josephineboac geaps-pack factor web - usda5 project objectives develop new stored grain pack factors...
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What is Pack Factor?
Grain Elevators: Important for accurate grain inventory Internal use – Quality Management Systems Auditing – state or federal warehouse officials Loan collateral
On-Farm Bins: Important for insurance or loan purposes (RMA
and FSA county offices)
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Project Objectives
Develop new stored grain pack factors for six grains: wheat, corn, soybean, sorghum, oats, and barley
Obtain nationwide field data of pack factors in a wide range of bin sizes (small farm bin sizes up to Million bushel bins) along with laboratory compaction data
Incorporate new pack factors into a user-friendly, windows-based software package for use by the grain industry
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General Trends on Packing Effects*
Doubling the grain height Increase pack factor by 0.5 - 1.2 %
Doubling the bin diameter Increase pack factor by 0.2 - 0.3 %
Increasing the moisture by 3-6% Increase pack factor by 0.20 - 0.90 %
* Research from ASAE journals. The test crops were Wheat, Corn and Soybeans
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Field Measurements Wide range of upright bin sizes, types
Six grains: wheat, corn, soybean, sorghum, oats, and barley
All major grain-producing locations within the U.S. emphasizing the:
Midwest,
Southern Mississippi River valley,
Central Plains,
Northern Plains.
Expected locations for some crops illustrated next:
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Potential Location for Field Measurement − Wheat
Wheat production by county
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Corn for grain production by county
Potential Location for Field Measurement − Corn
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Data to be Measured/Collected
Grain type, Test weight, Moisture content
Grain height (where grain intersects bin wall)
Bin dimensions and Cone configuration
Weight of grain at given depths (in lbs)
Bin wall material
Method used to fill bin
Aeration practice
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Measurement Procedures
On-Farm Bins Measure bin dimensions and grain volume Collect weights and grain property data after
the crop is sold
Grain Elevators Measure bin dimensions and grain volume Collect weights and grain property data while
incoming trucks are being unloaded
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Commercial & On-Farm Bins
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To Date: Field Locations Visited
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Bins Measured To DateSoybean Sorghum
Elevators ElevatorsPack Factor (%) 3.2 – 4.7 4.1 – 5.6Moisture (%, db) 8.5 – 11 13 – 15Test Weight (lb/bu) 58 – 59 56 – 58Bin Diameter (ft) 42 – 75 14.95 – 14.99Grain Height (ft) 16 – 73 4.6 – 81Total No. of. Bins 12 (5 finalized)* 4 (3 finalized)*
States SD and MN OK
* Waiting for grain properties for 7 bins (for soybeans) and 1 bin (for sorghum) already measured.
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Thank you. Questions?
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More Field Locations
Contact: Dr. Josephine M. Boac, Research AssociateBiological and Agricultural EngineeringKansas State Universityc/o USDA-ARS CGAHR EWERU Phone: 785-776-2768, 785-317-79981515 College Ave. Manhattan, KS 66502 Email: [email protected]