbols and abbreviations usedcomposite must be provided for the printer (i.e., not a in the figure that have not been defined elsewhere.photograph of the composite). This original, labeled"4printer's copy,"~may be sent with the modified Tablesmanuscript to the editor. Type each table on a separate page. Arrange the

Electron and light micrographs must be direct cop- data so that columns of like material read down, noties of the original negative. Indicate the magnification across. The headings should be sufficiently clear sowith a scale marker on each micrograph. that the meaning of the data will be understandable

Color Photographs without reference to the text. See Abbreviations inColophoograhsre dscouage. Hoever if these instructions for those that should be used in

Colore photogaraph arlue discouragd Howeverthtife tables. Explanatory footnotes are acceptable, butthemarensceitssarysinclud taneta copyesiattetime more-extensive table "legends" are not. Footnotes

ofrmnuscriptbsubmisioned hsosthtaost esitimat foor should not include detailed descriptions of the exper-

printingrahmay tbeobtained bythe ostho rntnoor.iment. Tables must include enough information tophotogaphsmstbe orne b the athor.warrant table format; those with fewer than six pieces

Drawings of data will be incorporated into the text by the copySubmit graphs, charts, sequences, complicated editor. A well-constructed table is shown below.

chemical or mathematical formulas, diagrams, andother drawings as glossy photographs made from TABLE 1. Induction of creatinine deiminase in C. neoformansfinished drawings not requiring additional artwork or and C. bacillisporus

f

typesetting. Computer-generated graphics produced C. neoformans C. bacillisporuson high-quality laser printers are also usually accept- (NIH 12) (NIH 191)able. No part of the graph or drawing should be N sourcea~handwritten.Bothaxes of graphs must be labeled.Total Sp act Total Sp acthandwriten.Botaxeso graphs ust be abeled.enzymeb (U/mg of

enye (U/mg ofMost graphs will be reduced to one-column width (35/16 enye protein) enye protein)inches), and all elements in the drawing should be Ammonia 0.58 0.32 0.50 0.28large enough to withstand this reduction. Avoid heavy Glutamic acid 5.36 1.48 2.18 0.61letters, which tend to close up when reduced, and Aspartic acid 2.72 0.15 1.47 0.06unusual symbols, which the printer may not be able to Arginine 3.58 2.18 3.38 2.19reproduce in the legend. Creatinine 97.30 58.40 104.00 58.30

In figure ordinate and abscissa scales (as well as aThe inoculum was grown in glucose broth with ammonium sulfate,table column headings), avoid ambiguous use of num- washed twice, and then transferred into the media with the N sources listed

above.bers with exponents. Usually, it is preferable to use the b Enzyme units in cell extract obtained from ca. 1010 cells.app~ropriate SI symbols (p. for 10-6, m for 10-3, k for10_, M for 106 , etc.). A complete listing of SI symbolscan be found in the 1UPAC "Manual of Symbols and Tables that can be photographically reproduced forTerminology for Physicochemical Quantities and publication without further typesetting or artwork areUnits" (Pure Appi. Chem. 21:3-44, 1970). Thus, rep- referred to as "camera ready." They should not beresentation of 20,000 cpm on a figure ordinate should hand lettered and must be carefully prepared to con-be made by the number 20, accompanied by the label form with the style of the journal. The advantage ofkcpm. submitting camera-ready copy is that the material will

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS Vii

NOMENCLATURE Yeasts: a Taxonomic Study, 3rd ed. (N. J. W. Kreger-ChemicaandBichemiclNomenlaturevan Rij, ed., Elsevier Science Publishers B .V., 1984)ChemicaandBichemiclNomenlatureand Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi,The recognized authority for the names of chemical Including the Lichens, 7th ed. (Commonwealth Myco-

compounds is Chemical Abstracts (Chemical Ab- logical Institute, Kew, Surrey, England, 1983).stracts Service, Ohio State University, Columbus) and Microorganisms, viruses, and plasmids should beits indexes. The Merck Index (10th ed., 1983; Merck & given designations consisting of letters and serial num-Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J.) is also an excellent source. bers. It is generally advisable to include a worker'sFor guidelines to the use of biochemical terminology, initials or a descriptive symbol of locale, laboratory,consult the following: Biochemical Nomenclature and etc., in the designation. Each new strain, mutant,Related Documents, 1978, reprinted for The Biochem- isolate, or derivative should be given a new (serial)ical Society, London; the instructions to authors of the designation. This designation should be distinct fromJournal of Biological Chemistry and the Archives of those of the genotype and phenotype, and genotypicBiochemistry and Biophysics (first issues of each and phenotypic symbols should not be included.year); and the Handbook of Biochemistry and Molec-

GntcNmnltrular Biology (U. D. Fasman, ed., 3rd ed., CRC Press, GntcNmnltrInc., 1976). .Bacteria. The genetic properties of bacteria areDo not express molecular weight in daltons; molec- described in terms of phenotypes and genotypes. The

ular weight is a unitless ratio. Molecular mass is phenotype describes the observable properties of anexpressed in daltons. organism. The genotype refers to the genetic consti-For enzymes, use the recommended (trivial) name tution of an organism, usually in reference to some

assigned by the Nomenclature Committee of the In- standard wild type. Use the recommendations ofternational Union of Biochemistry as described in Demerec et al. (Genetics 54:61-76, 1966) as a guide toEnzyme Nomenclature (Academic Press, Inc., 1984). the use of these terms.If a nonrecommended name is used, place the proper (i) Phenotypic designations must be used when(trivial) name in parentheses at first use in the abstract mutant loci have not been identified or mapped. Phe-and text. Use the EC number when one has been notypic designations generally consist of three-letterassigned, and express enzyme activity either in katals symbols; these are not italicized, and the first letter of(preferred) or in the older system of micromoles per the symbol is capitalized. It is preferable to use romanminute. or arabic numerals (instead of letters) to identify a

NomenclatueofMicrorganismsseries of related phenotypes. Thus, nucleic acidNomenclatureofMicroorganismspolymerase mutants might be designated Poll, PoI2,Binary names, consisting of a generic name and a Pol3, etc. Wild-type characteristics can be designated

specific epithet (e.g., Escherichia coli), must be used with a superscript plus (Pol') and, when necessary forfor all microorganisms. Names of higher categories clarity, negative superscripts (PolF) can be used tomay be used alone, but specific and subspecific epi- designate mutant characteristics. Lowercase super-thets may not. A specific epithet must be preceded by script letters may be used to further delineate pheno-a generic name the first time it is used in a paper. types (e.g., Strs for streptomycin sensitivity). Pheno-Thereafter, the generic name should be abbreviated to typic designations should be defined.the initial capital letter (e.g., E. coli), provided there (ii) Genotypic designations are similarly indicatedcan be no confusion with other genera used in the by three-letter locus symbols. In contrast to pheno-paper. Names of all taxa (phyla [for fungi, divisions], typic designations, these are lowercase italic (e.g., araclasses, orders, families, genera, species, subspecies) his rps). If several loci govern related functions, theseare printed in italics and should be underlined in the are distinguished by italicized capital letters followingmanuscript; strain designations and numbers are not. the locus symbol (e.g., araA araB araC). Promoter,The spelling of bacterial names should follow the terminator, and operator sites should be indicated as

Approved Lists ofBacterial Names (American Society described by Bachmann and Low (Microbiol. Rev.for Microbiology, 1980) and the validation lists and 44:1-56, 1980), e.g., lacZp, lacAt, and lacZo.relevant articles published in the International Journal (iii) Wild-type alleles are indicated with a super-of Systematic Bacteriology since 1980. If there is script plus (ara' his'). A superscript minus is not usedreason to use a name that does not have standing in to indicate a mutant locus; thus, one refers to an aranomenclature, the name should be enclosed in quota- mutant rather than an ara- strain.tion marks and an appropriate statement concerning (iv) Mutation sites are designated by placing serialthe nomenclatural status of the name should be made isolation numbers (allele numbers) after the locusin the text (for an example, see Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. symbol (e.g., araAl araA2). If only a single such locus30:547-56 1980).ex1-"Ist ri ti o know inwihofsvrl eae

Viii INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Escherichia coli, there is a registry of such numbers: number 236 refers to the locus of the insertion, and ifE. ccli Genetic Stock Center, Department of Biology, the strain carries an additional gal mutation, it is listedYale University, P. 0. Box 6666, New Haven, CT separately. Additional examples, which utilize a06511-7444. For Salmonella, the registry is: Salmo- slightly different format, can be found in the papers bynella Genetic Stock Center, Department of Biology, Campbell et al. and Novick et al. cited below. It isUniversity of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 important in reporting the construction of strains inCanada. For Bacillus, the registry is: the Bacillus which a mobile element was inserted and subsequentlyGenetic Stock Center, Ohio State University, Colum- deleted that this latter fact be noted in the strain table.bus. A registry of allele numbers and insertion ele- This can be done by listing the genotype of the strainments (omega [fl] numbers) for chromosomal muta- used as an intermediate, in a table footnote, or by ations and chromosomal insertions of transposons and direct or parenthetical remark in the genotype, e.g.,other insertion elements has been established in con- (F-), AMu cts, mal: :AMu cts: :lac. In setting paren-junction with the ISP collection of Staphylococcus thetical remarks within the genotype or dividing theaureus at Iowa State University. Blocks of allele genotype into constituent elements, parentheses andnumbers and £1 numbers are assigned to laboratories square brackets are used without special meaning;on request. Requests for blocks of numbers and addi- square brackets are used outside parentheses. Totional information can be obtained from Peter A. indicate the presence of an episome, parentheses (orPattee', Department of Microbiology, Iowa State Uni- brackets) are used (X, Fe). Reference to an integratedversity, Ames, IA 50011. A registry of plasmid desig- episome is indicated as described for inserted ele-nations is maintained by the Plasmid Reference Cen- ments, and an exogenote is shown as, for example,ter, Department of Medical Microbiology, Stanford W3110IF'8(gal').University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305. Any deviations from standard genetic nomenclature

(v) The use of superscripts with genotypes (other should be explained in Materials and Methods or in athan + to indicate wild-type alleles) should be table of strains. For information about the symbols inavoided. Designations indicating amber mutations current use, consult Bachmann (B. J. Bachmann, p.(Am), temperature-sensitive mutations (Ts), constitu- 807-876, in J. L. Ingraham, K. B. Low, B. Ma-tive mutations (Con), cold-sensitive mutations (Cs), gasanik, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger, ed.,production of a hybrid protein (Hyb), and other im- Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellu-portant phenotypic properties should follow the allele lar and Molecular Biology, 1987, American Society fornumber [e.g., araA23O(Am) hisD2J(Ts)]. All other Microbiology, Washington, D.C.) for E. coli K-12,such designations of phenotype must be defined at the Sanderson and Roth (Microbiol. Rev. 52:485-532,first occurrence. If superscripts must be used, they 1988) for Salmonella typhimurium, Holloway et al.must be approved by the editor and they must be (Microbiol. Rev. 43:73-102, 1979) for Pseudomonias,defined at the first occurrence. Piggot and Hoch (Microbiol. Rev. 49:158-179, 1985)

Subscripts may be used in two situations. Subscripts for Bacillus subtilis, Perkins et al. (Microbiol. Rev.may be used to distinguish between genes (having the 46:426-570, 1982) for Neurospora crassa, andsame name) from different organisms or strains, e.g., Mortimer and Schild (Microbiol. Rev. 49:181-213,hiSE ccli or hiSKl12 for the his genes of E. coli or strain 1985) for Saccharomyces cerevisiae.K-12 in another species or strain, respectively. Anabbreviation could also be used if it were explained. "Mutant" vs. "mutation." Keep in mind the distinc-Similarly, a subscript is also used to distinguish be- tion between a mutation (an alteration of the primarytween genetic elements that have the same name. For sequence of the genetic material) and a mutant (aexample, the promoters of the gln operon can be strain carrying one or more mutations). One maydesignated glnAp1 and glnAP2. This form departs speak about the mapping of a mutation, but one cannotslightly from that recommended by Bachmann and map a mutant. Likewise, a mutant has no geneticLow (e.g., des~ip). locus, only a phenotype.

(vi) Deletions are indicated by the symbol A~placedbefore the deleted gene or region, e.g., AtrpA432, Strain designations. Do not use the genotype as aA(aroP-aceE)419, or Ahis(dhuA hisJ hisQ)1256. Simi- name (e.g., "subsequent use of leuC6 for transduc-larly, other symbols can be used (with appropriate tion"). If a strain designation has not been chosen,definition). Thus, a fusion of the ara and lac operons select an appropriate word combination (e.g., "anoth-can be shown as 'F(ara-lac)95. Similarly, 'I?(araB'- er strain containing the leuC6 mutation").lacZ')96 indicates that the fusion results in a truncatedaraB gene fused to an intact lacZ, and 'F(malE- Bacteriophages. The genetic nomenclature forlacZ)97(Hyb) shows that a hybrid protein is synthe- phages differs from that for bacteria. In most in-csized. An% inerio s honasINrnD-rn)J An tnepae aen peoye ic hyhv

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS ix

example, a mutant strain of K might be designated as require air." In reporting statistics and calculations, itAamll int2 redll4 c1857; this strain carries mutations is correct to say "The values for the ABC cells arein genes cl, int, and red and an amber-suppressible statistically significant, indicating that the drug inhib-(am) mutation in gene A. A strain designated X att'134 ited....imm2 would represent a hybrid of phage X which For an in-depth discussion of tense in scientificcarries the immunity region (imm) of phage 21 and the writing, see p. 158-160 in How to Write and Publish aattachment (att) region of phage 434. Host DNA Scientific Paper, 3rd ed.insertions into phages should be delineated by squarebrackets, and the genetic symbols and designations for Abbreviationssuch inserted DNA should conform to those used for General. Abbreviations should be used as an aid tothe host genome. Genetic symbols for phage K can be the reader, rather than as a convenience to the author,found in Szybalski and Szybalski (Gene 7:217-270, and therefore their use should be limited. Abbrevia-1979) and in Echols and Murialdo (Microbiol. Rev. tions other than those recommended by the IUPAC-42:577-591,1978). ~~~IUB (Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Docu-

Tranposbleeleent,pasmdsandresricionen- ments, 1978) should be used only when a case can beTranposblelemntsplamid, an retricionen- made for necessity, such as in tables and figures.zymes. Nomenclature of transposable elements (inser- It is often possible to use pronouns or to paraphrasetion sequences, transposons, phage Mu, etc.) should a long word after its first use (e.g., "the drug," "thefollow the recommendations of Campbell et al. (Gene substrate"). Standard chemical symbols and trivial5:197-206, 1979), with the modifications given in sec- names or their symbols (folate., Ala, Leu, etc.) may betionvi.Theystmofdesgnaing ranposo iner- used for terms that appear in full in the neighboring

tions at sites where there are no known loci, e.g., text.zef-123::TnS, has been described by Chumley et al. It is strongly recommended that all abbreviations(Genetics 91:639-655, 1979). The nomenclature rec- except those listed below be introduced in the firstommedatonsofovic etal.(Bateril. ev.40: paragraph in Materials and Methods. Alternatively,

168-189, 1976) for plasmids and plasmid-specified ac- define each abbreviation and introduce it in parenthe-tivities, of Low (Bacteriol. Rev. 36:587-607, 1972) for ses the first time it is used: e.g., "cultures were grownF-prime factors, and of Roberts (Nucleic Acids Res. in Eagle minimal essential medium (MEM)." Gener-17:r347-r387, 1989) for restriction enzymes and their ally eliminate abbreviations that are not used at leastisoschizomers should be used. Recombinant DNA yetmsi h tx icuigtalsadfgrmolecules constructed in vitro follow the nomencla- fiegtiens)i. h et(icuigtblsadfgrture for insertions in general. DNA inserted into lend)recombinant DNA molecules should be described by Not requiring introduction. In addition to abbrevia-using the gene symbols and conventions for the organ- tions for standard units of measurement and chemicalism from which the DNA was obtained. The Plasmid symbols of the elements, the following should be usedReference Center (B. Lederberg, Plasmid Reference without definition in the title, abstract, text, figureCenter, Department of Microbiology and Immunol- legends, and tables: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid);ogy, 5402, Stanford University Medical School, Stan- cDNA (complementary DNA); RNA (ribonucleicford, CA 94305-2499) assign's Tn and IS numbers to acid); cRNA (complementary RNA); RNase (ribonucle-avoid conflicting and repetitive use and also clears ase); DNase (deoxyribonuclease); rRNA (ribosomalnonconflicting plasmid prefix designations. RNA); mRNA (messenger RNA); tRNA (transfer

RNA); AMP, ADP, ATP, dAMP, ddATP, GTP, etc.ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS (for the respective 5' phosphates of adenosine or other

nucleosides) (add 2'-, 3'-, or 5'- when needed forVerb Tense contrast); ATPase, dGTPase,, etc. (adenosine triphos-Use the past tense to narrate particular events in the phatase, deoxyguanosine triphosphatase, etc.); NAD

past, including the procedures, observations, and data (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide); NAD' (nic'otin-of the study that you are reporting. Use the present amide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized),; NADH (nico-tense for your own general conclusions, the conclu- tinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced); NADPsions of previous researchers, and generally accepted (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate);facts. Thus, most of the abstract, Materials and Meth- NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phos-ods, and Results sections will be in the past tense, and phate, reduced); poly(A), poly(dT), etc. (polyadenylicmost of the introduction and some of the Discussion acid, polydeoxythymidylic acid, etc.); oligo(dT), etc.will be in the present tense. (oligodeoxythymidylic acid, etc.); Pi (orthophos-Be aware that it may be necessary to vary the tense phate); PP1 (pyrophosphate); UV. (ultraviolet); PFU

x INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

diaminetetraacetic acid). Abbreviations for cell lines example, "jxmol g-1 min"'is preferable to "~LmolIg(e.g., HeLa) also need not be defined, per min."The following abbreviations should be used without See the CRE Style Manual, 5th ed., for more de-

definition in tables: tailed information about reporting numbers. Also con-

amt (amount) SE (standard error) tamned in this source is information on SI units for theapprx(aproxmatey)SM (sandad eror o thereporting of illumination, energy, frequency, pressure,avgro (average) tly Sme(san)aderr fteand other physical terms. Always report numerical

concn (concentration) sp act (specific activity) data in the appropriate SI unit.diam (diameter) sp gr (specific gravity)expt (experiment) temp (temperature) Iooial aee opudexptl (experimental) tr (trace)ht (height) vol (volume) For simple molecules, isotopic labeling is indicatedmo (month) vs (versus) in the chemical formula (e.g., 4C02, 3H20, H235S04).mol wt (molecular weight) wk (week) Brackets are not used when the isotopic symbol isno. (number) wt (weight) attached to a word that is not a specific chemicalprepn (preparation) yr (year) name (eg.1311-labeled protein, "'C-amino acids , 3H-SD (standard deviation) lIgns(et.).,

Reporting Numerical Data For specific chemicals, the symbol for the isotopeStandard metric units are used for reporting length, introduced is placed in square brackets directly pre-

weight, and volume. For these units and for molarity, cdn h ato h aeta ecie h aeeusehenefixs m . nand for10-3, 10-6, 10-9, entity. Note that configuration symbols and modifiersusetheP2refiesm. , n. an pforprecede the isotopic symbol. The following examplesand 10 , respectively. Likewise, use the prefix k for ilutaecrctsg:

10 Avoid compound prefixes such as mp. or pLp.. Use ilutaecrctsg:

[tg/ml or pLg/g in place of the ambiguous ppm. Units of [14C]urea [_y-32P]ATPtemperature are presented as follows: 370C or 324 K. L-[methyl-14C]methionine UDP-[U-14C]glucoseWhen fractions are used to express units such as [2,3_3H~serine E. Ccli [32P]DNA

enzymatic activities., it is preferable to use whole [a-14C]lysine fructose 1,6-[1_32Plbisphosphateunits, -such as "g" or "min," in the denominatorinstead of fractional or multiple units, such as pRg or 10 This journal follows the same conventions for iso-mmn. For example, "pmol/min" would be preferable to topic labeling as the Journal of Biological Chemistry,"6nmol/10 min," and "pRmol/g" would be preferable to and more detailed information can be found in the"nmol/pRg." It is also preferable that an unambiguous instructions to authors of that journal (first issue ofform such as the exponential notation be used; for each year).

1990 APPLICATION FOR STUDENT MEMBERSHIP IN THEAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY

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Eligibility Any matriculated student majoring in microbiology or a related field who has not earned a doctoral degree is eligible for electionas a Student Member. Student Members have all the privileges of membership except the right to vote and hold office in theSociety. Student Members recehe ASM News monthly and are entitled to subscrtbe to the Society's scientific Journals at member rates.

Initiation Memberships are initiated and renewed in January each year Uniess there are directions to the contrary, membership nomina-tions received prior to September 1 are credited to the current year, and back issues of the selected publications for the currentyear are furnished, if available. Nominations received after September 1 will become effective the following January.

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SIGNATURE OF ASM MEMBER*If your departmental chairman is a member of the ASM, a nominating signature is not required. If you are not associated with an ASM nominating member, youcan still send in this member application torm and we will contact you. Be sure to include your dues.

Member How did you learn about the ASM? (Check one):Informlation []1A colleague [ZAn advertisement in a journal D Presenting a paper at an ASM meeting

E A professor []Direct mail inquiry ElAn ASM BranchEl An ASM journal El A workshop, conference or meeting [1 None of the above

Journals Please check:El] Enclosed is my dues payment (U.S. Dollars only)...........................$10El~Please send me the following ASM journal(s) at Member Price(s):

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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy..............$35 ...$61 .... $171 ____ AAApplied and Environmental Microbiology..............39 ...74.... 189 ____ AEMolecular and Cellular Biology..................43 ...93.... 268 ____ CBClinical Microbiology Reviews..................17 ...32.... 62 ____ cmInfection and Immunity.....................41 ...81 .... 231 ____ IAInternational Journal of Systematic Bacteriology ...........35 ...42.... 77 ____ IJJournal of Bacteriology.....................41 ...91 .... 311 ____ JBJournal of Clinical Microbiology .................35 ...65.... 180 ____ CJournal of Virology......................41 ... 91 .. 271 ____ JMicrobiological Reviews ....................17 ...32.... 62 ____ MASM News ................................. 70 ___*Surface mail is a combination of air freight and surface delivery Total Journal Fees $ ____

IF YOU WANT TO RECEIVE THE ANNUAL Add your $10 Membership Dues + $10MEETING PROGRAM (FREE, CHECK HERE: []

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A membership card and the journal(s) of your choice will be sent within 90 days upon completion of processing. ASM dues are tax deductibleto the extent permitted by law. ASM designates $7 of your dues for ASM Neyn Rates are for 1990 only.Applicants must remit in U.S. Dollars by check or draft payable to ASM through a U.S. bank located within the Continental U.S. Applicantsfrom Canada may use check made out in U.S. Dollars and drawn on a Canadian bank or applicants may choose to pay with VISA, MasterCard,or American Express. If that is your preference, please fill in the box below.