john redford, biola university
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Uniform titles for music CLA Technical Services Interest Group & the Music Library Association, Southern California Chapter, April 13, 2012. John Redford, Biola University. Why have Uniform Titles for music?. Consider the publishing history of Beethoven’s 5 th Symphony: Symphony no. 5 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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UNIFORM TITLES FOR MUSIC CLA TECHNICAL SERVICES INTEREST GROUP & THE MUSIC LIBRARY ASSOCIATION, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER, APRIL 13, 2012
John Redford, Biola University
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Why have Uniform Titles for music? Consider the publishing history of Beethoven’s 5th
Symphony: Symphony no. 5 Symphony in C minor Funfte Symphonie 5e Symphonie 5th Symphony, op. 67 Symphonie en ut mineur Symphonie nr. 5, C moll, op. 67 Beethoven’s celebrated symphony no. 5
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Uniform titles… Collocate records for a work appearing
under various titles (e.g. Beethoven’s 5th)
Collocate different manifestations of a work, e.g. scores (full score, study score etc.); sound recordings; video recordings
Distinguish different works with similar or the same title
Gather together items that contain similar types of works under a collective uniform title
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And the U.T. is Symphonies, ǂn no. 5, op. 67, ǂr
C minor
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Sample catalog record
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See… Weitz, Uniform Title Headings OCLC BFAS: 240 Uniform Title for definitions, MARC coding and
examples
AACR2 Ch. 25 (25.25 for music)
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The good news! Unlikely that you’ll have to formulate
them Even for original cataloging there’s a
very good chance that the U.T. has already been created for another manifestation of the work
Let’s look in the Authority File… However…
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You should be able to Recognize U.T.s Understand U.T.s Search authority file
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Consider the music reference role Stanford has over 6000 entries for
Mozart How to find Mozart’s Symphony no. 40 in
G minor, K. 550 Uniform title: Symphonies, ǂn K. 550,
ǂr G minor Search for Mozart and K. 550 to retrieve
all manifestations (well maybe not all; we’ll get to collective titles shortly)
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Principles of Uniform Titles A Brief Introduction by Matthew Wise http://library.music.indiana.edu/tech_s/m
la/ut.gui Or Google: music uniform titles
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Three types Generic e.g. concerto, sonata,
intermezzo, string quartet Distinctive e.g. Phantom of the opera,
Stardust Collective e.g. Piano music. Selections,
Chamber music, Orchestral music
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Generic Uniform titles are usually
required for all musical forms (concerto, symphony, trio sonatas, etc.), genres (capriccio, nocturne, intermezzo, etc.), and chamber music combinations (trio, quartet, quintet, etc.).
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Examples Rachmaninoff, Sergei, 1873-1943. Concertos, ǂm piano, orchestra, ǂn no. 2,
op. 18, ǂr C minor Piano concerto no. 2 in C minor, op. 18
Chopin, Frederic, 1810-1849. Waltzes, ǂm piano, ǂn op. 69. ǂn No. 2 Valse in B minor, op. 69, no. 2
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Examples Bartok Bela, 1881-1945. Quartets, ǂm strings, ǂn no. 4 Streichquartett IV (Initial title element isolated: see AACR2
25.28)
Respighi, Ottorino, 1879-1936. Quintets, ǂm piano, strings, ǂr F minor Quintetto in fa minore per pianoforte e
archi
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Uniform titles… may reflect single works or collections of
consecutively numbered similar works. The titles are always given in the plural, unless the composer has written only one work of that type.
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix, 1809-1847.
Sonatas, ǂm clarinet, piano, ǂr E♭ major Sonate Es-dur fur Klarinette und Klavier
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Examples Reger, Max, 1873-1916. Sonatas, ǂm clarinet, piano, ǂn no. 1-3 Drei Sonaten fur Klarinette und Klavier
Bernstein, Leonard, 1918- Sonata, ǂm clarinet, piano Sonata for clarinet and piano
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Instrumentation, serial numbers,… opus numbers, thematic index numbers,
quantitative numbers, keys, and composition dates are moved to subordinate positions in the uniform title, or are omitted. However, integral adjectives which were part of the composer's original title are retained at the beginning.
Schoenberg, Arnold, 1874-1951. Stucke, ǂm orchestra, ǂn op. 16 Funf Orchesterstucke, Opus 16
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Example Kabalevsky, Dmitry Borisovich, 1904- Legkie pʹesy, ǂn op. 39 24 little pieces, op. 39, for the piano
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Thematic indexes Also called Thematic Catalogs An index of a composer’s works usually
in either chronological or genre order with musical incipits
Opus numbers may be used e.g. Beethoven, or a system devised by the indexer e.g. Kochel/Mozart; Hoboken/Haydn; Deutsch/Schubert, or another numbering system e.g. BWV/Bach (Bach Werk Verzeichnis = catalog of Bach’s works)
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Thematic indexes Music catalogers authorized to create
name headings and uniform titles need thematic catalogs and other reference tools such as New Grove to ascertain works and formulate unique uniform titles.
E.g. a publication merely stating Violin Concerto in G by Vivaldi does not state which of the 14 he wrote in that key!
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Distinctive titles For non-generic or "distinctive" titles, the
title in the original language is preferred. These may be found in the composer's worklist in the New Grove Dictionary, the composer's thematic catalog, or other authoritative sources.
Berlioz, Hector, 1803-1869. Symphonie fantastique Fantastic symphony
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Examples Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay, 1844-1908. Zolotoi petushok The golden cockerel
Puccini, Giacomo, 1858-1924. Fanciulla del West The girl of the golden West
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For classical works with “popular” titles,
…the generic uniform title is preferred.
Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828. Quintets, ǂm piano, violin, viola, violoncello, double
bass, ǂn D. 667, ǂr A major Trout quintet for piano and strings, op. 114
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827. Sonatas, ǂm piano, ǂn no. 14, op. 27, no. 2, ǂr C♯
minor Moonlight sonata
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Separate parts of larger works… are hierarchically identified through
uniform titles.
Handel, George Frideric, 1685-1759. Messiah. ǂp Hallelujah Hallelujah chorus, from The Messiah
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examples Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883. Meistersinger von Nurnberg. ǂp Vorspiel Prelude to the Mastersingers of
Nuremburg
Barber, Samuel, 1910-1981. Quartets, ǂm strings, ǂn no. 1, op. 11, ǂr
B minor. ǂp Adagio; ǂo arr. Adagio for strings
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Arrangements for different instrumentations…
are related to their original formats through uniform titles.
Rossini, Gioacchino, 1792-1868. Guillaume Tell. ǂp Ouverture; ǂo arr. William Tell overture : transcribed for
military band
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Example Copland, Aaron, 1900- Sonatas, ǂm violin, piano; ǂo arr. Sonata for clarinet and piano
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Full scores, vocal scores,… librettos, and translations are
hierarchically identified through uniform titles.
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 1756-1791. Zauberflote. ǂs Vocal score. ǂl Italian & German
Die Zauberflote...mit Ubersetzung ins Italienische
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Collective titles Complete works, miscellaneous
collections, complete collections of a specific type, and selective collections of a specific type are uniquely identified through uniform titles.
Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897. Works Samtliche Werke
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Examples Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897. Selections Opus 23, opus 24, opus 18, opus 90
Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897. Piano music. ǂk Selections Complete sonatas and variations for solo
piano
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Music catalogers go beyond the call of duty…
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Searching the authority file Find the correct uniform title for: Adagio from "Moonlight sonata" for violin
& piano / Beethoven Rite of spring / Stravinsky Selections from Songs without words /
Mendelssohn
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And a bit of fun… Find the uniform title for John Redford’s (d. 1547)
contribution to the Mulliner book What are the correct uniform titles for these
arrangements (unpublished) by John Redford (fl. 2012):
Memory from Cats arranged for piano / Andrew Lloyd Webber
18th variation from Rhapsody on a theme of Paganini arranged for solo piano / Sergei Rachmaninoff
Prelude from Ben-Hur arranged for brass quintet and organ / Miklos Rozsa