joó andrás ww1

8/10/2019 Jo Andrs WW1

1/19

The Origins and Legacy of

World War I.An (Austro-)Hungarian Perspective

AndrsJo(Hungary)


2/19

THE REAL DECLARATION OF WAR

WAS THE REGICIDE IN SERBIA ON

THE 12TH JUNE 1903

MARCZALI HENRIK

HOW THE GREAT WAR WASMADE? (HOGYAN KSZLT A NAGY HBOR?)

DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF

TISZA


3/19

A FRIENDS APOLOGETIC REMINISCENCESWITH A TOUCH OF CRITICISM

COUNT ISTVN BURIN

his policy, which was alwaysrather of a broad-minded order,

was somewhat out of tune with the

times. The disposition of forces in

the country had gradually shifted,

especially under the influence of

neighbouring national states, whofollowed the general trend of the

time


4/19

A MISSING HORIZON IN HUNGARY

INTERNAL POLICY NARRATIVES

DOMINANCE OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS CHARACTERIZED BY

POLITICAL OBSTRUCTION, LIMITED INTEREST IN WORLD

AFFAIRS BEYOND REGIONAL GOALS AND STATUS QUO BEFORE

WWI

ONE OF THE FEW COUNT ANDRSSYS WORK WHICH

PROVIDES A DEEPER INSIGHT INTO THE INT. CONTEXT

APOLOGETIC TOWARDS HIS FATHER, THOUGH CRITICISING

ANNEXATION


5/19


6/19

ANDRSSYS OBSERVATIONS

THE SYSTEM MAINTAINED PEACE LONGERTHAN A CONCERT OF FULLY INDEPENDENTSTATES WITH A FREE HAND WOULD HAVE

DONEYET A SHORTER PEACE WOULD NOTHAVE ENDED WITH A WORLD DISASTER

ITALY APPEARS AS A DESTABILISING FACTORWITHIN THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE, GIVING IT ATOUCH OF ANTI-FRENCH ATTITUDE(OVEREMPHASIZED)


7/19

ANGLO-GERMAN ANTAGONISM

EVEN ANDRSSYS GENERALLY OBJECTIVEREASONING SHOWS CLICHS OF ENCIRCLEMENT

STILL PROBABLY THE BEST GEOPOLITICAL ESSAY

AS FOR PERSONAL ROLES KING EDWARD VII. PUTINTO THE CENTRE

CONTEMPORARY SOURCES SUPPORT THE IDEA

THAT CLICHS AND SCAPE-GOAT THEORIES WEREWIDESPREAD (MREY, AEHRENTHAL, SZGYNY -MARICH)


8/19

ANGLO-GERMAN ANTAGONISMCOUNT ALEXANDER HOYOS (HOYOS

SNDOR) CHEF DE CABINET OF FOREIGNMINISTER BERCHTOLD

PROTAGONIST OF THE JULY CRISIS


9/19

VIABILITY OF THE DUAL MONARCHY

DISSOLUTION PROBLEM AND WAR

FRANZ FERDINAND (ANTAGONISM OF SCHLOSSBELVEDERE AND THE HUNGARIANS)

ACCORDING TO OTTOKAR CZERNIN:

So ergreifend die Umstndeseines Todes waren vielleicht war

es ein Glckfrihn. Es ist kaum denkbar, dasich der Erzherzog,

einmal auf dem Thron, mit seinen Ideen htte durchsetzen knnen.

Das Gebudeder Monarchie, welches er gerne sttzenund festigenwollte, war bereits dermaen morsch, da es keinen strkerenEingriff mehr vertrug


10/19

PESSIMISM/DETERMINISM

SOLOMON WANK

ENDZEITSTIMMUNG

GENERAL FEELING REFLECTED IN POST WARMEMOIRS

wenn nicht dieser Krieg von auen, so htteeswahrscheinlich die Revolution von innen gesprengt der Kranke war schwerlich mehr in der Lage, die

Operation auszuhalten


11/19

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CONTEXT

EVEN LESS FREQUENT TO FORM A LINK

BETWEEN INTERNAL REFORM EFFORTS AND

THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION

MISSING LINK BETWEEN THE RAISON DETRE

IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE EUROPEAN

BALANCE OF POWER AND THE CREATION OF

INTERNAL UNITY AND A FORM OF NEW

PATRIOTISM (HEIMAT DES HERZENS)


12/19

JZSEF KRISTFFYS UNIQUEINTERPRETATIONS

ONE OF THE RARE FRIENDS OF FRANZ

FERDINAND IN HUNGARY

ALSO CHARACTERIZED BY DETERMINISM

NO STRONG HANDVA-BANQUE

LACK OF PUBLIC SUPPORT


13/19


14/19

FRANZ FERDINAND VS TISZA ANALYSIS


15/19


16/19

COOPERATION OF THE DEFEATED

CONFERENCE OF KRIEGSSCHULDFORSCHERBEHIND CLOSED DOORS (FROM 15TH 19TH APRIL1926 IN BERLIN)

COORDINATED PROPAGANDA EFFORTS

A JOINT EFFORT TO QUESTION THE WAR GUILTDEFINED IN THE PEACE TREATIES

AVOID BLAMING FORMER ALLIES

A VISION OF A NETWORK OF INSTITUTES

HISTORIAN JEN HORVTH WAS INVOLVED PLANS AND EFFORTS TO ORGANISE INT.

CONFERENCE WITH THE SUPPORT OF CARNEGIEENDOWMENT


17/19

FAILURE OF LEADERSHIP

In all countries the person in charge of foreign affairs iseither the chief or a member of the cabinet () He may needto secure the agreement of the other members of the

cabinet, but they too need to secure his. This gives him the

necessary influence upon the whole policy of government,and assures the necessary co-ordination of internal and

external policy. Only in Austria-Hungary the Minister of

Foreign Affairs was in an isolated position. He was joint

minister for the two countries, but did not form any cabinet() he was always specifically appointed to preside at a "joint ministers' conference "

(Burin: Austria in Dissolution)


18/19

ANYONE IS RESPONSIBLE WHO WAS

INVOLVED IN GOVERMENTAL POLICIES,

POLICY-MAKINGSIMILAR REASONING OFKRISTFFYESPECIALLY DIPLOMATS WITH THEIR

COBWEB, AS CUNNING SPIDERS

RESPONSIBILITY OF KAISER WILHELM

SOMEWHAT OVEREMPHASISEDgoston, A hbor okozi, 232-233.

COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY

NOT ONLY POLICY MAKERS, BUT THE GOVERNED CAN

ALSO BE MADE RESPONSIBLE, AS THEY REMAINED

PASSIVE AND COOPERATING


19/19

What is beyond empire?

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