Jose Rizal's

Preparation

As a Great Leader

Preparation for Leadership is through Study

• In 1872 to 1877- he spent more

time reading books to improve his

knowledge for the new ideas.

• Rizal interested in the history of the

world because he usually

compares his country to other

nations.

• He is interested in philosophy and

natural sciences.

Rizal is active in religious organization

• MARCIAN

CONGREGATION- he is a

member

• APOSTOLIC OF PRAYER-

He is the secretary.

Rizal is talented.• Aside from literary, Rizal is

also good in painting and

art.

• March 23, 1877- he finished

4th and 5th year in painting at

Ateneo.

• In high school, he received

“En Artes”, a certificate

with an excellent remark.

Rizal studied medical course• Jose Rizal finished his medical course in the

University of Santo Tomas.

• 17 years of age- he successfully passed theLicensure examination for medicine but failed toclaim his license because he was under age.

• November 25, 1881- he was able to get his license

• Then, he decided to complete(Doctorate) hisstudies in Spain due to the radical prejudiceof Dominican Professors against Filipino Students

• On November 3, 1882, Rizal enrolled inUniversidad Central de Madrid(CentralUniversity of Madrid) in two courses –

• Medical and

• Philosophy and Letters.

in Madrid

• Rizal completed his medical course in Spain in

June 21, 1884.

• Due to not presenting the thesis required and

corresponding fees, he was not awarded his

Doctor’s diploma.

• Rizal also finished his studies in Philosophy

and Letter.

• He was awarded the degree of Licentiate in

Philosophy and Letters on June 19, 1885, with

rating of Excellent.

Studies Completed in Spain

Three Period of Active Leadership Participation

Rizal Poses a Challenge to the Filipino Students

• Circulo-Hispano- Filipino (Spanish-Filipino Club)

– an organization of young Filipino students including

Rizal, in Madrid formed but not well oriented

because the members were not united.

“ We have a lot of intelligent and brilliant students among

Filipinos but we lack unity.” Rizal said.

Two major problems of the Organization

• Lack of unity among the members

• Lack of availability of Funds

Rizal requests Spain to introduce Reform

• June 25, 1884

– -In his speech during the bequeathal, Juan Luna

and Felix Resurrection Hidalgo, he deplored the

move of some Spanish officials in the Philippines

who would destroy the future of our generations.

– Rizal ended his speech with the plea that Spain

should introduce the idea of reform and plan for

the good of the Filipino people.

• Banquet on June 25, 1884, Rizal salute to

Luna and Hidalgo’s victory on the National

Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid.

• Luna’s Spoliarium winning first prize and

Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins Exposed to

the Populance, second prize

Rizal’s Salute to Luna and Hidalgo

Luna’s Spoliarium

Hidalgo’s ChristianVirgins Exposed tothe Populance

Rizal Returns Home

• His travel to several countries of Europe in the next

two years following his graduation in Madrid was

part of his preparation.

• The tour was part of his leadership training.

• He was fluent in as many languages.

• Some of the languages which Rizal

speaks:

–Spanish

–Catalan

–Latin

– Italian

–Hebrew

–Arabic

–France

• Through the help of his good friend, Dr. Ferdinand

Blumentritt, he became acquainted with several

famous German scholars:

• Dr. Adolph Meyer

– The curato of Dresden museum

• Dr. Friedrich Jagor

– He visited Philippines in 1859-1860

– The author of “Raisen in den Philippines”

• Dr. Wilhelm Joest

– The noted professor in geography in Berlin, Germany

• William Reiss

– Former president of German scientific society

• Dr. Rudolph Virchow

– Worldwide famous cellular pathologist, anthropologist,

and a German political leader

• Rizal came back home to initiate some possible

changes and was so anxious to apply some things

he had observed in the countries he had visited.

• Rizal’s stay in Calamba for six months would be a

chance for him to help his countrymen in

agriculture, which was owned by the Dominicans.

Rizal leaves the Philippines for the second

time

• February 3, 1888 - Rizal left

his country for the second time

to give peace of mind to his

friends who were worried of

his action against the Spanish

government.

• Suehiro Tetcho

–Rizal’s Japanese friend who

left Hongkong because he

didn’t like his government.

A Public Demonstration is Another

Eye-Opener

• Dorato Cortes – he was a lawpractitioner led the public demonstrationduring Rizal’s movement and took inManila on March 1, 1888.

• A petition signed by hundreds of Filipinowas brought to Jose Centeno(governor of Manila) for the Queen ofSpain

• The petitioners asked for the removal ofFr. Pedro Payo (archbishop of manila)and expulsion of the Spanish Friars.

Rizal Shows Intellectual Leadership

• Rizal stayed in London from May 24,

1888 to the 2nd week of March 1889.

• He spent time in doing researches on

Philippine history in the British

Museum

• He was able to scan the book,

“Sucesos de Isles Filipinas” of Dr.

Antonio de Morga

Rizal Becomes Interested in the study of

Colonies

• Rizal aimed to spread the truth of his

country under the control of the colonies.

• According to the young,

Fernando Canon (Classmate of

Rizal), he even made flying visits to

Holland to buy books in East Asia.

Rizal Becomes a Prolific Writer

• Rizal was a prolific writer because of his articleswritten in the Philippines against the colony thatseeks for reforms.

• His principles and ideas were based on justice andreason.

• In Paris, there are lot of Filipinos because of theexposition.

INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION

IN PARIS (1889)

• Rizal initiated the organization:

• Kidlat Club

–The purpose was to make the Filipinos know

each other during the Paris Exposition

• Indios Bravos

–Aimed to defend the honor of the Filipinos and

exclusive RD.LM. Redemption of Malay Race

Rizal’s Leadership is Unique

• Rizal was writing to Blumentritt about the project of

North Borneo.

• He wrote his old friend that he would not be a

planter but the leader’s planter.

• Thought:

– “I shall not be a planter but the leader of the planters

who are thinking of emigrating there with

me”…………………

Rizal and the “La

Solidaridad”

• Rizal as a leader will not kill “La

Solidaridad”.

• Again, Rizal showed his great

dedication to his country when he

told his friends that the interest of

his countrymen is behind his

interest.

• October 1891

The propaganda committee in Manila passed a

resolution expressing their confidence in Rizal’s

leadership and patriotism and offering the editor in chief

position of new periodical.

• Rizal Party

– A party constituted by the board of directors to bring

about the struggle of the Philippines for her rights and

freedom.

La Solidaridad

La Solidaridad was the organ of the patriotic societyestablished by the Filipino expatriates in BarcelonaSpain.

• was founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena, its firsteditor.

• first issue appeared in Barcelona, Spain(February 15, 1889). Moved to Madrid inNovember, 1889. The next editor becameMarcelo H. del Pilar. It ended for lack of fundson November 15, 1895.

Aims of La Solidaridad:

1. To work peacefully for political and social reforms.

2. To portray the sad condition of the country so that

Spain could remedy them.

3. To champion the legitimate aspirations of the

Filipino for life, democracy and happiness.

The contributors used pen-named in their articles

published in La Solidaridad.

Marcelo del Pilar...........Plaridel

Jose Rizal......................Laong Laan/Dimasalang

Mariano Ponce.............Kalipulako/Tigbalang

Antonio Luna................Taga-Ilog

Jose Panganiban...........Jomapa

Rizal and the

“La Liga Filipina”

• Rizal as practical leader

conceives La Liga Filipina.

• The constitution of the La

Liga Filipina was drafted in

cooperation with his friend,

Jose Ma. Basa.

La Liga Filipina was a civic society

founded by Rizal with the following aims:

1. The unification of the whole archipelago

into a vigorous , compact body.

2. Mutual protection in every want and

necessity.

3. Mutual defense against all forms of

violence

4. Promotes education, agriculture and

commerce.

• La Liga Filipina was composed of three

levels:

– Popular

– Provincial

– Supreme Council

• Each levels was composed of:

– Chief

– Fiscal

– Treasurer

– Secretary

– Members

The members were entitled to:

1. Moral, material and financial aids

2. Engage in business or profession

in favor

3. Full assistance for La Liga Filipina

4. Full assistance in business funds

The funds of La Liga Filipinacould back up the followingprojects:

1. To support the members of hisson who had no financialsupport for studies;

2. To support poor to protect theirrights;

3. To lend money for the memberof agriculture;

4. To introduce the machinery; and

5. To open stores of low price toprovide the needs of themembers

La Liga Filipina failed when Rizal was

arrested and was exiled to Dapitan

ordered by Governor-general Despujol.

La Liga split into two:

The rightist wing came to be known as

Cuerpos de Compromisarios.

The leftist wing came to be called as the

Katipunan

Blumentritt predicts the Triumph of Rizal’s

Leadership

• Rizal’s maltreatment was a great surprise to

the Filipino people and a great shock to his

European Friends.

• Rizal exiled in Dapitan.

• Blumentritt assured Rizal that his novels’

ideas would be a triumph.

• Now and then, Blumentritt looked at the three

statues sent by Rizal to him.

The three statues:

• Triumph of Science Over Death

• Prometheus Bound

• Triumph of Death Over Life

• July 7, 1892

– Gov. Gen. Despujol published a decree of baselessaccusation on Rizal’s exile to Dapitan but it is justan untrue statement charged against him.

– To wit:

1. Publication and introduction of variousbooks;

2. Traveling through different provincesafter securing permission from theGov.Gen. Pardon;

3. Finding in his luggage the sheaf of hisleaflets entitled “Pobress Frailes”;

4. Dedication for El Filibusterismo toGomBurZa whom Rizal exalted asmartyrs

5. Rizal’s attempt to De-cathilocize or de-nationalize the ever Spanish and ever

• Rizal was detained in Fort Santiago from

July 7-14, 1892 and left for Dapitan for a

truthful life for 4 years.

• His deportation naturally shows interest to

his countrymen and strong faith in God.

Rizal exiles in Dapitan

• Rizal practices community leadership in Dapitan.

• In his 4 years staying in Dapitan, Rizal proved and

demonstrated as a passion thinker by means of

actions to show the interest to serve his countrymen

with his limited resources.

• Rizal as a farmer

– He was able to form an association of the farmers to

improve their production and obtain better and more

market to collect funds to buy their products.

• Rizal as a physician

– He happened to be a town physician without any pay for

his professional fee but he freely offers service for his

community and commitment as a leader.

– Here, he operated his mother's right eye.

– The operation was successful but Dona

Teodora ignored her son's instructions by removing

the bandages from her eyes, hereby causing the

wound to be infected.

• Rizal as a teacher

– His exile in Dapitan gave him the opportunity to put into

practice his educational ideas. I

– n 1893, he established a school which existed until the

end of his exile in July 1896.

– Rizal taught reading, writing, languages (Spanish and

English), geography, history, mathematics arithmetic

and geometry), industrial work, nature study, morals

and gymnastics.

– He trained them how to collect specimens

of plants and animals, to love work, and to "behave

like men".

Rizal’s life in Dapitan

• In several letters to

Blumentritt, Rizal told him

about his life in Dapitan:

1. I am very far from the civilization where

everything is discussed, everything is placed in

doubt and nothing is accepting without

previous examination

2. I am very fatalistic like an oriental that I am,

believe that the present evil can gather much

good flowers that will grow in the future in

putrid.

3. My life is now quiet, peaceful, retired and without

glory, but I think it is useful too.

4. My exile has lasted so long that I am beginning

to lose hope of ever seeing myself free again

someday.

5. If teaching were free here, it is very probable

that many good teachers from Spain and other

countries would come.

6. My spirit will always be free.

• November 3, 1896,Rizal was detained inFort Santiago for thesecond time around.

• He formed theaccusation by means offorming secret societiesthat secretly assistedthe revolution

Rizal’s Death is the growing of glory of his leadership

• Rizal was accused of three crimes:

1. Rebellion

2. Sedition

3. Illegal Association

• Penalty

1. Rebellion and Sedition- was from life

imprisonment to death.

2. Illegal Association- was correctional

imprisonment and a fine of 325 to

3,250 pesetas.

• Lt. Col. Togores Arjona – considered

the trial over and ordered the hall

cleared.

Gen. Camilo G. De Polavieja

–Approved and Signs Rizal’s Execution

Upon hearing the court's decision, Rizal already

knew that there's no way that his destiny would be

changed – Rizal knew it was his end, and had

accepted his fate.

6 o'clock in the morning of December 29, 1896

• Jose Rizal died at exactly 7:03 in the morning of

December 30,1896

• Before he died, Rizal was able to bequeath his last thought to his people in a beautiful poem, Me Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell), written on December 29, 1896.

• A most touching poem, with exquisite finesseand sublime feeling, it is a worthy swan-song of a great soul.

• Rizal was secretly buried inPaco Cemetery in Manila withno identification on his grave.Assuming this could be themost likely spot, there neverhaving any ground burials, shemade a gift to the caretaker tomark the site "RPJ", Rizal'sinitials in reverse.