journal-final

Journal

Architecture Design Studio Air 2012 Semester 1 Ruxi Gao 387207

MORIYAMA HOUSE is located in a traditional part of Tokyo. There are more than ten blocks on the site, each with a different function. These blocks are connected and dismantled across the site, which creates a series of independent courtyards.

In this house, the client is given the freedom to de-cide which parts of the cluster of rooms will be used for residential rooms and which for rental rooms. This house represents the 'Dismantling, multiple tenancy' principles of the Sejima design spirit.

Human activity was considered as a part of the build-ing is design with the use of huge glass walls, which is very interesting to me as Seijima design challenges the tradition of people seeing the apartment as a 'private' space, by designing the apartment more 'public' space. Also, the smallness of rooms, roof gardens and court-yards is a silent rebuttal to Koolhaas' assertion that 'minimum is maximum in drag'.

Therefore, the INNOVATIVE design ideas such as disman-tling, smallness, humans as a part of nature, and merg-ing public and private spaces are the main architectural discourses of this building. I personally believe that the 'silent rebuttal' is a really good way to influence, to guide and to help people accept the new objects, such as computation, parametric design etc, although it may take a long time.

EOI -- Part I.1: Case for InnovationArchitecture DiscourseWeek 1

Personal: Boathouse 2011

State of the Art: Moriyama House Sejima 2005Galaxy Soho Zaha Hadid 2009

Key Words:

Architecture as ART

SIGNURBAN EXPERIENCE

DismantlingCourtyardTransparencyMultiple Tenancy

+TopographyMovementComputerlizing

THE GALAXY SOHO project in central Beijing for SoHo China was inspired by the grand scale of Beijing. Its architecture is a composition of five continuous, flowing volumes that are dismantled, but linked by stretched bridges. These volumes adapt to each other in all directions, generating a panoram-ic architecture without corners or abrupt transitions that break the fluidity of its formal composition.

The shifted plateaus within the design impact upon each other to generate a deep sense of movement and envelop-ment, which forms a continued curved linearity.

Compared to Sejima's traditional 'silent' and 'light' design, the architectural discourse of Zaha Hadid's design is created by the innovation of 'moving feeling' and computerization. The use of computer modelling makes the building more compli-cated, but it is also more modernized, which suits the fast developing currency of Beijing.

Whereas Sejima's approach is a 'silent rebuttal' to main-stream traditionally-influnced design, Zaha's approach is a more direct, aggressive, revolutionary reaction. Since Zaha's computer-skill-based style draws nearer to the more mod-ernist parametric design, it is a reaction against both Se-jima's design and mainstream traditionally-influenced design.

In my design, I tried to follow Sejima's design principles. In the first conceptual planning stage, I tried to design a series of blocks with different usage to demostrate the 'dismantling' principle.

As the site has a very deep slope (12 meters), I have added some pilotis to some of the pavillions to support, and to provide a 'light' feeling. To link these pavillions together and create a better circulation, I have put several stairs, installed two elevators and created a white-pebble padding for visitors.

Compare to Zaha Hadid's work, my design has a simpler and more organic shape, and forming a quiet, light and steady atmosphere simillar to what Sejima did.

By using computation tools, it allows me to explore more design possibilities in a very efficient way; the best way to combine building blocks were discover, and the accurate building outcome were also calculated by computer, which helped me choosing building materials and to fit the blocks into the site.

'It is possible to claim that a designer's creativity is limited by the very programs that are supposed to free their imagination.'Terzidis, Kostas (2009).

EOI Computing in ArchitectureWeek 2

State of the Art: ORN8 G. Cruz, S. Kaprinis, N. Popik, M. Tsironi, 2011Kaohsiung Marine Gateway Asymptote Architecture & Artech Architecture, 2010

Parametric Design

Parametric design does not have a clear definition, but is related to terms such as: generative, computational, digital, unclear, futurism, associative etc. It is based on computer-modeling but is much more complicated. When modeling concepts using parametric design methods, certain operations will be simplified, repetitive and less time consuming since data is calculated by com-puter; however, the parametric design is not omnipotent since the main design ideas still need to be worked out by human. Therefore, parametric design should be used as a tool for designers.

Unique Innovation

Along with the social, economic development and media spread, people's desire forbeau-ty is exploding and speeding-up as well. These needs encourages newer technologies and ideals to be developed and innovated, to replace traditional technologies thus satis-fies people's need. In this way, unique innovations have appeared, and these technolo-gies have naturally been incorporated into modern architectural design (Ottchen, 2009).

The BMW Pavilion

THE BMW PAVILION was designed by Bemhaed Frank-en (ABB Architecture); Frankfurt Motor Show, Germany, 1999. It was inspired by two interacting water droplets.

This transparent building, which used a freeform net and mem-brane in this construction, has the shape of a water drop and of a solar cloud. Digital tools were used at every stage in the process, from design to manufacturing. Isomorphic design was used to simulate the physical forces of two water drops merg-ing under the influence of gravity and thus generating form.

Isomorphic design is based on the isomorphic poly-surface in Maya (from Alias Wave Front). In the gateway project, similar outcomes can be created using Grasshopper. Compared to the previous project ORN8, this building is more practi-cal and less controversial in its results. However, from its plans, we can clearly see the advantages of using comput-er programs in the drawing, designing and modeling tage to speed up designing, to improve accuracy in building details, to simulate possible failures, and to simplify complex problems.

ORN8, Novel Ineriorities

0RN8 pursues the creation of new interiorities through the expansion of and development of both existing structural systems and the lattest cutting-edge structural systems. The development of such systems must occur within the de-fining parameters of the systems' own rules and guide lines.

In this project, Gothic vault bay tectonic systems were used to analyse the arch, rib and profile curvatures, as well as the variable thicknesses and depths, in an attempt to parameterize the entire vault bay struc-tural system. This parameterization will eventually lead to the creation of a novel, autopoietic and parametric, proto-design system, which will give birth to a variety of inherently multi-systematic and adaptive interiorities.

Further modeling and scripting experimentation with the concepts of the parameterization of the Gothic vault bay, of field component organizations, of globally af-fected field and mesh geometries, of coloration dif-ferentiation induced, and of form-generating patterns, inform the current system deployment tactics. The outcome of the aforementioned design research pro-cess will be the creation of interiorities of multi-lay-ered complexity and differentiation. Eventually, these will be generated intrinsically and autogenously in-situ, and constructed according to contemporary pro-totypical design and fabrication protocols, based on the current AA Design Research Laboratory's agenda.

I personally think this project is more like a visual-art ob-ject rather than an architectural project. The architects of this project seem focused on aesthetic aspects rather than practical aspects which architecture should have. Howeve, if we look architecture as a 'sign', this project would be a very successful monumental building which is aesthecti-cally attractive, modernist and stylelish. Therefore it can be seen as a good computerized example from which I could learn and get inspiration for my own Gateway Project.

EOI Parametric Modeling-Contemporary Scripting CulturesWeek 3

Advantage of Scripting Culture:

Can afford a significantly deeper engagement between the computer and user; Can be the antidote to standardisation forced by an ambition to lower production costs;

'Scripting Cultures considers the implications of lower-level computer programming (scripting) as it becomes more widely taken up and more confidently embedded into the "design process'". '

-- Burry, Mark, 2011

The 'CONNECTING WEB', designed by Danil Caven, is located in the sections and renderings in Chicago, Illi-nois. It is constructed of circular HSS tubing which acts as structural members that support a fiberglass platform; this platform holds rest and lounge areas for visitors.

The 'Connecting Web' allows for a certain amount of natural light to enter the passage for users, which is intended to create an atmosphere of relaxation and com-fort for visitors amidst the entanglement of the building. The use of ivy creates an elevated green public space that psychologically gives the public a connection with NATURE. The 'Connecting Web' pedestrian bridge also has an organic shape, which was inspired by a spider's web.

This project was created using Grasshop-per, expresses contemporary scripting cultures which allows it to adapt itself to most situa-tions by taking advances of parametric modeling.

The 'Connecting Web' also takes initiative in stand-ing up for environmental factors, allowingwind and light to pass through its web-like outer shell. To create a sustainable solution degrading natural shading in the summer months, the 'Connecting Web' incorporatesivy growth in the outer web to block the sun's rays; this adds to the practical merit of the project.

Compared to the previous two designs, 'Connect-ing Web' is less limited by area; it can be placed and used in connection between any building gaps. It is easy to construct, cheaper, in cost and takes less time, and these are many of the advantage of script-ing culture compared to other computational processes.

Design Philosophy: Naturalism

Contemporary Scripting

Other Projects using similar design

On Air Music Hall -- Yeliz Ossoy:

This project is inspired by a cellular system. Its massive hardouter shell and contrary soft interior body links to the genetic mutation.The overall compositional mass of the performance hall isa structural challenge. Thus the material for the concert hall andits interior is lightweight, which makes the project look fragile.

Maritime Cultural & Pop Music Center -- Made In Architects:

This project proposes a responsible urbanism based onthe heterogeneity of the program. It merges cultural spheres(both musical and maritime), natural spheres (eg. hexagonshapes, roof gardens, tree-like columns etc.), and urbanspheres into the one site, including a city extension, night market etc.

NYU Department of Philosophy steven holl

CASE OF INNOVATION CONCLU-SION

Parametric design as a rising design technique which is being used more and more by architects, and is started to play a part in people daily life. Further-more, the Gateway Project offers a great oppor-tunity which allows us to engage with parametric design without much restricts, and to encourages us to create innovative, cutting-edge designs.

However, this great freedom also can cause seri-ous problems in reality; for example, it could bring extreme difficulties for construction. If we look in another way, the inter-reaction between creativity and innovation in design can also help to promote the construction technology.

Therefore, if we balance ideas and technology carefully, it is not impossible to realize innovative projects.

naturetheme

The Wyndham City council aims for a gateway design to achieve abstract forms that inspires posi-tive arrival experience and emphasis the natural environment, histories and heritage of municipality. In relation to the topic of nature, the concept was inspired by the very basic form of nature: plants. From the invisible cells, formulating a physical stem which grows leafs and petals in repetition, generating a flower; it is the concept of parts to whole in architecture: the interrelation between components which formulates the structure from the very foundation. From this origin, the design process experiments the extent in which seamless dots formulates a line, and lines formulates an image, shadow, light and motion from very simple adjustments in various combination of Input, Association and Outputs; embracing design aim.

In accordance to Kalays Architectures New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer Aided Design, the design process develops through rationalization for easy fabrication in later stage.

EOI -- Part I.2: Research ProjectScope of PossibilitiesWeek 4

wyndham city gateway

aspiration intent

arrival experience

feeling

abstarct

visual art

new identity

prince highwaymotorist

Matric Combinations

Matrics in this page are mainly created by different incomes and outcomes connecting to Image Sampler.

The association of Image Sampler was choosen since it has a charcteris-tic of flexiblility, changful, and very easy to use. As we can see, lots of interesting patterns which gives out different feelings can be created.

In this page, we tried to apply Grasshop-per definitions to 3D surfaces. The pro-cess is easy and quick, with very conplex and interesting outcomes.

surface normal + image sampler + rotation explicit grid + image sampler + circle

Rotation inspires motion in design, in addition to image sampler and sur-face normal forms soft delicate flows of lines and points which dem-onstrates abstract moving effect of driving on the Princes Freeway.

A combination of explicit grid, image sampler and circles produces digital design of visual organic formation. Simple multiplication of circles and arbitrary voids produces blurred abstract image, allowing different interpretation of whether the image is a part of a larger image or itself a complete picture of an abstract form.

Best Two Matrics:


intention

soft surface boundary

- to recreate the characteristic natural environ-

ment of Sendai into the restaurant

- The curvature form of perforated steel imi-

tates the road side Zelkovas tree, and through

innovative digital designs of perforation in the

material, the backlit lighting projects the image

of trees and produces a seamless soft bound-

ary surface which show the continuity from

roadside landscape into interior space of Aoba

Tei.

Case Study: AobaTei Restaurant

how he achieve?

- by using wrapping method of the choosen repre-sentative image through the entire curvature form

- using CNC router- a standardized peforated hole size of 4mm, 6mm,

9mm with 15mm spacing

TECHNIQUESSQUARE GRID LINE+IMAGE SAMPLER+CIRCLE

INPUT :

ASSOCIATION :

OUTPUT :

test 1

test 2

Manipulation of

Scale

Constrast

Density

Light and Shadow

compressed shadow space transition

Hitoshi innovatively incorporated the traditional japanese architecture into the modern setting of Aoba Tei restaurant, using the features of progressive shad-ows and light from the transparency of rice paper in the traditional Japanese

home.

They limit light, reduce contrast, and have an earthy aroma

The transitional experience from dark to light in correspondance with funtional-ity of rooms. He cleverly uses modern materials and methods to manipulate light

and shadow in an enclosed environment.His project suceeds in which he uses perforated steel and artificial lighting,

materials and methods very much opposite to nature and used to frabricate the atmosphere of the Sendai landscape.

our anchestors, forced to live in dark rooms, presently came to discover beauty in shadows, ultimately to guide shadows,

heavy shadows against light shadows - Junichiro Tanizaki(Novelist) , in In Praise of Shadow

how innovative?

TECHNIQUESSQUARE GRIDLINE+IMAGE SAMPLER + RATIONALISATION+CIRCLE

INPUT :

ASSOCIATION :

OUTPUT :

test 3

4mm,6mm,9mm spacing 15mm


12mm,16mm,18mm spacing


4.5mm,6mm,10mm spacing

2.5mm,1.5mm,3mm spacing

3.5mm,7mm,8mm spacing


material effectsRestaurant Aoba Tei by Hitoshi Abe establishes a visual dia-logue between the characteristic landscapes of Sendai into the internal environment of the restaurant. This case study pro-vides further architectural philosophy, exploring the boundary of relationship between nature and the materiality. What is materiality? What is nature? All material is a formed of nature in one way or another, then where does the line lie to separate the two? Thus leads to the experimenta-tion of physical abilities of cardboard. It is stiff and rigid similar to perforated steel (ma-teriality) used in Aoba Tei, and under submergence it softens, bends like wood (nature) over long period of environmental exposure. Our aim to produce an imitation of Aoba Tei restaurant but also to further explore the transi-tion of space, which cardboard is used as a physical transition medium (distortion of materiality and nature) between the ex-ternal and internal space. The perforation of material imitates and projects nature and the sensation of natural environment.

http://vimeo.com/41079058

start

end


assembly methodsThe Aoba Tei restaurant was welded onsite with spe-cialised professional craftmanship. Craftman were able

to deform the steel panels at key points by heating and chilling.

The assembly methods of the model is similar to Aoba Tei restaurant. A thin framing element is used to permenantly prop the steel/card-

board into the desired curvature form; setting the wall in place.

The steel walls were assembled from smaller seg-ments; the model presented is at the scale of 1:5 to

the steel panels.

Perforated steel was precasted and assembled on site. Our model was laser cutted and assembled accordingly to

the framming.

EOI -- Part I.3 & I.4: Research ProjectConclusionWeek 8

The two major attributes that were adopted into the fabrication are: - the concept: using nature and traditional contextThe idea is unique, as it incorporates the very nature of the environment into the mate-rial itself. Not only projecting impression of nature but physically altering material form corresponding to Zelkovas trees. - the method: digital fabrication, industrial productionAoba Tei restaurant is innovative in many aspects. Material choice is cheap and eas-ily assembled; prefabrication allows time efficiency in construction of the building. The design will be cheap, time efficient, easily aWWssembled, an inspirational visual public art, and abstract form of nature.In the Gateway Project, we will effectively borrow the major advantageous methods that restaurant Aoba Tei consists and cultivated according to the aim of Wyndham City Gateway design.

The design approach of our case study is focused on Kolarevics idea how conventional materials can be used within innovative applications.

During exploration, we have found that by using simple computation techniques, var-ied, complicated and delicate patterns can be created; and by adjusting and using these patterns, even ordinary materials can be changed into stylish designs.

The result of our reverse engineering section is quite successful, since our model is interesting, accurate, and aesthetically pleasing. During this section, we have developed and explored our computation methods and techniques, which could be used in Gateway Project later.

Conclusion

Through our researching and experimentation, we worked out the best grasshopper definition, created different parametric patterns with the definition, tested and then se-lected the best pattern, proved it apropos Hitoshi Abes original design, and constructed it as to scale model.

The use of parametric computing tools allowed us to create a great possibility of being innovative. Especially the explorations of patterning and material encouraged us to focus on the texture, construction, and effective use of common materials.

EOI -- Part II.1: Project ProposalIProject Interpretation

Week 9

For the Gateway project it is most important to not only create beautiful patterns but also to impress the Wyndham council and to provide an interesting experience to visi-tors. The lighting effects and the mysterious atmosphere created by Hitoshi Abei in the Aoba Tei restaurant are very impressive, because the restaurant is sitting in a cer-tain place, which allows people to sit down and feel the mood; this is quite a different way to experience the Gateway Project because the project requires people to experience it while driving, which is in a moving way.

To deal with this problem, we did a lot of research and came up with two possible solu-tions: 1/ limit the speed of passing vehicles; 2/ enlarge the size of our design. For the first solution, the speed limits would need to be considered carefully, since the aim of our Gateway project is to attract people not to discourage people by slowing down traffic-flow and creating traffic jams for them. Furthermore, legal documents would need to be read and followed carefully. For the second solution, the patterns and the lighting effects could be affected, which would produce a less interesting result.

To find the perfect solution, we decided to take some risks. We created an ample-sized touring tunnel within the site. This enabled passengers to either choose to slow down their speed, drive into the touring tunnel, and have a special experience, or to drive through the regular highway to Werribee at a more efficient speed.

Silhouette -- Nature

EOI -- Part II.2: Research ProjectProject Delivery

Week 10

The focal point of the design is in the creation of interesting light effects as visi-tors travel through the tunnel. In relation to the nature theme, we decided to keep our concept which related to plants. To do this, we made a fine adjustment (including such factors as size, shape and pattern changes) to the original Image Sampler Grass-hopper Definition from our course study (the Aoba Tei restaurant), and applied it to the tunnel, which has allowed visitors to experience the sensation that they are passing through a secret boulevard.

The Gateway project is located in site-WA and both ends of this project are connected to the Princess highway. This has thus created an alternate route to Werribee and separated the traffic flow. To provide better experimentation for visitors and to make the project fit the site better, we decided to build a smooth, long, narrow curved-tunnel which emulates the form of the nearby Werribee River. The Gateway is approximately 320m in length, 5~10m in height, and has a 60k/h speed limit allowing visitors a better visual experience which can last for 20~30 seconds.

Asjusted Pattern

-->

Original Idea

Construction: All the beams and the skin are laser-cut, color-sprayed and constructed off-site. We have modeled the projects east entrance to show the joints between the various beams, between the beams and the ground, and between the beams and the skin. The materials, structure and patterns have also been shown in this 1:50 scale model.

Site Plan

StructureRib (Steal Beam) + Skin (Metal Sheet)

Rhino Model

Unfolded Rhino Model: Skin Unfolded Rhino Model: Rib

Lighting Effect--Night, Driving Inside tunnel

Lighting Effect--Day, Driving Inside tunnel

Materials: To emphasize the nature theme, we wanted to use wood for the tunnels framework, but considering the maximum span, loading, joinery, costs and possible transformation and maintenance difficulties with this material, we chose steel beams instead. Material we chose for the skin is same as the Aoba Tei restaurant Metal sheet which capped by zinc.

SILHOUETTE NATUREPR

ODUC

ED B

Y AN

AUT

ODES

K ED

UCAT

IONA

L PR

ODUC

T

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT



PROD

UCED

BY

AN A

UTOD

ESK

EDUC

ATIO

NAL

PROD

UCT




PROD

UCED

BY

AN A

UTOD

ESK

EDUC

ATIO

NAL

PROD

UCT




INTENTthe intent of the gateway design aims to produce an explorative sculpture that promotes nature.interplay of:light / shadowfluidity / soliditymaterialisation / natureform / unformthe product is a combination of these ideas and formulates a dy-namic, creative and interactive design.

empty grass field, non-existing purpose

towards natural setting and environmentally aware - revitalise with trees

an architectural design and reinterpretation of relation to nature - through structure, form, space and experience

N

WAFFLE FRAMING

STRUCTURAL JOINT SKIN

PRINCESS HWY TO MELBOURNE GEELONG ROAD EXIT

PRINCESS HWY TO GEELONG

EOI -- Part II.3: Research ProjectProject Presentation

Week 11

EOI -- Part II.2: Research ProjectProject ConclusionWeek 12

From this terms study, I have found that the most important part of my learning from this subject has come in the dis-covery that I need to persist, no matter how despaired or confused I am, if I keep trying, it is possible to overcome difficulties and to find a way to achieve final goals.

In the first 4 weeks, trying to find out the meaning of architecture and to get ready to step into the area of parametric design was a really hard step for me, which made me feel a bit scared and totally lost. Later on, test-ing and trying to figure out the Grasshopper Defini-tion was also like a nightmare! However, after we were put into small groups and started working on our group project, I started to feel more comfortable with this course and got used to the Rhino software little by little with my group mates and my tutors help. After the mid-semester submis-sion, I finally had a better grip on what we had learnt so far, but felt confused about how to start designing the final project. At that stage, communication with my classmates, especially group mates, and collecting feedback from my tu-tors, again, really helped me a lot to clear up my confusion, determine the design direction and explore design ideas for the final model. Although I do not feel one hundred percent satisfied with our final model and presentation, I think I know how to improve my design skills, computerizing tech-niques, and communication skills for my next project.

EOI -- Part III: Learning Objectives and Outcomes

III.1: Personal Background and Learning Objectives:

From this semesters study, I have gotten a better understanding of the meaning of architecture, learnt the basics of the parametric-design method, and had a chance to apply these techniques in an emulation of a real environment.

III.2: Learning Progress:

I have found that architecture can have different meanings for different people in different time periods and from different perspectives. Based on the readings and my own research, I believe that architecture is essentially about distinctive innovation, which needs to be both creative and practical.

In the past, I have used Google Sketch-up and AutoCad software to create 3D models; these have been easy to use but have hardly anything to do with parametric modeling. The most challenging aspect of this subject has been learning about, and especially learning how to use, this new progressive design technology, which has made the course harder for me. Although my parametric modeling skills are still quite limited and I feel like I need more time to practice using them, during this semesters study, I have being pushed to step into the parametric-modeling world and to test its merits. Also, my attitude towards parametric design has gone through quite a progression: from at first feeling worried about my future career being replaced by a computer and natu-rally tending towards rejecting it, to starting to find parametric design a convenient and useful tool, and then later becoming interested in it, and now finally realizing its importance, accepting it and trying to work with it.

In the final part of the design, we were supposed to pretend that we were in a com-petitive environment, which forced me to think more deeply about the design concepts, consider more widely the problems in reality, and required a higher level of communication skills and time management. Compared to other subjects I have taken so far, I think that this imagined competitive environment more closely matched the situations I believe I will experience in real life, and furthermore, that the experi-ments and tips that I learned from the whole process will be equally as useful as the parametric design method in my future career.

III.4: Future Work:

Peoples growing demand for beauty has greatly encouraged the flourishing of innovation, and caused innovation occur in a unique way (Kalay, 2004). Technology was, is and is likely to continue to be changing at a rate far ahead that of architecture, planning, design (etc.) (Gyula Sebestyn, Chris Pollington, New Architecture and Tech-nology, 2003). In considering the environmental, social and economic aspects, architecture also needs to change so as to conform to the development of mod-ern life. Parametric design and scripting software are the current technologies to-date. The simplified design steps, shortened design time and varied possibilities for design solutions, which have decreased the work-load of architects, especially when compared to traditional architectural design processes, suggests to me that architectural design has a bright future. However, the advance of computer technology does not mean that the human intellect can stop performing (Kalay 2004). Architects need to have an ability to compare, consider, and then to choose the best solution amongst all the solutions sorted out by computers; I hope that I can do this in the future.

III.3: Learning Outcomes:

The past 12 weeks study has been very tense, and I feel like I need more time to practice and understand computer modeling if possible. Despite this, I have learnt basic knowledge about parametric design which now allows me to work and study on further in the future.

The past 12 weeks study has been very tense, and I feel like I need more time to practice and understand computer modeling if possible. Despite this, I have learnt basic knowledge about parametric design which now allows me to work and study on further in the future.

Architect: Kubota & Bachmann Architects Project Name: New Taipei City Museum of Art City and Country: Taipei, Taiwan Client: New Taipei City Govern-ment Type of Competition: Two-stage open competition Program: Contemporary Muse-um, Childrens Museum, Public Service Spaces, Administrative Spaces, and Parking Software used: Rhino, Autocad and 3dDS Max

journal-final

Documents

light design

influnced design

design impact

influenced design

sejimas design principles

sejima design spirit

seijima design challenges

innovative design ideas