john e. wagner, m.d. - pact grouppactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49...

15
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Fanconi Anemia John E. Wagner, M.D. Blood and Marrow Transplant Program University of Minnesota Cell Therapy for Pediatric Diseases NHLBI PACT Workshop 1415 September 2011 Classic Manifestations of FA Short stature Renal agenesis Radial ray defects Marrow failure

Upload: others

Post on 23-Jul-2020

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation     for Fanconi Anemia

John E. Wagner, M.D.

Blood and Marrow Transplant Program University of Minnesota

Cell Therapy for Pediatric Diseases                                   NHLBI PACT Workshop                                              14‐15 September 2011

Classic Manifestations of FA

Short stature                    Renal agenesis                           

Radial ray defects        Marrow failure

Page 2: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

Fanconi Anemia

• >14 genes identified

• Defect in DNA repair pathway

• Defined natural history (phenotype/genotype correlations but ethnic and racial variations)

• Broad impact (model for understanding DNA repair 100

120 Revertant FA BM

ntrol

understanding DNA repair, cancer biology, stem cell survival, organogenesis)

• Selective growth advantage of normal HSC 0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 25 50 100

FA BM

Normal BM

MMC

CFC

 relative to con

Fanconi AnemiaPredisposition to Marrow Failure and Cancer

l

Median age of diagnosis

Most early deaths are due to BM failure or leukemia

Most late

of diagnosis is 7 years

Blood 2003; 101:1249

Most late deaths are due to solid tumor

Page 3: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

PROBABILITY OF SURVIVAL AFTER ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANTS FOR FANCONI ANEMIA

BY DONOR TYPE AND AGE, 1994-1999IBMTR /ABMTR Newsletter 1 Feb 2002

State of BMT for FA in 1995

BY DONOR TYPE AND AGE, 1994 1999R

OB

AB

ILIT

Y, %

100

40

60

80HLA-identical sibling, 10y (N = 109)

Unrelated, 10y (N = 36)

HLA-identical sibling, 10y (N = 100)

IBMTR /ABMTR Newsletter 1 Feb 2002P

R

0

20

0

YEARS

1 2 3 4 6

P = 0.0001

5

Unrelated, 10y (N 36)

Unrelated, 10y (N = 58)

Sibling Donor Unrelated Donor

Reasons for Poor Outcomes in Patients with an Unrelated Donor

Sibling Donor Unrelated Donor

HLA matched

Earlier treatment

Cy 20 TAI 500 cGy

HLA mismatched

Late treatment

Cy 40 TBI >450 cGy

Good Outcome

Poor Outcome

Page 4: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

Identify potential solutions

Setting the Agenda                        Fanconi Anemia Research Fund

Identify potential solutions

Have an HLA matched donorDevelopment of Unrelated Donor Registry

PGD/IVF                        ‘Savior Sibling’Sa o S b g

Fund the work

Identification of Genes Gene Therapy Trials   BMT Trials

ObservationsDeliberate Conception 1985‐1995

HLA matched (n=12)

Pregnancies (n=77)

Normal (n=63)

( )

19.04%

Elective abortion (n=3)7.9%

Affected (n=14) Elective abortion (n=10)

71.4%

Auerbach AD, Blood Cells 1994

Page 5: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant               New Source of HSC

UCB collected in North Carolina

Tested at Rockefeller, Indiana University and Baylor

Shipped to Paris

Broxmeyer et al. 

ObservationsDeliberate Conception 1985‐1995

HLA matched (n=12)

Pregnancies (n=77)

Normal (n=63)

( )

19.04%

Elective abortion (n=3)7.9%

Affected (n=14) Elective abortion (n=10)

71.4%

Auerbach AD, Blood Cells 1994

Page 6: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

PGD to prevent disease and save the life of an existing child

PGD for

zona pellucida

PGD for mutation

PGD             for HLA

To eliminate risk of genetic  disease

To create an HLA identical stem cell donor

blastomeres

Embryo 4

Page 7: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

on

0 8

1.0n=14

Fanconi AnemiaSurvival after HLA matched UCBT

mulative proportio

0 2

0.4

0.6

0.8

40% success rate   Maternal age factor 

Cum

Months after HSCT

0.0

0.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

October 2000

on

0 8

1.0n=28

Fanconi Anemia/Aplasia                         Transplant Outcomes after HLA matched BMT/UCBT

mulative proportio

0 2

0.4

0.6

0.8BM CD34 selected (n=16)                         UCB (n=12)*

• No graft failure

• No GVHD

Conditioning‐FLU 35 mg/m2 x 4                     ‐CY 5 mg/kg x 4                           

Cum

Months after HSCT

0.0

0.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

• No TRMg/ g

‐CsA for 60 days

Page 8: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

Unrelated Donor HSCT for FA Tackling Problems

Poor engraftment

Intolerance to GVHD and/or its treatment

High risk of infection

Cy 10 mg/kg/day x 4 days

TBI 450 cGy

CsAT cell depleted 

BM

GVHD low (18%)                                     Graft failure high (35%)                   Survival better (23%)

Unrelated Donor HSCT for FA Tackling Problems

Series of 20‐25 patient trials

Add TCD

Add fludarabine GF solved

GVHD solved

Add thymic shielding

TBI dose de escalation

Reduced OI

? Too early

Page 9: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

Radiation Therapy            pyThymic Shielding

Left Lung

Total (Ant+PostTotal (Ant+Post))

Posterior beamPosterior beam

%)

%)

Right LungLeft LungLeft Lung

Anterior beamAnterior beam

DistanceDistance

Dose(%

Dose(%

Maximum dose

Mean dose

Thymus

15% (45 cGy)

17% (51 cGy)

Page 10: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

Thymic Shielding Reduces Risk of Infections

Total # I f ti

# Bacterial I f ti

# Viral I f ti

# Fungal I f tiInfections per 

PatientInfections per 

PatientInfections per 

PatientInfections per 

Patient

TBI 450 including Thymus

2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49

TBI 450 with Thymic h ld

0.56 0.25 0.19 0.13Shielding

TBI 300 with Thymic Shielding

0.11 0.52 0.33 0.14

P value P < 0.01 P < 0.01 P < 0.01 P < 0.01

Small Patient TrialsImpact on Survival

n

1.0 2006 ‐ FLU/CY/ATG/TBI 300/150 TS 89%I

I

I I IIIII I I I I IIIII

mulative Proportion

0.4

0.6

0.8

1999‐2003  FLU/CY/TBI/ATG, TCD   67%

2003‐2006  FLU/CY/ATG/450TBI TS 75%

I I I IIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I II I I

Years

Cum

0.0

0.2

0 1 2 3 4 5

1995‐1999 CY/TBI, TCD 23%

Page 11: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

TBI 450

TBI 300

TBI 150

D/C

Unrelated Donor HSCTFor FA

CY10        CY10         CY10         CY10

HCT

TCD BM

UCB

FLU 35 FLU 35 FLU 35 FLU 35

ATG ATG ATG ATG ATG

/

Thym

ic Shielding

G‐CSF  (ANC 2500)

CSA (Day 180)

(Day ‐5 to 15)MP

‐6              ‐5            ‐4             ‐3              ‐2             ‐1                0             1             2     3

Good Engraftment Despite Thymic Shielding and Reduced Dose TBI

450 no TS 95%300/150 TS 95%1.0

ulative Proportion

450 TS 92%

P=0.740.4

0.6

0.8

I

III

Days

Cumu

0.0

0.2

0 7 14 21 28 35 42

Median 11 days (9‐30)

Page 12: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

Low Risk of Acute GVHD with TCD

Low Risk Chronic GVHD

e

1.0

P=0.15

450 TS 19%300/150 TS 0%umulative Inciden

ce

0.4

0.6

0.8

450 TS 8%450 no TS 19%300/150 TS 0%

Months after HCT

Cu

0.0

0.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Page 13: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

University of Minnesota  Unrelated HSCT for FA

on

1.0I I I I

I I I

Patients 10 yrs old or less           100% (n=10)

umulative Proportio

All patients including adults  83% (55‐94%)      (n=28)

0.4

0.6

0.8I I I I II I I I I II

Years

Cu

0.0

0.2

0 3 6 9

CY10        CY10         CY10         CY10

HCT

TCD BM

TBI 300

Unrelated Donor HSCTFor FA

ding

‐6              ‐5            ‐4             ‐3              ‐2             ‐1                0             1             2     3

UCB

(D 5 t 15)MP

FLU 35 FLU 35 FLU 35 FLU 35

ATG ATG ATG ATG ATG

MMF d 0 t 35

Thym

ic Shield

G‐CSF  (ANC 2500)

CSA (Day 180)

(Day ‐5 to 15)MP

Quality of Life Risk of avascular necrosis                               Risk of infection                                             Need for insulin                                                         

MMF days 0 to 35

Page 14: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

Lessons Learned

• Embed research and clinical care, clearly

GeneralEmbed research and clinical care, clearly demarcating the two

• Educate the FDA reviewers about the disease and its severity

• Enlist outside consultants to insure objectivity j yabout patient eligibility and responses to therapy

• Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time

Lessons Learned

Disease specificUtili ti t d• Utilize patient advocacy groups

‐ to help direct questions next questions

‐ TCD even for those with HLA genotypic identical donors

‐ Embryo selection

‐ to generate seed funding

Page 15: John E. Wagner, M.D. - PACT GROUPpactgroup.net/system/files/workshop11_wagner.pdf2.93 1.58 0.86 0.49 ... •Develop a roadmap, making one change at a time Lessons Learned Disease specific

plants

Fanconi Anemia                              Pathway to Cure

125

150

Cumulative

125

150

Cumulative

Minnesota                       

Number of Tran

sp

201 transplants    (6/2010)

0

25

50

75

100

125

0

25

50

75

100

125

URD RD

FA Research Program

1st Umbilical cord blood transplant

1st T cell depletion for URD BMT

Dose reduced therapy

High dose therapy

TBI dose escalation study

1st successful PGD/IVF

1st use of fludarabine

Gene therapy?

76

78

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010