Journal #1: How might an Anatomist and

Physiologist see a computer differently? Objective #1:

Define Anatomy and

Physiology and describe

various specialties of each

discipline.

Identify the major levels of

organism organization from

the simplest to most complex

Identify the organ systems of

the human body and the

major components of each

system.

Chapter 1- An Introduction

to Anatomy & Physiology

Part 1: * Interactive notes to correspond

with pages 4 - 10

An Introduction to Studying the Human

Body

Anatomy- the study of the structures of the body and their relationship to each other

Gross Anatomy- MACROSCOPIC Surface- or superficial

Regional- focusing on specific areas of the body

Systemic- how organ groups function together

Developmental- focus on changes between conception and maturity also known as embryology

Microscopic Anatomy- Needs Magnification Cytology- analysis of cells

Histology- examination of tissues

An Introduction to Studying the Human

Body

Physiology – studies the functions of the

human body

Cell- analyzes the chemical processes within and

between cells

Special – specialized or focuses on specific

organs

Systemic – includes the functioning of entire

organ systems

Pathological – studies the effect of diseases on

organs and organ systems

Levels of Organization

Chemical or Molecular

Cellular

Tissues

Organs

Organ systems

Organism

Journal #1: What is a thermostat? How

does it work? What is it’s purpose? Objective 1:

Explain Homeostasis and

it’s significance for

organisms.

Describe how negative

and positive feedback

are involved in

homeostatic regulation.

FUN FACT: The

human head

remains conscious

for 15-20 seconds

after it has been

decapitated.

Chapter 1- An Introduction to

Anatomy & Physiology

Part 2 Homeostasis: * Interactive notes to correspond

with pages 11-14

Homeostasis

A condition in which the

internal environment of the body(extracellular fluid) remains constant.

Chemical composition

Temperature

Pressure

A failure to maintain homeostasis results in DEATH!!!

How does a jellyfish maintain homeostasis?

Homeostatic regulation

The adjustment of physiological systems to

maintain homeostasis.

Autoregulation- cell, tissue, organ, or organ

system adjust in response to change.

Extrinsic Regulation- nervous or endocrine

systems adjust the activities of multiple systems

simultaneously.

Homeostatic Regulatory Mechanism

Receptor

Senses environmental

change

External stimuli

Control Center

Receives & processes

stimuli

Sends out command

Effector

Cell or organ that

responds to a command

Negative Feedback

Primary mechanism of homeostatic

regulation

A stimulus produces a response that opposes the

original stimulus

Example: Control of Body Temperature

Positive Feedback

Rare

Stimulus creates a

response that

enhances the original

condition rather than

opposing it

Can be dangerous or

common in stressful

conditions

Systems Integration, Equilibrium,

& Homeostasis

Occurs when opposing

processes or forces are

in balance

Loss of Homeostasis

indicates system

abnormality- disease or

damage.

Journal #4: Describe how to get to

student services from here.

So…about 60% of

our bodies are water.

What would be your

dry weight?

Objective:

Use anatomical terms to

describe body sections,

regions, and positions

Identify the major body

cavities and their

subdivisions.

Chapter 1- An Introduction to

Anatomy & Physiology

Part 3 Frames of Reference: * Interactive notes

to correspond with pages 15-22

Anatomy uses a special language to describe

body sections, regions, and relative positions.

Review Figures 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, & 1-10

Anatomical Position

Hands at side, palms

facing forward

Standing front = anterior

Standing back = posterior

Laying face up = supine

Laying face down = prone

Anatomical

Landmarks

Based on the structure

it is located on or near

Example: Gluteus or

buttock region near

gluteus muscles

Anatomical Regions

Clinicians use 4

quadrants

Useful reference for

description of pain or

injury.

RLQ tenderness is a

symptom of Appendicitis

Anatomists us 9

abdominopelvic regions

Anatomical Directions

Sectional Anatomy 3 planes needed to describe a 3 dimensional object

Transverse - cross section

Frontal- cut in half front & back

Sagittal- cut in half with 2 equal sides

Ventral

Thoracic

Abdominopelvic

Dorsal

Cranial Cavity

Vertebral Cavity

Internal chambers with 2 functions:

Protect delicate organs

Allow for change in shape or size of internal organs without

disruption of surrounding tissues

Body Cavities (Spaces)

Membranes

Isolate and protect the organs

Serous Membranes

Visceral- next to the organ

Parietal- next to the wall of the cavity

Ventral Body Cavity (coelom)

Divided by the

diaphragm into the

Thoracic cavity

Pericardial cavity

- heart

Pleural Cavity -

lungs

Abdominopelvic

cavity

Mediastinum

Divides thoracic cavity

into 2 pleural cavities

mediastinum divides thoracic cavity into 2

pleural cavities

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Peritoneal

Abdominal

Liver

Stomach

Spleen

Intestines

Pelvic

Intestines

Bladder

Reproductive organs

Journal #5: Which 2 cavities are in the

thoracic cavity? Which 2 are in the

abdominopelvic?

Fun Fact: The human

brain cell can hold 5 times as

much information as the

Encyclopedia Britannica.

Scientists have yet to settle on

a definitive amount, but the

storage capacity of the brain in

electronic terms is thought to

be between 3 or even 1,000

terabytes.

Objective:

Use anatomical terms to

describe body sections,

regions, and positions

Identify the major body

cavities and their

subdivisions.