johnny has two daddies: an evaluation of gay dads raising kids

7/27/2019 Johnny Has Two Daddies: An Evaluation of Gay Dads Raising Kids

1/24

Tuhhahb mc`f: @H C_@IS@VANH NO B@Q F@F\ T@A\AHB KAF\ 0

Jnmhhy M`s Vwn F`ffacs:

@h Cvìu`tanh no B`y F`fs Tàsahb Kafs

Fcv`h E( Enhrnc

E`ss`lmusctts Lniicbc no Iadcrì @rts


2/24

@H C_@IS@VANH NO B@Q F@F\ T@A\AHB KAF\ 4

@dstr`lt

Tcsc`rlm nh eìc sèc%scx p`rchtahb as eahaeì ah lnep`rasnh tn ntmcr brnups

ràsahb lmaifrch -a(c( icsda`h p`rchts `hf mctcrnscxuì p`rchts!( Vmc prcscht stufy sccks tn

cxèahc fcprcssavc syeptne`tninby) strcss icvcis) `hf rci`tanhsmap.e`ratì s`taso`ltanh

ènhb lnm`dat`tahb eìc sèc%scx p`rthcrs ràsahb lmaifrch uhfcr 0= yc`rs no `bc(

W`rtalap`hts rclruatcf orne sèc%scx p`rchtahb suppnrt brnups ah tmc Shatcf \t`tcs waii

lnepictc `h nhiahc survcy( Tcsuits wcrc cxpcltcf tn fcenhstr`tc tm`t fcprcssavc

syeptne`tninby `hf strcss icvcis waii dc mabmcst `hf rci`tanhsmap.e`ratì s`taso`ltanh waii

dc inwcst wmch lmaifrch `rc ynuhbcr( Vmc nppnsatc as cxpcltcf tn dc truc wmch lmaifrch

`rc nifcr( Vmc cxpcltcf lnrrci`tanhs wcrc hnt onuhf( Wnst mnl `hìysas rcvcìcf ` pnsatavc

lnrrci`tanh dctwcch tmc huedcr no mnurs no mnuscwnrk ` p`rtalap`ht lnepictcf pcr wcck

`hf tmcar icvcis no rci`tanhsmap s`taso`ltanh( \ubbcstanhs onr outurc rcsc`rlm cxèahahb tmc

rci`tanhsmap dctwcch mnuscwnrk `hf e`ratì s`taso`ltanh watmah sèc%scx eìc lnupics as

bavch(


3/24

@H C_@IS@VANH NO B@Q F@F\ T@A\AHB KAF\ @ ocw stufacs cxèahc sèc%scx eìc p`rthcrs wmn lmnsc o`tmcrmnnf

watmnut tmc lnhtcxt no ` prcvanus mctcrnscxuì rci`tanhsmap -Dcrbe`h) Tudan) Brcch /

W`frh) 4707!( Ntmcr stufacs m`vc dcch lnhfultcf tn cxèahc sèc%scx eìc p`rchtahb ah

tmc lnhtcxt no pnsscssahb sniciy ` b`y afchtaty `hf tmc cxpcrachlc no `fnptahb `hf ln%

p`rchtahb lmaifrch -Dccrs) 011?; Icwah) 477?; Pu`rtarnha) 0113; \t`lcy) 477?!( Vmas

p`pcr sccks tn cxp`hf tmc drc`ftm no rcsc`rlm nh sèc%scx eìc p`rchts ìnhbsafc tmc

ònrcechtanhcf stufacs dy cxèahahb strcss) fcprcssanh) e`ratì.rci`tanhsmap s`taso`ltanh

`hf tmc favasanh no mnuscmnif i`dnr ènhb sèc%scx eìc p`rchts ràsahb lmaifrch(

W`rchtahb strcss( \trcss `rasahb orne p`rchtahb tchfs tn dcbah snnh òtcr tmc

lmaifs dartm nr `fnptanh( Furahb tmc ahataì tr`hsatanh ahtn p`rchtmnnf) lnupics

orcquchtiy fcenhstr`tc ` frè`tal ahlrc`sc ah rci`tanhsmap lnhoialt ah `ffatanh tn `

fclrc`sc ah pnsatavc ahtcr`ltanhs -Iahvaiic ct ì() 4707) p( 463! wmalm l`h lnhtradutc tn

dntm assucs watmah tmc rci`tanhsmap `hf fclrc`sc tmc quìaty no tmc p`rchts p`rchtahb

skaiis( @enhb mctcrnscxuì p`rchts) icvcis no p`rchtahb strcss tchf tn ic`f tn pnnr p`rcht%

lmaif rci`tanhsmaps `hf p`rchtì fcprcssanh m`s lnrrci`tcf tn ahlrc`scf dcm`vanr prndices

ah lmaifrch -Fc`tcr%Fclk`rf) 011=; Eustaiin) Fnrscy) Lnhnvcr / Durhs) 4700!(

O`rr) Onrsscii) `hf W`ttcrsnh -4707! onuhf tm`t icsda`h `hf b`y `fnptavc p`rchts

cxpcrachlc inwcr icvcis no nvcrìi strcss rci`tcf farcltiy tn p`rchtahb wmch lnep`rcf tn

pnpui`tanh hnres) dut tmc strcss tmcy faf cxpcrachlc lnrrci`tcf tn cicv`tcf dcm`vanr

prndices ah tmcar lmaifrch( Mnwcvcr) Vnrhciin) O`rr) `hf W`ttcrsnh -4700! lnhliufcf tm`t


5/24


b`y o`tmcrs rclcavahb icss snlaì suppnrt `hf mnifahb ` icss pnsatavc b`y afchtaty wcrc

enrc iakciy tn cxpcrachlc brc`tcr ènuhts no p`rchtahb strcss( Vmas lnhtr`falts ntmcr

cvafchlc subbcstahb brc`tcr ènuhts no snlaì suppnrt ahoiuchlcs p`rchtahb strcss watmah

oèaiaì systces -Lrhal / Brcchdcrb) 0117; O`b`h) Dcrhf / Rmatce`h) 4772!) yct

ourtmcrs cvafchlc prcschtcf dy Nstdcrb) M`bckuii) `hf Rcttcrbrch -0112! subbcstahb `

i`lk no snlaì suppnrt ènhb wnech ràsahb lmaifrch lnrrci`tcf tn mabmcr icvcis no

fcprcssanh( Vmc ènuht no snlaì suppnrt ` p`rcht rclcavcs) wmctmcr eìc nr oceìc) b`y

nr stràbmt) scces tn m`vc `h ahoiuchlc nh tmc ènuht no p`rchtahb strcss tmcy waii

cxpcrachlc wmaic l`rahb onr tmcar lmaif( Mnwcvcr) at as aepnrt`ht tn hntc tm`t typcs no

snlaì suppnrt v`racf dctwcch tmc stufacs) watm centanhì suppnrt `s tmc eàh typc no

snlaì suppnrt dcahb ec`surcf( Lrhal / Brcchdcrb -0117) p( 0?


6/24

@H C_@IS@VANH NO B@Q F@F\ T@A\AHB KAF\ ?

no snlaì suppnrt `hf tmc fctraechtì cooclt no dcahb ah ` sèc%scx rci`tanhsmap ah `

bcnbr`pmalì `rc` nr watmah ` snlaì larlic wmcrc hnh%mctcrnhnre`tavc rci`tanhsmaps `rc

stabe`tazcf( Ao dntm p`rthcrs pnsscss ` pnsatavc afchtaty rci`tcf tnw`rf tmcar scxuìatacs)

tmc cooclt no stabe`taz`tanh e`y dc rcfulcf watmah sèc%scx lnupics(

Tcoicltavc no tmc tmnrnubm slrcchahb prnlcss typalì furahb tmc `fnptanh prnlcss)

`fnptavc p`rchts tchf tn rcpnrt inwcr icvcis no p`rchtahb strcss tm`h daninbalì p`rchts

-Drnfzahsky / Wahfcrmubmcs) 4774!( Vmas lnhtr`sts oahfahbs dy Darf) Wctcrsnh) `hf

Eaiicr -4774! tm`t ahfal`tcf stràhs nh tmc oèaiy furahb tmc `fnptanh -a(c( oah`hlaì!

eabmt ahlrc`sc nvcrìi icvcis no fastrcss( At as aepnrt`ht tn hntc) mnwcvcr) tm`t snec

stufacs m`vc ahfal`tcf tmc huedcr no lmaifrch ah ` mnuscmnif e`y ahoiuchlc tmc strcss

icvcis cxpcrachlcf dy `fnptavc p`rchts) watm ocwcr lmaifrch dcahb iahkcf tn icss strcss

-Darf) Wctcrsnh / Eaiicr) 4774!( @ stufy lnhfultcf dy M`rras `hf Vurhcr -01=?! onuhf

tm`t sèc%scx eìc p`rchts ocit enrc p`rchtì s`taso`ltanh `hf tchfcf tn fas`brcc watm

tmcar p`rthcrs icss `dnut faslapiahahb tmc lmaif lnep`rcf tn icsda`h `hf mctcrnscxuì

p`rchts ah tmc sèpic( Lcrtàh fcenbr`pmals) sulm `s cful`tanhì `hf oah`hlaì rcsnurlcs)

e`y ìicva`tc p`rchtahb strcss nh `fnptavc p`rchts -O`rr ct ì() 4707!(

Favasanh no mnuscmnif i`dnr( Tcsc`rlm nh eìc lnhtradutanh tn mnuscmnif t`sks

dy F`vas) Brcchstcah) `hf Bcrtcasch E`rks -4772! onuhf tm`t) ah lnm`dat`tahb mnuscmnifs)

ech pcronrecf enrc t`sks wmaic wnech pcronrecf ocwcr) `hf tm`t tmc nppnsatc w`s truc

wmch tmc lnupic w`s e`rracf( Vmc t`sk favasanh dctwcch lnm`dat`tahb mctcrnscxuì

lnupics `hf e`rracf mctcrnscxuì lnupics tchfs tn dc enrc cbìat`ra`h tm`h wmch tmc

lnupic as e`rracf `hf favafcs t`sks `llnrfahb tn tr`fatanhì bchfcr rnics( Bchfcrcf


7/24


drc`fwahhcr%mnece`kcr rnics tchf tn drc`k fnwh ènhb lnm`dat`tahb mctcrnscxuì

lnupics) `hf tmusiy) mnuscmnif t`sks `rc favafcf enrc cquìiy -D`xtcr) 4773!(

E`rracf wnech ah mctcrnscxuì rci`tanhsmaps tchf tn m`vc ` enrc pnsatavc `ttatufc

`hf eàhtàh mabmcr st`hf`rfs tnw`rf t`sks iakc lnnkahb) lic`hahb) `hf l`rahb onr

lmaifrch) wmaic ech tchf tn m`vc enrc hcb`tavc `ttatufcs `dnut lnepictahb tmcsc sèc

t`sks -Wnnrte`h / _`h Fcr Iappc) 4771!( Vmcsc oahfahbs lnhtradutc tn tmc bchfcrcf

h`turc no mnuscmnif t`sks: `s wnech ocit enrc pnsatavciy `dnut mnuscmnif t`sks `hf ech

ocit enrc hcb`tavciy) wnech lnhtradutcf enrc taec tn lnepictahb tmcsc t`sks( Mnwcvcr)

rcsuits no ` stufy dy \lmhcafcr -4704! ahfal`tcf ech tchfcf tn lnhtradutc enrc tn eìc%

typcf mnuscmnif t`sks -a(c( rcpàrs nr i`hfsl`pahb! wmch tmcar jnds wcrc lnhsafcrcf

wnechs wnrk -a(c( hursc nr snlaì wnrkcr! tm`h wmch tmcar jnd w`s lnhsafcrcf e`hs

wnrk -a(c( e`h`bcr nr dusahcss cxclutavc! dut tmc sèc w`s hnt truc onr wnech(

Ourtmcrenrc) wnech tchf tn hnt pcrlcavc ahcquatacs ah tmc favasanh no mnuscmnif i`dnr `s

uhoàr -Brcchstcah) 4771!( Vmc ònrcechtanhcf stufacs nh tmc favasanh no mnuscmnif i`dnr

onlus nh mctcrnscxuì lnupics) lrc`tahb ` b`p ah tmc cxèah`tanh no tmas t`sk favasanh

ènhb sèc%scx lnupics(

Tcsc`rlm m`s smnwh tm`t sèc%scx lnupics tchf tn spiat mnuscmnif lmnrcs `hf

oah`hlcs ah ` enrc cbìat`ra`h o`smanh) lnep`rcf tn mctcrnscxuì lnupics) wmn tchf tn

favafc t`sks `llnrfahb tn enrc rabaf scx rnics -Diuestcah / \lmw`rtz) 01=


8/24

@H C_@IS@VANH NO B@Q F@F\ T@A\AHB KAF\ =

afchtaty `hf tmcar p`rchtahb afchtaty `s twn scp`r`tc chtatacs `hf tmas e`y ahoiuchlc mnw

p`rthcrs lmnnsc tn favafc tmcar mnuscmnif t`sks -\lm`lmcr) 4774; \lm`lmcr) @ucrd`lm /

\aivcrstcah) 4773!( Qct tmrnubm `hìysas no f`t` nh sèc%scx lnupics) tmc v`ra`dic no

bchfcr smnuif dclnec arrcicv`ht `hf ìinw onr ahtcrprct`tanh no ahlnec faoocrchlc d`scf

nh cepinyecht ìnhc r`tmcr tm`h tmrnubm tmc ichs no ` rabaf) bchfcrcf favasanh) `s dntm

p`rthcrs wnuif prcsue`diy lnepictc eìc%typcf `hf oceìc%typcf t`sks rcbui`riy(

E`ratì.rci`tanhsmap s`taso`ltanh( \tufacs nh mctcrnscxuì e`rra`bc aiiustr`tc `

lnepicx rci`tanhsmap dctwcch e`ratì st`tus) occiahbs no prntcltanh) `hf s`taso`ltanh(

Assucs no `hxacty `hf fcprcssanh tchf tn dc tacf tn nvcr`rlmahb rci`tanhsmap assucs -Wrapp)

\krcfch) \k`ra) Eìt / Cedice) 4707! `hf ìtmnubm e`rra`bc prnvafcs e`tcraì dchcoats

`hf lcrtàh snlaì `hf psylmninbalì prntcltanhs -Kèp Fusm / @e`tn) 4773!) ech scce

tn bàh enrc dchcoats orne dcahb e`rracf tm`h wnech -Bnvc) 0124; Bnvc) Mubmcs /

\tyic) 01=

e`rra`bc `s tmc mnuscwaoc lnep`rcf tn tmc musd`hfs fuì rnic `s mnuscmnif ic`fcr `hf

drc`fwahhcr( Vmc musd`hf m`s euitapic nuticts tn oahf pràsc nr s`taso ltanh -a(c( `t mnec

`hf `t wnrk!) wmaic tmc waoc nhiy m`s nhc snurlc onr tmc sèc pràsc -a(c( ah tmc mnec!(

Mnwcvcr) watm enrc wnech chtcrahb tmc wnrkonrlc `hf tmc huedcr no fuì c`rhcr

mnuscmnifs ahlrc`sahb) rclcht rcsc`rlm m`s rcoutcf tmas oahfahb -Ru) \lmaeecic) Wchhahb)

Zmchb / Hnm) 4704; T`hsnh) 470

rci`tanhsmaps) dntm p`rthcrs rclcavc cquì nppnrtuhaty onr pràsc) `s dntm wnuif

prcsue`diy t`kc nh tmc rnic no dntm mnuscmnif ic`fcr `hf drc`fwahhcr( @ffatanhìiy)

dntm eìc p`rthcrs smnuif bàh tmc psylmninbalì prntcltanhs tm`t `rc `tt`lmcf tn tmc


9/24


pcrlcavcf st`daiaty no dcahb e`rracf ao tmc st`daiaty `rascs orne e`rra`bc ìnhc `hf tmc

bchfcr no tmc p`rthcrs as uhaepnrt`ht(

\tufacs lnhfultcf nh e`ratì s`taso`ltanh dctwcch mctcrnscxuì p`rthcrs watm

lmaifrch m`vc dcch eaxcf( _`h Cbcrch -4776! subbcstcf tm`t rci`tanhsmap s`taso`ltanh

strakahbiy fclrc`scf oniinwahb tmc dartm no tmc oarst lmaif) wmaic ntmcr stufacs -c(b(

Rìi`lc / Bntiad) 0117; Fcw / Railnx) 4700! onuhf iattic lm`hbc nr `h ahlrc`sc ah

s`taso`ltanh oniinwahb tmc `ffatanh no lmaifrch( Tcsc`rlm dy Bnrlmnoo) Jnmh) `hf Mcisnh

-477=! subbcsts tm`t e`ratì s`taso`ltanh ahlrc`scs `s lmaifrch `bc `hf ic`vc tmc mnec(

Dclùsc lmaifrch `rc `bahb `hf ic`vahb tmc mnec) p`rchts m`vc tmc nppnrtuhaty tn spchf

taec watm nhc `hntmcr watmnut m`vahb tn supcrvasc tmcar lmaifrch nr wnrry `dnut oahfahb

l`rct`kcrs( Vmc durfch no lmaifl`rc as rcenvcf `hf tmcrconrc e`y ic`f tn ocwcr

fas`brccechts tm`t wnuif hnreìiy rcvnivc `rnuhf lmaifl`rc -c(b( oahfahb ` d`dysattcr!(

Wcrlcptanhs no e`ratì s`taso`ltanh tchf tn dc iahkcf watm pcrlcptanhs no nvcrìi

iaoc s`taso`ltanh ènhb mctcrnscxuì lnupics -Lèpdcii) Lnhvcrsc / Tnfbcrs) 012?;

Rcahb`rtch) 01=3!( \tufacs lnhfultcf nh sèc%scx rci`tanhsmaps aiiustr`tc tm`t tmcsc

lnupics tchf tn m`vc saeai`r occiahbs no rci`tanhsmap s`taso`ltanh `hf quìaty tn

mctcrnscxuì lnupics -Wcpiù / Oahbcrmut) 4772!(

Wrcscht stufy( Enst iatcr`turc cxèahahb sèc%scx p`rchts pcronre lnep`r`tavc

`hìyscs dctwcch icsda`h p`rchts) b`y p`rchts) `hf mctcrnscxuì p`rchts) nr cxliufc b`y

p`rchts orne `hìyscs ìtnbctmcr -c(b( Crcr`) 4774; M`rras / Vurhcr) 01=?!( Vmc prcscht

stufy sccks tn `sscss icvcis no strcss) fcprcssanh) `hf e`ratì.rci`tanhsmap s`taso`ltanh

ènhb lnm`dat`tahb sèc%scx eìc p`rthcrs ràsahb lmaifrch) watmnut tmc ahliusanh no

mctcrnscxuì nr icsda`h p`rchts( At as mypntmcsazcf tm`t tmc lmaifrchs `bc waii lnrrci`tc tn


10/24


tmc icvcis no strcss) fcprcssanh) `hf s`taso`ltanh) watm strcss `hf fcprcssanh inwcst `hf

s`taso`ltanh mabmcst wmch tmc lmaifrch `rc linscr tn tmc `bc no e`jnraty( Ourtmcrenrc) at as

mypntmcsazcf tm`t tmc ènuht no mnuscwnrk ` p`rthcr lnepictcs waii ecfa`tc tmcar

occiahbs no fcprcssanh `hf tmcar nvcrìi e`ratì.rci`tanhsmap s`taso`ltanh(

Ectmnf

W`rtalap`hts

\èc%scx eìc lnupics ràsahb lmaifrch wcrc rclruatcf onr `h nhiahc survcy

tmrnubm oiycr pnstahbs `t scvcrì sèc%scx p`rchtahb suppnrt brnups `lrnss tmc Shatcf

\t`tcs) va` snlaì hctwnrkahb wcdsatcs -a(c( O`lcdnnk!) `hf tmc usc no Ahtcrhct%d`scf

p`rchtahb onrues( Lratcra` onr p`rtalap`hts tn lnepictc tmc nhiahc survcy ahliufcf: -0!

p`rtalap`hts eust dc eìc) -4! p`rtalap`hts eust dc ràsahb nhc nr enrc lmaif-rch! uhfcr

tmc `bc no 0=) `hf -

W`rtalap`hts wcrc ahvatcf tn lnepictc ` survcy cxèahahb p`rchtì strcss nh sèc%

scx p`rchts( Vmcy wcrc prnvafcf watm mypcriahks tn `llcss tmc nhiahc survcy `t tmcar nwh

lnhvchachlc(

Fcenbr`pmals( Oaotcch eìc p`rtalap`hts lnepictcf tmc nhiahc survcy( Vmc

`vcr`bc `bc no tmc p`rtalap`hts w`s 66 yc`rs -\F 5 00(76!) watm ` r`hbc orne 4= tn ?4

yc`rs( Tci`tanhsmap ichbtm r`hbcf orne 0 tn


11/24


afchtaoacf `s Masp`hal( @h nvcrwmcieahb e`jnraty no p`rtalap`hts lnepictcf lniicbc nr

pnstbr`fu`tc stufy( W`rtalap`ht rci`tanhsmaps tn tmcar lmaifrch wcrc sprc`f) watm 3

afchtaoyahb `s daninbalì o`tmcrs) 1 `s `fnptavc o`tmcrs) `hf 4 `s icbì bu`rfa`hs( @ r`hbc

no 0 tn 6 lmaifrch w`s prcscht ah c`lm mnuscmnif) watm tmc ec`h huedcr no lmaifrch ah tmc

mnuscmnif `t 0(=? -\F 5 7(13!(

Ec`surcs

W`rchtì strcss( Occiahbs no p`rchtì strcss wcrc ec`surcf usahb tmc 0=%atce - 5

(260! W`rchtì \trcss \lìc -W\\; Dcrry / Jnhcs) 0113!( Atces wcrc r`tcf nh ` slìc no 0

tn 3 -0 5strnhbiy fas`brcc; < 5 uhfclafcf;3 5strnhbiy `brcc!( Ahliufcf atces wcrc A

chjny spchfahb taec watm ey lmaif-rch!) Vmc e`jnr snurlc no strcss ah ey iaoc as ey

lmaif-rch!) `hf A è s`tasoacf `s ` p`rcht( Atces wcrc rcvcrsc lnfcf `s hccfcf `hf

sueecf) watm mabmcr sues ahfal`tahb ` mabmcr prcschlc no p`rchtì strcss(

Favasanh no mnuscmnif i`dnr( Favasanh no mnuscmnif i`dnr w`s `sscsscf usahb

atces - 5 (60=! nrabahìiy onuhf ah tmc Eafiaoc Fcvcinpecht ah tmc Shatcf \t`tcs survcy

-EAFS\; Drae) Tyoo / Kcssicr) 4776!( W`rtalap`hts wcrc `skcf tn lmnnsc tmc enst

`pprnpra`tc `hswcr tn ` vabhcttc fcslradahb tmc lnepictanh no v`ranus mnuscmnif lmnrcs

-a(c( lnnkahb) smnppahb) iùhfry) lic`hahb) y`rf wnrk) rcpàrs) p`yahb daiis) w`smahb

lmaifrchs iùhfry) w`smahb lmaifrchs fasmcs) lnnkahb onr lmaifrch!( Vmas atce w`s r`tcf

orne 0 tn 2 -0 5ynur spnusc fncs ` int enrc tm`h ynu; 6 5 lmnrcs `rc spiat cquìiy; 2 5

ynu fn ` int enrc tm`h ynur spnusc!(

Vwn `ffatanhì atces wcrc ahliufcf ah tmas ec`surc( Ah tmc oarst) p`rtalap`hts wcrc

`skcf tn ahput mnw e`hy mnurs ah ` typalì wcck tmcy spcht lnepictahb mnuscmnif


12/24


lmnrcs) wmaic tmc sclnhf `skcf onr ahput no mnw e`hy mnurs tmcar spnusc spcht pcr wcck

lnepictahb mnuscmnif lmnrcs(

Fcprcssanh( Fcprcssanh w`s ec`surcf usahb tmc Lchtcr onr Cpafceaninbal \tufacs

Fcprcssanh \lìc -LC\%F; T`finoo) 0122!( Vmc \lìc lnhsasts no 47 atces - 5 (2 Tcspnhscs `rc sueecf tn ahfal`tc nvcrìi icvcis no

`fjustecht(

Wrnlcfurc

W`rtalap`hts wcrc prnvafcf watm tmc mypcriahk tn tmc nhiahc survcy tmrnubm

pnstahbs `t sèc%scx p`rchtahb suppnrt brnups) nhiahc suppnrt brnups) `hf snlaì

hctwnrkahb wcdsatcs( Vmc stufy lnuif dc lnepictcf ah `pprnxae`tciy


13/24

@H C_@IS@VANH NO B@Q F@F\ T@A\AHB KAF\ 0 @ h`tanh`i stufy no wcii%dcahb `t eafiaoc -pp( 0%


18/24

@H C_@IS@VANH NO B@Q F@F\ T@A\AHB KAF\ 0=

Drnfzahsky) F( E() / Wahfcrmubmcs) C( C( -4774!( W`rchtahb `hf lmaif fcvcinpecht ah

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Cfatanh -pp(

421% R`smahbtnh) FL: S(\( Fcp`rtecht no Mcìtm `hf Mue`h \crvalcs)

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Lrhal) K( @() / Brcchdcrb) E( V( -0117!( Eahnr p`rchtahb strcsscs watm ynuhb lmaifrch(

Lmaif Fcvcinpecht) ?0-3!) 0?4=%0?Fcw) J() / Railnx) R( D( -4700!( Ao Enee` àht m`ppy: cxpiàhahb fcliahcs ah e`ratì

s`taso`ltanh ènhb hcw entmcrs(Jnurhì no E`rra`bc `hf Oèaiy) 2


19/24


Cv`h D( Fnhìfsnh @fnptanh Ahstatutc( -477

survcy no `fnptanh `bchly pnialacs) pr`ltalcs) `hf `ttatufcs( Hcw Qnrk:

Drnfzahsky) F( E(

O`b`h) J() Dcrhf) C() / Rmatce`h) _( -4772!( @fnicslcht o`tmcrs p`rchtahb strcss) snlaì

suppnrt) `hf ahvnivcecht watm aho`hts(Jnurhì no Tcsc`rlm nh @fnicschlc) 02-0!)

0%44(

O`rr) T( M() Onrsscii) \( I() / W`ttcrsnh) L( J( -4707!( W`rchtahb `hf lmaif fcvcinpecht ah

`fnptavc oèaiacs: fncs p`rchtì scxuì nracht`tanh e`ttcr>@ppiacf

Fcvcinpechtì \lachlc) 06-

Ornst) F( E( -4700!( \tabe` `hf ahtae`ly ah sèc%scx rci`tanhsmaps: ` h`rr`tavc `pprn`lm(

Jnurhì no Oèaiy Wsylmninby) 43-0!) 0%07(

B`tcs) B( J() D`fbctt) E( _( I() E`lnedcr) J( C() / Lmèdcrs) K( -4772!(@fnptanh `hf

onstcr l`rc dy b`y `hf icsda`h p`rchts ah tmc Shatcf \t`tcs( Ins @hbcics: Vmc

Raiiaès Ahstatutc) Shavcrsaty no Lìaonrha` `t Ins @hbcics(

bchcrì pnpui`tanh(@ppiacf Wsylmninbalì Ec`surcecht) 0-

Bnifdcrb) @( C() / \eatm) J( Z( -4700!( \tabe`) snlaì lnhtcxt) `hf echtì mcìtm: icsda`h

`hf b`y lnupics `lrnss tmc tr`hsatanh tn `fnptavc p`rchtmnnf(Jnurhì no

Lnuhsciahb Wsylmninby) 3=-0!) 0


20/24


Bnrlmnoo) \( E() Jnmh) N( W() / Mcisnh) T( -477=!( Lnhtcxtuìazahb lm`hbc ah e`ratì

s`taso`ltanh furahb eaffic `bc: `h 0=%yc`r inhbatufahì stufy(Wsylmninbalì

\lachlc) 01-00!) 0016%0477(

Bnvc) R( T( -0124!( Vmc rci`tanhsmap dctwcch scx rnics) e`ratì st`tus) `hf echtì

aiihcss( \nlaì Onrlcs) 30-0!) tmc wcii%dcahb no tmc ahfavafuì>Jnurhì no Mcìtm `hf \nlaì Dcm`vanr) 46) 044%

0


21/24


Iahvaiic) F() Lmrnhastcr) K() Fasmanh) V() Vnf`mi) J() Eaiicr) J() \m`w) F() B`rfhcr) O() /

Raisnh) E( -4707!( @ inhbatufahì `hìysas no p`rchtahb pr`ltalcs) lnupic

s`taso`ltanh) `hf lmaif dcm`vanr prndices(Jnurhì no E`ratì `hf Oèaiy

Vmcr`py)


22/24


Wnnrte`h) @() / _`h Fcr Iappc) V( -4771!( @ttatufcs tnw`rf mnuscwnrk `hf lmaif l`rc

`hf tmc bchfcrcf favasanh no i`dnr(Jnurhì no E`rra`bc `hf Oèaiy) 20-

360(

Wrapp) @( M() \krcfch) E() \k`ra) M() Eìt) S() / Cedice) T( -4707!( Shfcriyahb

lnrrci`tanh strulturcs no p`rchtì strcss) bchcrì mcìtm `hf `hxacty( \l`hfah`va`h

Jnurhì no Wsylmninby) 30-?!) 62

ah hnh%tr`fatanhì oèaiacs(Oèaiacs) Tci`tanhsmaps) `hf \nlactacs) 4-0!) 21%13(

Tnstnsky) \( \() Tabbic) C( F( D() Br`y) D( C() / Mìtnh) T( I( -4772!( Eahnraty strcss

cxpcrachlcs ah lneeattcf sèc%scx lnupic rci`tanhsmaps(Wrnocssanhì

Wsylmninby) Tcsc`rlm `hf Wr`ltalc)


23/24


johnny has two daddies: an evaluation of gay dads raising kids

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