josep guerrero as keynote speaker at energycon2014
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MICROGRID TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUTURE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATIONS
MicroGr dRESEARCH
PROGRAMME
Prof. Josep M. GuerreroMicrogrid Research Programme – Aalborg University
MicroGrid Research programme: www.microgrids.et.aau.dk Dubrovnik 2014/5/16
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Outline
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
Microgrid Definition and Operation
Microgrid Research Programme in AAU
Microgrid Research activities and laboratories
Electrical Vehicle Charging Station Project
General aspects of a MicroGrid: “Definition and Operation”
What is a Microgrid? Renewable Energy Resources
Main Utility Grid
Compressed Air System
Electric Vehicles
PCC
Batteries
Household appliances and electronics
PV
EV
Flywheel
Power Electronics
PV
WT
IBS
DC Coupled Subsystem
PV
Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 3
General aspects of a MicroGrid: “Definition and Operation”
MicroGrids are defined according to the IEEE Std 1547.4-2011
Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of DR Island Systems with EPS. Aproved July 2011.
The term DR island systems, sometimes referred to as microgrids, is used for electrical power systems (EPS) as:
1. Have DR and load
2. Have the ability to disconnect from and parallel with the area EPS include the local EPS and may include portions of the area EPS, and
3. Include the local EPS and may include
portions of the area EPS, and they are
intentionally planned.
DR island systems can be either local or area EPS islands
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 4
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Primary Control
Tertiary Control
Secondary Control
BW
Modeling + Inner loops + droop Control (P/Q Sharing).
Hierarchical Control for MicroGrids
Power Import/export from/to the grid.
f/V Restoration (Island) Synchronization (Island to grid Connected mode)
Microgrids Concerns…Islanding capability and independenceEnergy cost saving and high efficiency
System recovery under faults (selfheal)
P/Q flow Control
From primary to tertiary control, the
communication bandwidth is reduced
Power Quality enhancement
Why smart micro Grids?
MicroGrid Research programme: www.microgrids.et.aau.dk
Problem: Harmonics in MicrogridsPossible solutions:- One DG unit could give more harmonics than
another. (harmonic current sharing)- Voltage Harmonic Reduction (Control strategies
for HC)
Issues in MicroGrids: Power Quality
Problem: Unbalances in MicrogridsPossible solutions:- By means of sec. control, PCC voltage
unbalances can be compensated by control signals to the primary level.
- Voltage Unbalance Compensation (Control strategies)
Test and verification that the proposed solutions follow the European power quality standards IEC 61727 and IEC 61000-3-6.
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 6
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Issues in a Microgrid
Distribution network with multiple MG setup
Centralized Control Distributed control
7Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
Timbus et Al. Management of DER Using Standarized Communications and modern Technologies
Communication model provided by IEC 61850 & IEC 61400-25 to describe the
physical devices in the network model.
Issues in MicroGrids: Communications
• Study meter-bus technology solutions to integrate smart meters and data concentrators according to EN13757.•Develop different levels of communications architectures for residential AMI following IEC61968-9 (interface standard for meter reading and control).•Integrate smart meters and data concentrators in different levels of wireless and meshed network architectures, according to EN13757-5 (standard for radio mesh meter-bus) and EN13757-4 (wireless meter-bus).
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 8
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Issues in MicroGrids: Protections
Renewable Energy Resources
Main Utility Grid
Compressed Air System
Electric Vehicles
PCC
Batteries
Household appliances and electronics
PV
EV
Flywheel
Power Electronics
PV
WT
IBS
DC Coupled Subsystem
Source Protection Network Protection Bidirectional Protection
Intelligent Control and Protection Methods applied to MicroGrids
LOADS
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
MicroGrid Research
2012103
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 10
DSO 1.42 rmb/kWh
1.00 rmb/kWh
PCC
Auto-consumption
Microgrids in China – Business Model
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 11
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Voltage Levels 380V; 10kV Installed Capacity 1MW;
1MW 5 MW‐ ; 5 MW – 50 MW;
2 MW PV Microgrid@Yushu
PV Microgrid in China
Tens of Demonstration Microgrids Constructed
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 12
Microgrids in China – 30 MicroGrids
“12th Five Years” period in China 30 microgrid demonstration projects :10 islanded microgrid demonstrations
20 grid-connected microgrid demonstrations
= 30 Microgrid demonstration Total Power: 1.2 GW
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 13
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Outline
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
Microgrid Definition and Operation
Microgrid Research Programme in AAU
Microgrid Research activities and laboratories
Electrical Vehicle Charging Station Project
Issues in a Microgrid
Centralized production in the mid 80’s Decentralized production of today
District heating and CHP have reduced Denmark’s CO2-emission by 1/5.
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 15
Denmark Grid Concept
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 16
Smart grid in Denmark – Hourly pricing
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 17
Traditional consumer Future prosumer Passive Active Only loads – fixed by the consumer Shiftable loads/generation No storage Storage systems/EV Electricity/thermal energy not coupled Manual management EMS take care of global energy objectives
Load-dependent power quality Power quality system control
Unidirectional power flow Bidirectional power flow according to energy hourly pricing, etc.
Considers only local residential energy Considers both local-residential and global-neighborhood energy requirements
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Smart Grid StrategyDanish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building
May 201350%
consumers remotely
read hourly meters
Model for hourly
settle and variable
tariffs Wholesale and retail markets ready to manage flexible electricity consumption
Energy Sector
Shifting the energy paradigm
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Residential Microgrids - 2013 DK Smart Grid Strategy
(2015 hourly electricity pricing)
Hydrogen Communities (Vestenkov, Lolland) – IRD Small remote/isolated Microgrids
Large remote Microgrids:
Geographical islands
(70 habited islands in DK)
Microgrid technologies applications in Denmark
Potential areas
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 19
Samsø Island : 100% Renewable Energy
4,000 people22 villages11 x 1MW-WT10 x 2MW offshore WT
The turbines supply more power than the residents need— Exports 80 million kWh wind-produced electricity annuallyHeating plant in Nordby relies on wood chips to create hot water and heat for the villagers. Many rural Samsingers also install highly efficient wood boilers in their homes if they cannot be connected to one of the district heating plants. 70 % of the island's heat and hot water needs
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 20
Bornholm Island MicroGrid
The Bornholm power system consists of the following main components:
132/60 kV substation in Sweden Connection between Sweden and Bornholm 60 kV network 10 kV network 0.4 kV network Loads Customers Generation units Control room Communication system Biogas plant “Biokraft” District heating systems
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 21
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Outline
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
Microgrid Definition and Operation
Microgrid Research Programme in AAU
Microgrid Research activities and laboratories
Electrical Vehicle Charging Station Project
Aalborg University
Aalborg University was created with the establishment of a number of new faculties in 1974.Aalborg University is characterised by its education form of Problem Based Project (PBL) – also known as the Aalborg model.The number of students is around 15,000.
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 23
• Approximately 40 faculty members• Approximately 70 PhD students• Approximately 250 students• Approximately 20 TAPs (technical administrative employees)• Approximately 50% of the turnover comes from external projects
Organisation – Department of Energy Techonolgy
Electric Power
Systems
Wind Turbine Systems
Fluid Power in Wind and Wave Energy
Biomass
Microgrids
Modern Power Transmission Systems
Smart Grids and Active Networks
Fuel Cell and Battery Systems
Automotive and Industrial Drives
Thermal Energy
Systems
Power Electronic Systems
Electrical Machines
Fluid Power Mechatronic
Systems
Mechanics and
Combustion
Multi-disciplinary Research Programmes
Photovoltaic Systems
Institute of Energy Technology
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 24
John K. PedersenHead of the Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University.
Programme Purpose
MicroGrid Research Programme Areas
AC MicroGrids
DC MicroGrids
Modeling
Control & Operation
Energy Storage
Protection
Power Quality
Standard-based ICT
Networked Control
EMS & Optimization
Multi-Agents
MICROGRID RESEARCH PROGRAMME
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 25
MICROGRID RESEARCH TEAMMICROGRID RESEARCH TEAM @ AALBORGPhDs
P. Coordinators
Josep M. Guerrero
Post DocsTomislav DragicevicDC MGs
Fabio AndradeMGs stability
Qobad ShafieeSecondary Control
Lexuan MengTertiary Control
Dan WuPrimary Control
Chendan LiMGsAgents
Yajuan GuanAncillary services for MGs
Nelson DiazEnergy storage for MicroGrids
Chi ZhangLVDC distribution MGs
Hengwei LinManagement and Protection for Microgrids
Xin ZhaoAC/DC Hybrid MG
Bo SunEV Charging Stations
PhD GuestsJavier RoldanLVRT & PQ
Valerio MarianiNonlinear Control
Ernane CoelhoMGs modelling
Juan C. Vasquez
Visiting Prof.Min ChenPower Electronics
Yang HanPQ & MV MGs
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 26
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ET Intelligent MicroGrid Laboratory
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Every setup is able to emulate a multi-converter low-voltage Microgrid, local and energy management control programmed in dSPACE real-time control platforms.
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
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ET Intelligent MicroGrid Laboratory
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Every setup is able to emulate a multi-converter low-voltage Microgrid, local and energy management control programmed in dSPACE real-time control platforms.
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
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ET Intelligent MicroGrid Laboratory
DC power line
AC power line
4x Danfoss FC3022.2kW
dSPACE 1006
REGATRON E110830020..800 VDC/0..50A/64KW
TRAF
SETUP 1 SETUP 2 .…
dSPACE 1006
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To emulate long distances
The laboratory is based on 6 workstations• 4 DC-AC power electronics converters,• LCL-filters, • ABB Motorized change-over switches • Kamstrup Smart-meters.
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
Case Study DES-ET AAU
Wor
ksta
tion
1
Load
MainGrid
. . . to Workstation
3-6
Power flow
Wor
ksta
tion
2Load
MainGrid
Local distribution network
L
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9
7
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3 1
4
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8 10 12
2
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(29)
27
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25b
G1
G2
31a
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Kontor Kontor Målerum Justerrum EDB
Kontor
Kontor
Kontor
Kontor
Lab. for relæ- Sluse
Bad
Teknik/reng.
Anlægslab.
Højspændingshal
Kontrolrum
Lab.
Teknik
Opstilling
El-værksted
VVS-værksted
teknik
Gang
Gang
H=2,4m
Lager
H-toilet Depot
0
METER
1 2 3 4 5 10
Handicapindgang
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(29)
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G2
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Kontor Kontor Målerum Justerrum EDB
Kontor
Kontor
Kontor
Kontor
Lab. for relæ- Sluse
Bad
Teknik/reng.
Anlægslab.
Højspændingshal
Kontrolrum
Lab.
Teknik
Opstilling
El-værksted
VVS-værksted
teknik
Gang
Gang
H=2,4m
Lager
H-toilet Depot
0
METER
1 2 3 4 5 10
Handicapindgang
ET Intelligent MicroGrid Laboratory13 15 17 19 21
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3 1
4
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8 10 12
2
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(29)
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G1
G2
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Kontor Kontor Målerum Justerrum EDB
Kontor
Kontor
Kontor
Kontor
Lab. for relæ- Sluse
Bad
Teknik/reng.
Anlægslab.
Højspændingshal
Kontrolrum
Lab.
Teknik
Opstilling
El-værksted
VVS-værksted
teknik
Gang
Gang
H=2,4m
Lager
H-toilet Depot
0
METER
1 2 3 4 5 10
Handicapindgang
13 15 17 19 21
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9
7
5
3 1
4
6
8 10 12
2
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25a
(29)
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G1
G2
31a
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Kontor Kontor Målerum Justerrum EDB
Kontor
Kontor
Kontor
Kontor
Lab. for relæ- Sluse
Bad
Teknik/reng.
Anlægslab.
Højspændingshal
Kontrolrum
Lab.
Teknik
Opstilling
El-værksted
VVS-værksted
teknik
Gang
Gang
H=2,4m
Lager
H-toilet Depot
0
METER
1 2 3 4 5 10
Handicapindgang
Bidirectional pow
er supply
ElectricPanelboard
Workstation 4
DC power lineAC power line SmartMeters
Cabinet
Workstation 3
Wor
ksta
tion
5
Wor
ksta
tion
6
Workstation 2
Workstation 1
Communication Nodes
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 31
Experimental test - DSPACE 1006
Real-time control and monitoring platform through Control-Desk
Electrical schemes from Matlab simpowersystem library are directly compiled into C code and downloaded to the dSPACE
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 32
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MicroGrids Courses
Oct. 14 – Oct. 152013
Nov. 26 – Nov. 272013 Oct. 16 – Oct. 17
2013
Oct. 28 – Oct. 302013
Industrial/PhD course on EMS and Optimization in
Microgrids - In Theory and Practice
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
www.microgrids.et.aau.dk
Microgrid research and activities
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 34
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Microgrid Definition and Operation
Microgrid Research and demonstration projects
Microgrid Research Programme and laboratories
Outline
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
Micro-Grid Technology Research and Demonstration
MicroGr dResearch
Programme
EUDP Sino-Danish project
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Research Practical problems
AAU
SSECChinese sideDanish side
2013 Sino Danish Collaboration Project
Objectives: Test problems derived by the microgrid operation Hardware-in-the-loop initial tests
37373737EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013
RED project
200kW MicroGrid based on wind/PV/storage hybrid system
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MicroGr dResearch
Programme
38EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013
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PV power generation subsystemPV array installed on the roof of Shanghai ShenZhou New Energy B plant, installed
capacity of 130 kVA, east-west array configuration, adopt the fixed angle best installation.
200kW MicroGrid based on wind/PV/storage hybrid system
39 39EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013
Wind power generation subsystem
Total wind power installed capacity: 20kVA. (2 x 10 kW Wind Turbines)
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200kW MicroGrid based on wind/PV/storage hybrid system
EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013
Battery energy storage system, power electronics and control.
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200kW MicroGrid based on wind/PV/storage hybrid system
EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013
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Data acquisition and control frontend.
200kW MicroGrid based on wind/PV/storage hybrid system
EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013 4242424242
42EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013
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200kW MicroGrid based on wind/PV/storage hybrid system
The RED project was successfully finalized with the Microgrid demonstration facility
RED project was a good first step towards our long term project…
EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013
44444444EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013
Aalborg University – Microgrid Research Programme
Kamstrup A/S – Omnia Suite
Project Partners
Danish Side
Chinese Side Shanghai Solar Energy Ltd – Microgrid implementation
project
Tsinghua University – Leading University in China
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Research
Implementation
Implementation
Demonstration
AAU Kamstrup
SSECTSU
Chinese side
Danish side
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45EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013
EUDP Sino-Danish project
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EUDP Sino-Danish project
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Research in the iMGlab-AAU To be Implemented at the facility microgrid in Shanghai
(developed as a result of the RED-project)
EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013
Intelligent DC Microgrid Living Lab
i-DClab
MicroGr dResearch
Programme
DSF Sino-Danish project 2014-2017
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Phase I: Design, modelling and control. Phase II: Coordination control schemes between microgrid elements, including
communication systems and energy management systems for DC microgrids. Phase III: Creation of two Living Labs as a user-centred research concept, to test
innovation systems and elements that can conform a DC microgrid for different applications.
• Home DC Microgrid Living Lab, at AAU to research and test DC distribution for 1-2 family houses
• 工业微网设计 Industrial DC Microgrid Living Lab, At North China Electrical Power University (China), for research, demo and test of energy solutions for commercial buildings.
Intelligent DC Microgrid Living Lab
EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013
Future Residential LVDC Power Distribution Architectures
MicroGr dResearch
Programme
DFF project 2014-2016
International ranked research institutions And the Danish Companies
49MicroGrid Research programme: www.microgrids.et.aau.dk
Future Residential LVDC Power Distribution Architectures
This project will be done in cooperation with:
International ranked research institutions
And the Danish Companies
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 50
Future Residential LVDC Power Distribution Architectures
Phase 1. Design, modelling and controlPhase 2. Coordination and control of power electronic units connected to the DC busPhase 3. Grid integration and interactivity
380Vdc Powered Home
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Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 51
Future Residential LVDC Power Distribution Architectures
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380Vdc Powered Home
1. Vdc consumer electronics2. 12/24 Vdc wall sockets3. 12 Vdc LED lighting4. 24 Vdc home entertainment system5. 12 Vdc coffee maker6. 12 Vdc refrigerator7. 24 Vdc vacuum cleaner8. 48 Vdc washing machine9. 48 Vdc air conditioner10. 12 Vdc hair dryer11. 48 Vdc whisper wind turbine12. PVs connected in 380vdc bus bar13. 380vdc charger14. 380vdc busway distribution system
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
MicroGr dResearch
Programme
ERANET project 2014-2016
5353535353
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Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
Zagreb UniversityProf. Igor Kuzle
Narvik University CollegeProf. Bernt A. Bremdal
Aalborg UniversityProf. Josep M. Guerrero
Norway Croatia Denmark
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International project with 3 main partners (Aalborg University, University of Zagreb and Narvik University)
Focus on 6 areas of research: Integration of energy storage system in distribution grids as a vital
part of smart charging station (CS), Finding optimal storage technology and capacity, Control design of charging stations to allow wide usage of electric
vehicles, Mitigating the impact on power system and providing reserve to
the system operator, Assembly of reduced scale experimental test bench to verify the
simultaneous operation, Coordination concept for the proposed flexible electric vehicle
charging infrastructure.
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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EV Charge Scenario
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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EV Charge Ports
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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EV with DC fast charge option
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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Unidirectional fast charging station
3 phases
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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Communication for fast charger
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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Charging station with ESS and DG
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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Electric charging station in Iwate, Shizuoka, Japan.
Site communication
Secondary
control
Electric VehiclesFlywheels
Batteries
WP4DSO/TSO
SCADA
Local
ControlDC bus
WP5
Local
Control
Local
Control
Utility main
Grid
….
Hybrid ESS
Supercaps
WP1
….
WP3
WP2
. . . .
Flexible Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Flex-ChEV
RES PVWT
Supervisory
controller
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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EVCS can/may participate with the grid frequency?
Utility main Grid
Secondary control
Electric VehiclesFlywheelsBatteries
DSO/TSO
SCADA
Primary Control
DC bus
Hybrid ESSSupercaps
….
. . . .
Primary ControlLV Resistive lines assumption
Grid forming EVCSf = f* – m(Q – Q*)
Grid following EVCSQ = Q* – kf(f – f*)
Secondary controldQ = PI(f* – f)
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
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EVCS can/may participate with the voltage support?
Secondary control
Electric VehiclesFlywheelsBatteries
DSO/TSO
SCADA
Primary Control
DC bus
Hybrid ESSSupercaps
….
. . . .
Primary ControlLV Resistive lines assumption
Grid forming EVCSV = V* – m(P – P*)
Grid following EVCSP = P* – kv(V – V*)
Secondary controldP = PI(V* – V)
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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EVCS can/may coordinate harmonic/unbalance compensation?
Whac-a-mole effect
Primary controlHarmonic virtual impedance
Secondary controlHarmonic/unbalance coordination control
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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EVCS can/may coordinate unbalance compensation?
Secondary control
Electric VehiclesFlywheelsBatteries
DSO/TSO
SCADA
Primary Control
DC bus
Hybrid ESSSupercaps
….
. . . .
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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Functionalities of the EVCS
P/Q coordinationFrequency participationVoltage supportUnbalance compensationHarmonics sharing
Flexible electric vehicle charging infrastructure Flex –ChEV
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Dragicevic, Tomislav; Pandžić, Hrvoje; Škrlec, Davor; Kuzle, Igor; Guerrero, Josep M.; Kirschen, Daniel ” Capacity Optimization of Renewable Energy Sources and Battery Storage in an Autonomous Telecommunication Facility.I E E E Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014.
Dragicevic, Tomislav; Shafiee, Qobad; Wu, Dan; Meng, Lexuan; Vasquez, Juan Carlos; Guerrero, Josep M. / Modeling and Control of Flexible HEV Charging Station upgraded with Flywheel Energy Storage.Proceedings of the 11th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, SSD 2014. IEEE Press, 2014.
El Fadil, Hassan; Giri, Fouad; Guerrero, Josep M. / Modeling and Nonlinear Control of Fuel Cell / Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles.In: I E E E Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2014.
Dragicevic, Tomislav; Vasquez, Juan Carlos; Guerrero, Josep M.; Skrlec, Davor / Advanced LVDC Electrical Power Architectures and Microgrids : A Step towards a New Generation of Power Distribution Networks.In: I E E E Electrification Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 1, 03.2014, p. 54-65 .
Dragicevic, Tomislav; Guerrero, Josep M.; Sucic, Stepjan / Flywheel-Based Distributed Bus Signalling Strategy for the Public Fast Charging Station. In: I E E E Transactions on Smart Grid, 2014.
Gouveia, C.; Moreira, C.L.; Lopes, J.A.P., "Microgrids emergency management exploiting EV, demand response and energy storage units," PowerTech (POWERTECH), 2013 IEEE Grenoble , vol., no., pp.1,6, 16-20 June 2013
J.A. Peças Lopes, Silvan A. Polenz, C.L. Moreira, Rachid Cherkaoui, Identification of control and management strategies for LV unbalanced microgrids with plugged-in electric vehicles, Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 80, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 898-906.
References
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Research Challenges in MicroGrid technologies
Thank you for your attention!
Juan C. Vasquez [email protected] M. Guerrero [email protected]
MicroGr dRESEARCH
PROGRAMME
For cooperation or further information, please contact us:
www.microgrids.aau.dk
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU