john samuel 2008 introduction to php note: these slides are not included in coverage for the bif703...
DESCRIPTION
©John Samuel 2008 Objectives Write and execute simple PHP programs using the following language features: Comments Variables Arrays and array functions Use php to create simple dynamic XHTML programs.TRANSCRIPT
©John Samuel 2008
Introduction to PHP
Note: These slides are not included in coverage for the BIF703 final exam...
©John Samuel 2008
Objectives Create and run a simple php program using their web authoring accounts such as Zenit and Matrix.Explain the basic way in with PHP works.Explain how to add PHP code to an XHTML document.
©John Samuel 2008
ObjectivesWrite and execute simple PHP programs using the following language features:
Comments Variables Arrays and array functions Use php to create simple dynamic XHTML
programs.
©John Samuel 2008
PHP Stands for Personal HomePage toolsCreated by Rasmus Lerdorf for his own use.Latest version 5.x Part of “LAMP” technologies (www.onlamp.com)
©John Samuel 2008
PHP It is extremely easy to learn.Syntax is a mix of C and Perl.PHP is a function-based language.There are thousands of PHP functions for just about any imaginable purpose.
©John Samuel 2008
PHP Start with HTML and add specially marked sections of code.Code is executed, any changes or additions are made to the HTML code, and it is returned to the browser/user agent for ‘display’.
©John Samuel 2008
PHP Any XHTML page can be turned into a PHP page simply by changing the extension to .php
©John Samuel 2008
PHP tagsThere are 3 (4) ways to mark PHP code inside a document.Note ; at end of each line.Multiple lines allowed between start and end tags.__ML can be included in PHP print statements.
©John Samuel 2008
PHP tagsThere are 2 shortcuts for including literal or variable data without a print statement,<?= ?> (if short tags enabled) <%= %> (if asp tags enabled)E.g.<?= “hello” ?><?= $name ?>Note, no ; after data
©John Samuel 2008
PHP tags When developing PHP code that may be used by others (modules), it is recommended that you use the formal tags <?php ?> since the other forms are configurable and may not be supported on the user’s system.
©John Samuel 2008
Comments Inside the PHP tags, the following comment styles are allowed. Outside the PHP tags, comments must follow the style of the ML (usually <!-- -->).
Single line PHP comments: // # Multiple line PHP comments:
/*
*/
©John Samuel 2008
CommentsNote that PHP comment markers only apply inside PHP tags
For example:
<? //comment ?>
©John Samuel 2008
Variable typesThere are six types: boolean integer string float objects (beyond scope of course) Array
Variable capacity is system dependent.
©John Samuel 2008
CastingYou can cast in the C style, or use the function settype().
©John Samuel 2008
Variable functions There are many useful functions for working with variables
gettype() returns the type of the variable.There is a boolean function for each type, e.g. is_int($x) returns true if $x is an integer, etc.Can use var_dump() to print details about a value.See http://ca3.php.net/variables for a list of variable functions.
©John Samuel 2008
ArraysCan be multidimensional.Can be indexed or associative.Three important keywords are: array list range
See arrays.php
©John Samuel 2008
Array functionsThere are many useful array functions.See arrayfunctions.phpSee http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.array.php for a complete list.
©John Samuel 2008
Quotation - “” vs. ‘’ Variables and special characters inside “” are interpolated, but ‘’ are not.
Same as in Perl.
©John Samuel 2008
Examples Refer to the following link for examples of code (.txt) and viewing the results (.php):
http:cs.senecac.on.ca/~murray.saul/php
The example basicformwithfunctions.php provides the best example with many of the functions that BIF students are familiar...
©John Samuel 2008
Php installationYou can run php programs on your Zenit and Matrix accounts.
If you want your own development environment for php, you will need to install a web server first (Apache recommended) and then php. To duplicate the environment on Zenit you will also need to install MySql.
©John Samuel 2008
Apache installationIf you already have another web server installed, (e.g. IIS or PWS) you will need to assign a different port to Apache, by editing httpd.conf.
©John Samuel 2008
ConfigurationConfiguration of php can be done by editing
the php.ini file.Read the php documentation and the internal
comment in the ini file to make sure that you know what you are changing.Refer to link:
http://www.php.net/manual/en/configuration.directives.php
©John Samuel 2008
Configurationasp-style tags are not enabled on zenit. Make sure that any assignment code you write at home will run on zenit.If you wish, you can change your php.ini file so that asp/jsp stype tags are also accepted, i.e. change the following line:; Allow ASP-style <% %> tags.asp_tags = Offto read:; Allow ASP-style <% %> tags.asp_tags = On
©John Samuel 2008
Configuration
Allowing asp-style and short open tags on Zenit:
Create a file named .htaccess in the directory that has your php code.
Add the following content:php_flag asp_tags onphp_flag short_open_tag on
©John Samuel 2008
ConfigurationYou can test PHP and learn about its settings by using the function phpinfo().