joshua paper

8/8/2019 Joshua Paper

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/joshua-paper 1/14

WORLD BANK SPONSORED INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RURALDEVELOPMENT IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA, HELD 3 – 5 JUNE

2002 AT IITA IBADAN, NIGERIA

TOPIC: RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN NIGERIA, WEST &CENTRAL AFRICAN COUNTRIES

THEME: SUSTAINING TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN AGRICULTUE

ISSUE: JOINT OPERATIONS RELEVANT TO POVERTY REDUCTION,IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AND MEASURES FOR PROMOTING STRATEGIC INSTITUTIONAL COOPERATION FOR R&D

ACTIVITIES

BY

DR. A. JOSHUA & M.O. OMIDIJIMANAGING DIRECTOR / CEO & DIR. RES. & PROD. 1

1

PREMIER SEED NIG. LTD., CHIKAJ INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, P. O. BOX 1673,TEL: 069-331630; 334804; 332791, FAX: 069-333202, ZARIA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIAEMAIL: premier.seed @skannet.com E-mail: [email protected]



LEAD PAPER

WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICAN CONSULTATION ON RURALDEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Theme: Sustaining Technological Progress in Agriculture

Lead paper on The Realities and Needs of West & CA on Reaching the RuralPoor Farmers

Aims and Objectives

Discuss, develop, and make recommendations on the strategies and Action Plan for the successful implementation of the new World Bank strategy for rural sector development based on the realities, and needs of West & Central Africa.

• To improve agricultural productivity and competitiveness• To improve rural employment opportunities, income, and rural welfarism• Improve food production, self-sufficiency and sustainable food security and forex

earning• Improve rural agricultural business enterpreneurship and opportunities for rural

and urban dwellers• Improve capacity building awareness, business opportunities in agricultural

related activities

Review of the strategy document – Rural Sector Development Strategy

• Strategy document studied and reviewed• Strategy and components of the proposed rural sector development quite good, in

respect of the objectives• Components of the proposed strategy comprehensive, multi-sectoral, integrated

and in compliance with the realities and needs of rural sector development in Westand Central Africa

• However, I find the structures of the proposed project components defective• Adequate attention is placed on technology development, but inadequate attention

on technology transfer/technology adoption and commercialization•

Effective Private Sector/NGO partnership stated, and implied, but not evident inthe rural sector strategy proposed• Need for greater emphasis on Research/Private Sector partnership for promoting

R&D activities

Sustaining Technological Progress in Agriculture

• Strategic inter-institutional cooperation is vital• Need for holistic approach for improving agric productivity / rural sector growth• Review of strategy document – Rural Sector Development Strategy• Highlight reasons for low farm productivity and poverty in the Rural Sector • Emphasis on the Theme: “Sustaining Technological Progress in Agric.• Reasons for low agric-productivity and rural sector poverty identified



• Appropriate Strategies and Action plan developed• Promote commericalizable affordable of sustainable technology

development/Effective techonology Transfer systems to Increase AgriculturalProductivity/Self-Sufficiency/Food Security

• Linking Farmers to the Markets• Development of Production of Data Base/Provision of Quantified Options and

information for Commericlialization / Feasibility advice / on profitable ruralsector agric investments. Emphasize on rural sector components capable of enhancing National agric productivity and rural empowerment.

• Facilitating the development of rural Commercial agric-business ventures• Promote Production, Marketing and Linkages to Input dealers and Agro-industries• Production of data base showing market supply/demand information on existing

private agric-business/NGOs, technology transfer agencies and farmer groups• Capacity building / Provision of training courses / Agric business management• Contributions on the realities and need of West and Central Africa for Rural

Sector development

The Private Sector and NGOs for R & D Activities

1. The Private Sector and NGOs

• Needed to facilitate technology transfer and work at grassroot levelwith farmers.• Enhance timely technology availability in close proximity to ruralfarmers.• Promote research / private sector partnership and improve feedback toresearch.• Complement efforts of government organizations in relation totechnology transfer / market outlets and fair prices for the incremental

produce.• Alleviate resource constraints / delayed financial release often faced bygovernment agencies.• Organize and develop dialogue forum helpful for policy reforms – Community Farmers Associations.• Active participation in conferences / project planning / monitoring /objective evaluations.• Not all issues will have to pass through government agencies /

bureaucracies for effective implementation.• Strengthening research / private sector partnership in Nigeria / WCA.

2. Operational Strategies

• The following research / Private Sector Partnerships Issues are Vitalfor Promoting R & D Activities.• In spite of their large number, diversity and competitiveness businessenvironment the NGOs and Private Sector working on similar projects

should endeavour to integrate and avoid misleading or confusing thefarmers they are all seeking to help and uplift.



• The private sector and NGOs must be able to deal directly with theCGIAR / NARIs and National R & D organizations and need not have togo through government agencies or other third parties / bureaucracies.• There is need to promote an integrating dialogue forum for allstakeholders in the rural sector strategy development within each country.• A Steering and Coordinating Committee comprising governmentagencies / NGO relevant / private sector / farmers association at regional /national / state and LGA levels is needed.• The need for information network / information collection anddissemination at National and Regional levels cannot be over-emphasized.• Farmers Association / Community Associations / Producer Association/ Marketers Association / Seed Associations have important roles to play.• There must be room for preparing joint proposals for projects withseveral NGOs and Private Seed companies / Fertilizer / Agro-chemicalscompanies / for donor.

3. Building New Relationships with the Private Sector

• Enter into new better forms of relationships with the private sector ontechnology transfer.• Shift from viewing the private sector as a passive recipient of breedingmaterials to seeing them as a research partners.• Private sector as source of funds and research expertise / specificresearch + intellectual proprietary rights.• Address issues of confidentiality concerns / intellectual proprietaryrights for invested research partnerships.• The partnerships needed on feedback on strategic productionconstraints / helps needed / market-driven technology needed.

4. Addressing these Issues

• Continue provision of useful parental lines of publicly bred improvedseeds to private seed companies.• Enhance private sector participation in conferences / field days / studytours.• Funding IARCS for special hybrid seed breeding programs through a

consortium of Private Sector (seed companies + agric programs).• Cost-sharing (ii) all major competitor in the consortium / fewer opportunities for free-riders.• Feasibility of Bilateral Funding with Private Sector in view of the CBDand IPR implications.• Intellectual proprietary rights issues.

5. Joint Projects for NGOs / Seed Companies / Fertilizer /Agro-chemicalCompanies / Financial Institution to Operate

There must be room for preparing joint projects with several NGOs/SeedCompanies/Fertilizer/Agro-chemcal/Companies/Finacial Institutions to coordinatively



operate, for funding, and joint implementation. This is for effective funding andsustainability after special donor agency supports are over.

6. Research/Private Sector Partnership for making existing CGIAR/NARIImproved Seeds Available to Farmers in WCA

• Use of existing / emerging private seed companies for rapidly makingCGIAR/NARI improved seeds readily available to West Africa Farmers(Fig. 1).• Use of improved seeds as catalytic agents for attaining self-sufficiency/poverty alleviation and food security in West and CentralAfrica (Fig. ).• International support for making high-yielding improved seeds readilyavailable to West African farmers (Annexure).• Vital findings for accelerating successful and sustainable poverty

alleviation/food security and agric rural sector development in WestAfrica.• Appropriate linkages and types of linkages betweenResearch/development/Extension Agencies/Private sector/NGOs Agenciesfor effective, sustainable development and transfer of appropriatetechnologies are vital.

Smallholder Farmer Program

1. Private Seed Companies/Agric Input Markets and Smallholder Programs

Private sector more than ready to be partners in progress on effective rural sector agricultural development programs for empowering smallholders.

Adopt a vision of “Abundant food and a healthy environment” to help increasefood production/rural business entrepreneurship/empowering the rural poor.

Participate in smallholder programs to facilitate technology transfer, to the rural poor smallholder farmers in West and Central Africa.

Collaborates with other stakeholders/local communities, government agencies and private sector institutions and non-governmental organization (NGOs).

Provide the full range of the technological needs that smallholder farmers need inorder to provide enough food for their families and communities, sell and earnadditional income.

Provisions to smallholders must be a package of demand-driven commercialtechnologies, i.e. improved seeds, biotechnology products and applicableconservation tillage practices, crop protection products and other inputs as well astraining and technical assistance.



The smallholder program to actively provide improved agric technology and other related, support services to enhance productivity, employment and income of poor rural families.

Help provide organized farmers training program in seed production / agronomic practices and micro-enterprise development, access to credit and linkages to localgrain processors to purchase surplus grains.

The adoption of premier seed high-yielding improved seeds, O.P and hybrids willresult in bumper harvest with both self-pollinated, open-pollinated improved cropseeds.

These programs will enhance technology timely available on improved seeds,fertilizers, conservation tillage practices, drought tolerant, early and extra-earlymaturing high-yielding improve seeds, signification increased yield/ha, crop risk-

management, disease/pest resistant, Striga resistant, crop protection chemicals and post-harvest technologies.

2. Research Private Sector Partnerships to Achieve all the above Objectives

• Sample joint programs using existing private seed companies for rapidly makinghigh-yielding CGIAR/NARI improved seeds readily available to West Africafarmers – summarized in (Fig. ).

• Use of improved seeds as catalytic agents for boosting self-sufficiently/better nutrition/poverty alleviation and food security – summarized in (Fig. ).

• International support for making existing high-yielding CGIAR/NARI improvedseeds rapidly available to West Africa farmers (Fig.).

3. What the Researchers (NARIS/CGIAR) can do to Promote Research PrivateSector Partnership

• Research must be consumer focused, market driven and farmer focused• Simply and accelerate variety testing and release procedures• Introduce national and regional variety testing and provide regional variety trial

data• Utilize private companies as part of technology adoption trial centers

Vital Issues for Boosting Self-sufficiency and Food Security – Seed Subsector

1. Issues

• New varieties and new technologies – how do we get farmers to usethem very productively.• How to get new improved high-yielding varieties and hybrids rapidly

transferred to farmers for increasing agric productivity and food security



• What do we do to ensure that farmers are having maximum economic benefits from research improved technologies.

• Private sector enabled to do what need be done.• Farmers get good seeds and related inputs and good values for the high

prices they need to pay.• Develop input delivery programs that are farmers oriented-farmers thecentre of the program.• Success of the project will be providing the improved seeds as andwhen needed at the right time and places.• Promote quantity and quality of certified seeds in the seed trade.• Promote principles of comparative advantage in seed production nationwide.• Seed marketing and ECOWAS regional seed trade development.

2. Implementation Strategy

• Variety maintenance enough breeder seed production/FS fromIITA/ICRISAT/WARDA/NARIs.• Get the seeds out for the production of enough FS needed for thecertified and CBSS production system.• Organize and get seed out for production of enough foundation seedsneeded for the certified seed and CBSS production systems.• Get CBSS/seed producer/seller enterprise/satellite seed

producer/sellers on action – Limited generation plan for variety purity.• Get enough large quantities of certified seeds produced for farmers as

and when need (Table ).• Ensure (I) enough seeds are produced and the produced seeds aremarketed.• Enhance growth and sustainability after special project supports areover.• Market outlets and fair prices for the incremental produce provided.• Establishment of seed data basis and private sector works at its area of comparative advantage.• Start with few states (2 – 3) on few crop seeds (3 – 5) get theexperience, then widen the scope.• Ensure, there are enough players on the private sector field.

3. Critical Issues

• Area of production• Reliable and cost-effective, seed production systems:varietymaintenance/breeder/foundation/certified (CBSS)/satellite seed productioncentres.• Roleof ICRISAT/ IITA / WARDA / NARI / NSS PSC / SSPC /FASCOMS / farmers association.• Appropriate compact area seed production centres / few crop seed

production in low areas for quality and cost effectiveness.



• Nation wide seed marketing/rural seed and related agric input deliverysystems/regional seed trade.• Both the public and private sector have their useful but distinct roles.• Role of government on policy/formulation/planning/quality control /monitoring / evaluation / quality evaluation / seed date.

4. Critical Factors for Farmers

• Cooperation and fulfillment of public sector special roles.• Timely payment for the seeds produced.• Enough markets for the seeds produced.• Capacity of the seed company to borrow to effect growerscompensation.• Avoidance of the seed being sold for food.• Opportunities to market to other states outside the project areas.• Widening of market outlets.• Sustainability after project support is over.• Enabling environment for the virtues of private sector participation.

5. Strategy approach – International Support for Promoting CGIAR/NARIImproved Seeds to West African Farmers: Methodology, Institutional Rolesand Responsibilities

• IITA/ICRISAT/WARDA/NARIs/IAR/ - Produces breeder seeds• NSS/NARIs/KNARDA/JARDA/PSC – Produces foundation seeds•

Selected satellite seed producer/sellers produce certified seeds andseeds of acceptable quality and satellite seed production free to sell 0 – 21% to neighbouring farmers in project areas• Private seed companies to procure 21 – 100% for sale to other states towiden markets and bring the benefits of improved seeds to other states.



Source of Technology:

CGIAR &NARIs, PSC

Improved Seeds of Maize/Rice/Soybean/Millet/Cowpea/G.Nut

Variety Maitenance /Breeder Seed Prch

Production of FoundationSeeds of the NewImproved Seeds

NARIs/Private SeedCompanies

NSS for Coordination

Action By:

1, 2, 3

Mode of Transfer:

Private SeedProducers to

Farmers

Research/PrivateSector Partnership

NSS for Q.C

Distributionand

Commercialization

Improved Seedsto Local Markets

* Farmers* NGOs

* DevelopmentAgencies etc.

Improved Seedsto Farmer for

Better Harvests

Contracted Farmersfor Purchase of Raw Materials

Agro-industriesdevelopment for new value-added

products

Local & CrossBorder Markets

Developed

Improved seedsto urban/Peri-Urban Large

Scale Farmers

Sales to ExternalMarkets

Public Sector

Policy/QC/Monitoring

Farmer Organizations

SSPC

Private Seed Companies

Contract Seed GrowersSSPC

Farmers Organizations

Seed Producers/Sellers

Private Seed companies

Farmer-to-Farmer Seed Diffusion

Sales &Distribution of

Certified Seedsto Farmers

Production of Certified Seeds

of Newimproved seeds

CGIAR = International Research Institutes (IITA/WARDA/ICRISAT etc) PVS = Farmers Participatory Variety Selection NARIs = National Research InstitutesNSS = National Seed System Q.C. = Quality Control CBSS = Community Based Seed System PSC = Private Seed Companies (Premier Seeds/ etc.)SSPC = Satelite Seed Production Centres CFIS = Components of Formal & Informal Seed Systems

USE OF THE PRIVATE SEED COMPANIES FOR RAPID TRANSFER, ADOPTION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF THENEW CGIAR/NARI IMPROVED SEEDS TO WEST AFRICAN FARMERS

[A COORDINATED USE OF BOTH THE FORMAL AND INFORMAL SEED SYSTEMS]

GOALS:

I m p r o v e

d S e e

d + R e l e a s e

d I n p u

t s

I m p r o v e d

S e e

d

S e e d s & I m

pr ov

e d S e e d s

C GI AR

/ NARI s ,I m

pr ov

e d S e e d s

I m p r o v e

d S e e

d C a m p a

i g n s

( P V S ) e t c .

NARS: Nat ’l . Agr ic . Research Systems T: Technology box on shel f S&FSI : Suppor t & Financial Service Inst itut ionsIARCs : Int ’l Agr ic . Research Cent res Foc : Farmers organizat ions Product ion: of Food and Raw Mater ial s for Indus tryNGOs: Non Governmental Organizations PSC: Private Seed Enterprises Processing: Transformation into Value Added Products

DefinedInstitutional Roles& Responsibilities

Govt.Policies

PhysicalEnv.

T e ch n

ol o

g y S u p pl y

I m pr ov

e d S e e d &

T e ch n

ol o

g yT r an

sf er

Production

Processing

C omm

er ci al i i z a

t i on

Local andExternalMarkets

NARS

IARCs

Networks

PSC

NARS-Extension

F.Os

NGOs

S&FSI

Parastatals

Private Sector

Private Seed Companies

F.Os

Seed Producers/Sellers

Food Processors

Agric. Business

Agro-Industry

S & FSI

Women Groups

Improved FarmersYield/Ha & Widen

Income

Improve Livelihoodof Rural

Populations

National FoodSecurity

Better Health andNutrition

Income Generation

EmploymentGeneration

Private Seed Enterprises: May be small/Medium/Large, National or International (+PSC; CBSS & SSPC) CBSS = Community Based Seed ProductionSSPC = Satellite Seed Production Centre; PSC = Private Seed CompaniesTable_ = Seed Production & Marketing Options Involving Farmer in Producing More Seeds for Farmers (Joshua 1999)

Adopted from Bocar DIAGANA, OAU, STRC-SAFGRAD Workshop–2001

THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND COMMERCIALIZATION CONTINUUMWITH USE OF HIGH-YIELDING IMPROVED SEEDS AS CATALYTIC AGENTS



SERVING THE FARMERS WITH HOLISTIC PARTNERSHIPS FOR PROGRESS

STRATEGIC COOPERATION FOR SUSTAINING TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS ANDTRANSFORMING AGRIC. IN WEST & CENTRAL AFRICA

WE ALL HAVEA ROLE TO

PLAY

Private Sector/Markets &Fair Prices

Finance Bank

Extension Service Government

Farmer

Distribution Multinational

NGO / Int . Org.

PolicyAgricultureEnvironment

COMMITMENT & PARTNERSHIPS

FARMING

* Productivity* Profitability* Efficiency* Applicable

CONSUMERS* Availability* Choice* Quality

ENVIRONMENT

* Less Pesticides* Specific Pests* Less Farmland

FUTURE

* Nutraceuticals* Biofuels* Fortified Foods* Pharming

BiosafetyRegulations

Involve Stakeholders Balanced Perspective

Science

BENEFITS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY



BALANCEDPERSPECTIVE

EXPERIENCE

EXPORTS

REGULATIONS

SCIENCE

ACCEPTS SAFETY

SHOWS SAFETY

ENDORSED SAFETY

ENSURES SAFETY

ASSURES SAFETY

5 STEPS OF GM SAFETY

FARMERS BENEFITS

FarmersBenefits

ReducedInsecticide Costs

Improved Insect &Weed Control

Improved Farmer Efficiency—Saves

Time

Improved Crop YieldsMore Food, Fibre, Feed

Improved Crop Quality* Less Toxins* Vitamins, Minerals* Better Shelf Life* Taste, Appearance

Applies also to smallholder farmers* Not Size Specific* Culturally Compatible* Easily Applied* Can Secure Important Foods

joshua paper

Documents