john m. scavelli mechanical option senior thesis 2010-2011 the … · 2011-04-04 · 3 john m....

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The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural EngineeringJohn M. Scavelli Mechanical Option Senior Thesis 2010-2011 Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student

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Presentation OutlineIntroduction

Location, Statistics, General InformationJohn M. ScavelliThe Pennsylvania State UniversityArchitectural EngineeringMechanical Option Master of Architectural EngineeringBachelor of Architectural Engineering Thesis Advisor: Dr. William Bahnfleth

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Location, Statistics, General InformationActual Mechanical Design

System, Loads, Utility Costs

John M. ScavelliThe Pennsylvania State UniversityArchitectural EngineeringMechanical Option Master of Architectural EngineeringBachelor of Architectural Engineering Thesis Advisor: Dr. William Bahnfleth

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System, Loads, Utility CostsAlternative Design

Mechanical Depth: GSHPElectrical Breadth: PV ArrayConstruction Breadth: Cost Analysis


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The Final AnalysisIntegration of Depths & BreadthsFinal Recommendation


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NYPAManhattan






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Occupant: New York Police Department

Architect: Perkins + Will

Site Size: 2,400,000 SF

Building Size: 840,400 SF

Overall Cost: $656,000,000

East Campus: Academic/Office Space375,405 SF

West Campus: Physical Fitness/ Central Plant465,000 SF

Architecture: Modern w/ Strong Geometric Forms






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Turner Construction Company and STV Inc. will lead as joint General Contractors.

New York Department of Design and Construction will be responsible for overseeing the progression of the project.

Structural Engineers : Robert Silman Associates

Steel Super Structure






Electrical Engineers: WSP Flack + Kurtz

460/265V 3-Phase High Voltage system stepped down to 120/208 V 3-Phase Low Voltage System

Mechanical Engineers: WSP Flack + Kurtz

Centralized Heating and Cooling Plant System

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Ventilation Needs63 Air Handling Units-3,000-30,000 CFM

18-Central Plant26-West Campus19-East Campus

Central Plant-Heating and Cooling6- 1350 Ton Electric Centrifugal Chillers

2 Installed for future expansion6- Induced Draft Cooling Towers

3 Installed for future expansion5-25110 MBH Natural Gas Water Tube Boilers

2 Installed for Future expansion

Central Plant

West Campus

East Campus






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The East Campus was chosen as the specific building of study.East and West Campus essentially two separate buildings375,405 SF

TRANE Trace 700 UsedLocation: LaGuardia Airport (1.6 miles from NYPA)Block Load Analysis52 Zones

Station Latitude Longitude Elevation Heating DB

(99.6%)

Cooling DB

0.4%

Cooling MCWB

0.4%

Evaporation WB

0.4%

Evaporation MCDB 0.4%

Dehumid. DP

0.4%

Dehumid HR

0.4%

Dehumid MCDB 0.4%

New York, LaGuardia

Aprt

40.78N

73.88W

30

12.6

92.2

74.4

77.2

87.2

74.3

185.5

81.0

Tons ft2/ton MBh Btu/hr ft2 Cooling Load 1235.5 303.84 14826.4 39.49 Heating Load - - -10,104.2 -26.92






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Primary Heating Natural Gas Consumption[kBtu]Natural Gas Boilers 5,530,679

Source Electricity Consumption [kWh] Primary Heating 10,945 (does not include gas consumption)

Primary Cooling 1,745,320Auxiliary 103,668Lighting 2,986,304Receptacle 839,635Totals 5,685,782








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Energy Cost Energy Consumption Building Size (East

Campus Only)

Utility Price/ ft2 • yr

$.1611 /kWh 5,634,061 kWh/yr 375,405 ft2 $2.507 / ft2 • yr

$11.858/1000 ft3 NG 5,530,679 kBtu/yr 375,405 ft2 $.1699/ ft2 • yr

Total Utility Cost: $2.677/ ft2 • yr

Annual Cost: $1,004,921/yr








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Justification

System Schematics

Ground Source Heat Pump Loop Sizing

Energy Modeling

Utility Cost Comparison






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Reduce Size of Central Plant yet keep ability for future expansion for West Campus.

East Campus will not be expanded upon.

High Electricity Costs in New York Reduce Energy Consumption

Therefore, reduce utility costs and emissions

New Construction Project

Large enough site for well field

Justification

System Schematics


Energy Modeling







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Justification

System Schematics


Energy Modeling







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Justification

System Schematics


Energy Modeling







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Justification

System Schematics


Energy Modeling

Utility Cost ComparisonCalculated using ASHRAE’s Handbook: HVAC Applications (Chapter 32)Largest length required would be for cooling: 299,183 ft.Cost Optimization of Loop Size( will be discussed under CM Breadth)






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Yearly Electricity Consumption [kWh]System CP GSHP Δ Primary Heating 10,945* 421,204 -410,259 Primary Cooling 1,745,320 833,324 911,996 Auxiliary 103,668 96,049 7,619 Lighting 2,986,304 2,986,304 0 Receptacle 839,635 839,635 0 Totals 5,685,782 5,176,517 509,265

Natural Gas Consumption [kBtu]GSHP System

Primary Heating Central Plant GSHP System Δ Natural Gas Boilers

5,530,679 0 5,530,679

Justification

System Schematics


Energy Modeling







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Energy Cost Energy Consumption Utility Price/ ft2 • yr

CP GSHP CP GSHP

$.1611 /kWh 5,685,782 kWh/yr 5,176,517 kWh/yr $2.507 / ft2 • yr $2.221/ ft2 • yr

$11.858/1000 ft3 NG 5,530,679 kBtu/yr 0 $.1699/ ft2 • yr 0

Total Utility Cost: $2.677/ ft2 • yr $2.221/ ft2 • yr

Annual Cost: $1,004,921/yr $833,774

Justification

System Schematics


Energy Modeling

Utility Cost Comparison17% Annual Utility Savings

Electricity + Natural GasAnnual Savings: $171,147

Life Cycle Analysis will be evaluated after

construction (first) costs are established






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Energy Cost Energy Consumption Utility Price/ ft2 • yr

CP GSHP CP GSHP

$.1611 /kWh 5,685,782 kWh/yr 5,176,517 kWh/yr $2.507 / ft2 • yr $2.221/ ft2 • yr

$11.858/1000 ft3 NG 5,530,679 kBtu/yr 0 $.1699/ ft2 • yr 0

Total Utility Cost: $2.677/ ft2 • yr $2.221/ ft2 • yr

Annual Cost: $1,004,921/yr $833,774

Justification

System Schematics


Energy Modeling

Utility Cost Comparison17% Annual Utility Savings

Electricity + Natural GasAnnual Savings: $171,147

Life Cycle Analysis will be evaluated after

construction (first) costs are established






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$$

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Array Size

Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen

Electrical CharacteristicsStrings, Inverter, Switchgear

Economic Analysis


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Array Size



Economic Analysis






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Array Size



Economic Analysis






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Array Size



Economic AnalysisBasic Array Information

Total Number of Panels 1368 Panels Total SF of Photovoltaics 19,290Ft2






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Array Size



Economic Analysis

System Characteristics Each of the Arrays

(456 Panels)

Voltage [Volts] 434

Current [amps] 194.4

Power [kW] 84.36

Energy Production InformationSolar System Capacity 193.89kWAnnual Electrical Production 237,612 kWh






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5% of Electricity 0.2% Increase in Cost






Array Size



Economic Analysis

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Array Placement

Array Size



Economic Analysis






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Array Placement

Array Size



Economic Analysis






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Length Optimization

Construction Cost

Life Cycle Cost Analysis

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Length Optimization

Construction Cost







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Length Optimization

Construction Cost

Life Cycle Cost AnalysisProvides over 100% of Heating Load






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Length Optimization

Construction Cost

Life Cycle Cost AnalysisUnused Capacity

Under Capacity

Provides over 100% of Heating Load






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Length Optimization

Construction Cost


Supplement with/ Cooling Tower

Optimum Cost

Unused Capacity

Under Capacity






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Length Optimization

Construction Cost







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Length Optimization

Construction Cost







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Yearly Cost Analysis: GSHP + PV System

Life Cycle Cost Analysis: GSHP + PV System

Pros vs. Cons

Final Recommendations

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Pros vs. Cons







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Pros vs. Cons







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ProsReduced Emissions

Reduced Utility Costs

Sustainable Landmark Building

Eliminate Natural Gas Consumption

Decrease Electricity Demand

Cons

Increase in First Costs

Ground Temp Increase

Construction Difficulty

Final RecommendationsGSHP Implementation: Affirmative

Photovoltaic Implementation: Affirmative



Pros vs. Cons







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Justification

System Schematics


Well Field Layout

Energy Modeling







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Justification

System Schematics


Well Field Layout

Energy Modeling







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214 WellsDepth 350’Two Loops per well

Well Field LayoutRow # of Wells Capacity

1 20 9.3%2 20 9.3%3 20 9.3%

Manifold 1 Total: 60 28%4 22 10.3%5 22 10.3%6 22 10.3%

Manifold 2 Total: 66 31%7 22 10.3%8 22 10.3%9 22 10.3%

10 22 10.3%Manifold 3 Total: 88 41%






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Array Placement

Array Size



Economic Analysis






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Array Placement

Array Size



Economic Analysis






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Array Placement

Array Size



Economic AnalysisSharp NU Series 185 W Panels

Solion SunMount System






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Array Placement

Array Size



Economic Analysis






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Array Placement

Array Size



Economic Analysis






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Array Placement

Array Size



Economic Analysis






0 meters

5 meters

10 meters

20 meters

30 meters

0 meters

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Array Placement

Array Size



Economic Analysis






john m. scavelli mechanical option senior thesis 2010-2011 the … · 2011-04-04 · 3 john m....

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