john clare’s romanticism

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BIBLIOGRAPHY ORIGINAL EDITIONS OF CLARE British Library General Reference Collection C.131.c.26/C.131. c.27/T.1902.(3.) John Rylands Library Edward L. Burney Book Collection (R144907) Special Collections SC5312A/4A PRIMARY SOURCES Abrams, M.H., gen. ed., The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 2 vols, 6th edn `(New York and London: W.W. Norton, 1993). Addison, Joseph, The Spectator, nos. 409411 (1712), 4 vols, III (London: Thomas Bosworth, 1854). Arnold, Matthew, Selected Prose, ed. by Peter J. Keating (London: Penguin, 1970, repr. 1987). Barbauld, Anna Letitia, Selected Poetry & Prose, ed. by William McCarthy and Elizabeth Kraft (Ontario: Broadview Press, 2002). Beattie, James, The Minstrel; Or, The Progress of Genius (17711775; Edinburgh: C. Dilly, 1797). Blake, William, Complete Poems and Prose, ed. by David V. Erdman, with notes by Harold Bloom (New York: Anchor Books, 1962, rev. ed. 1988). Bowles, William Lisle, Sonnets and Other Poems (London: R Cruttwell, 4th edn, 1796). Bowles, William Lisle, The Poetical Works, 2 vols, notes by George Gilllan (Edinburgh: James Nichol, 1855). © The Author(s) 2017 A. White, John Clares Romanticism, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53859-4 303

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Page 1: John Clare’s Romanticism

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ORIGINAL EDITIONS OF CLARE

British Library General Reference Collection C.131.c.26/C.131.c.27/T.1902.(3.)

John Rylands Library Edward L. Burney Book Collection (R144907)Special Collections SC531–2A/4A

PRIMARY SOURCES

Abrams, M.H., gen. ed., The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 2 vols, 6thedn `(New York and London: W.W. Norton, 1993).

Addison, Joseph, The Spectator, nos. 409–411 (1712), 4 vols, III (London:Thomas Bosworth, 1854).

Arnold, Matthew, Selected Prose, ed. by Peter J. Keating (London: Penguin, 1970,repr. 1987).

Barbauld, Anna Letitia, Selected Poetry & Prose, ed. by William McCarthy andElizabeth Kraft (Ontario: Broadview Press, 2002).

Beattie, James, The Minstrel; Or, The Progress of Genius (1771–1775; Edinburgh:C. Dilly, 1797).

Blake, William, Complete Poems and Prose, ed. by David V. Erdman, with notes byHarold Bloom (New York: Anchor Books, 1962, rev. ed. 1988).

Bowles,WilliamLisle, Sonnets andOther Poems (London: RCruttwell, 4th edn, 1796).Bowles, William Lisle, The Poetical Works, 2 vols, notes by George Gilfillan

(Edinburgh: James Nichol, 1855).

© The Author(s) 2017A. White, John Clare’s Romanticism,DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53859-4

303

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Bruegel, Pieter the Elder, The Complete Paintings, ed. by Rose-Marie Hagen andRainer Hagen (Cologne: Taschen, 2000).

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Clare, John, The Rural Muse (London: Whittaker, 1835).Clare, John, The Poems of John Clare, 2 vols, ed. by J.W. Tibble (London: J.M.

Dent, 1935).Clare, John, Selected Poems of John Clare, ed. by Geoffrey Grigson (London:

Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1950).Clare, John, The Prose of John Clare, ed. by J.W. and Anne Tibble (London:

Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1951).Clare, John, The Natural History Prose Writings of John Clare, ed. by Margaret

Grainger (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983).Clare, John, The Later Poems of John Clare: 1837–1864, 2 vols, ed. by Eric Robinson,

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University Press, 1985).Clare, John, John Clare: Selected Poetry and Prose, ed. by Merryn and Raymond

Williams (London: Methuen, 1986).Clare, John, The Early Poems of John Clare: 1804–1822, 2 vols, ed. by Eric

Robinson and David Powell (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989).Clare, John, Selected Poetry, ed. by Geoffrey Summerfield (London: Penguin,

1990, rev. ed., 2000).Clare, John, Northborough Sonnets, ed. by Eric Robinson, David Powell, and

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INDEX

AAbbs, Peter, 14Abstraction, 52, 92, 259Adcock, Anna, 212

Cottage Poems, 179, 189, 212Addison, Joseph, 69, 70Aesthetic, 14–15Alison, Archibald, 70Alpers, Paul, 182Artis, Edmund Tyrell, 137n70Ashbery, John, 11Athens, 106, 125, 128, 130, 236n11Austin, Linda M., 206, 236n1

BBabylon, 25n44, 125, 128, 130Bakhtin, Mikhail, 288Balfour, Ian, 109, 143, 151Banton, John, 96n49

Excursions of Fancy, 96n49Barbauld, Anna Letitia, 4, 208

Lessons for Children, 208Barrell, John, 11, 23n1, 36, 87, 297Barth, J. Robert, 94n12, 103Bate, Jonathan, 21, 28n91

Bate, Walter Jackson, 94n17Beauty, 12, 14, 15, 36, 47, 50–52, 54,

123, 124, 125, 141, 149, 167,168, 218, 222, 246, 248, 252,273, 286

Beddoes, Thomas Lovell, 8Beiser, Frederick C., 134n16Birds, 45, 46, 54, 75, 86, 87, 88, 92,

128, 156, 199, 242, 249, 257,258, 260, 262, 263, 280

Blackstone, Bernard, 229Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 49Blades, John, 243Blake, William

‘Auguries of Innocence’, 220‘Ecchoing Green, The’, 209, 224Jerusalem, 181Milton, 101Songs of Innocence and of

Experience, 208, 210Blanchot, Maurice, 181Bloom, Harold, 30, 31, 181, 221Bloomfield, Robert, 4, 5, 23n4, 270Blunden, Edmund, 11Blythe, Ronald, 276, 284Boden, Helen, 38

© The Author(s) 2017A. White, John Clare’s Romanticism,DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53859-4

321

Page 20: John Clare’s Romanticism

Bonaparte, Napoleon, 43, 44Bowles, William Lisle, 16, 143, 156,

158, 171n62‘Netley Abbey’, 155, 157Sonnets and Other Poems, 171n62

Bradshaw, Michael, 8Brady, Emily, 152Brett, R.L., 69Brooks, Cleanth, 70Brownlow, Timothy, 194Bruegel, Pieter the Elder, 126

Triumph of Death, The, 126Burke, Edmund, 109, 125, 135n27,

135n33, 142, 149, 169n14A Philosophical Enquiry into the

Origin of Our Ideas of theSublime and Beautiful, 109

Burlowe, Henry Behnes, 55Burns, Robert

‘For the sake o’ Somebody’, 281,282, 283, 284

‘Lament for James, Earl ofGlencairn’, 271

‘Lament of Mary Queen of Scots onthe Approach of Spring’, 287

‘Love and Liberty—A Cantata’, 285‘Man was Made to Mourn’, 287‘Oh wert thou in the cauld

blast’, 287, 288‘On a Scotch Bard Gone to the West

Indies’, 287‘Roll thee in my Tartan

Plaidie’, 284–286‘Tam o’ Shanter. A Tale’, 54‘Wilt thou be my Dearie’, 280‘Winter: A Dirge’, 56

Burwick, Frederick, 15, 33, 207Byron, George Gordon, Lord

Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, 15–16,43, 99, 103, 104–133, 184,198

‘Childish Recollections’, 17, 43, 50,205, 209, 211, 213, 215, 216,218, 219, 220, 227–235

Don Juan, 34, 43, 288Giaour, The, 43, 110Hebrew Melodies, 288Hours of Idleness, 43, 227‘I Would I Were a Careless

Child’, 211Manfred, 43, 46‘Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte’, 43Siege of Corinth, The, 43‘Stanzas for Music’, 44‘To Emma’, 54

CCader Idris, 141, 151Caesar, Julius, 130Camposanto, Pisa, 126Canonicity, 3, 108, 270Carnochan, W.B., 96n55Carruthers, Gerard, 270, 298Cary, Henry Francis, 136n44Casaliggi, Carmen, 8Chatterton, Thomas, 31Chilcott, Tim, 11, 19, 26n61, 102,

120, 121, 149, 217Childhood, 14, 16, 17, 43, 44, 104,

205–235, 236n1, 236n2,237n17, 238n55, 247, 300

Chirico, Paul, 14, 48, 160Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 111Civilisations, 100, 106, 111, 114, 115,

119, 124, 125Clare, Johanne, 14, 31, 275, 276Clare, John, 3–28, 29–64, 67–97,

99–103, 105–138, 139–172,177–204, 205–240, 241–266,269–293, 297–301

Anglo-Scots lyric, 269–70, 300

322 INDEX

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Critical reception of, 16, 17, 232Early, middle, and late poetry, 9, 10,

102, 300Editorial debate on, 19–22Works

‘Antiquity’, 102, 134n11,136n51, 155, 171n58,172n74

‘Autobiographical Fragments’(prose), 34, 56, 277

‘Autumn’, 241, 254, 255, 256,257, 262

‘Awthorn Nook, A’, 75–79‘Bean Blossoms’, 282–284‘Birds Nests’, 54‘Boston Church’, 155‘Burthorp Oak’, 140, 147,

152, 153, 154, 158, 160, 168‘Careless Rambles’, 52, 93‘Child Harold’, 43, 206, 242,

288‘Childhood’ (‘The past it is a

magic word’), 205, 213,221, 227, 228

‘Childhood’ (‘O dear to us everthe scenes of ourchildhood’), 239n72

‘Childhood meets joys so easyevery where’, 225–226

‘Childish Recollections’, 17, 47,54, 227–240

‘Cress Gatherer, The’, 96‘Crowland Abbey’, 102, 117,

127, 137n59, 139, 140,146, 152, 155, 156,157–159, 168, 171n65,172n68, 172n70, 192,193, 196

‘Decay’, 264n17‘Description of a Thunder-

Storm’, 109‘Don Juan A Poem’, 43, 61n62

‘Elegy Hastily Composed &Written With a Pencil on theSpot In The Ruins ofPickworth Rutland’, 160

‘Emmonsails Heath inWinter’, 169n2

‘Emmonsale’s Heath’, 169n2,198, 199, 218, 263

‘Eternity of Nature,The’, 136n57

‘Eternity of Time,The’, 136n57, 142

‘Fairy Rings, The’, 73, 74, 81,82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 96n43,162

‘Familiar Epistle to a Friend,A’, 278

‘Fancys’, 86–90, 160‘Fare thee well’, 44‘Farewell! auld Scotland, hills,

and moors’, 58‘First Love’s Recollections’, 218‘Flower of Ould Ireland is Kate

o’ Killarney, The’, 290n2‘Forest Maid, The’, 286, 287‘Genius’, 39, 44, 46, 47, 55,

216, 238n58, 275‘Gipsy’s Evening Blaze,

The’, 188‘Glinton Spire’, 149‘Hail-storm in June, 1831,

The’, 109‘Helpstone’, 68, 205‘Helpstone Green’, 224‘I Am’, 44, 69, 209, 213(‘I had a joy & keep it still

alive’), 159 (see also sonnetson ‘Ashton Lawn’)

‘I love thee dearly my ownbonny Maid’, 292n60

‘Imitation of Burns, An’, 277,279, 280, 282

INDEX 323

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Clare, John (cont.)‘In beauty there is joy for

ever’, 12, 47‘Irish Emigrant, The’, 290n2‘I’veHadMany&CR’, 281, 282‘Journal’ (prose), 32, 162, 288‘Joys of Childhood’, 17, 205,

206, 215, 216, 217, 218,219, 221, 222, 223, 224,226, 229, 231, 233, 235

‘Last ofMarch.Written at LolhamBrigs, The’, 200, 201

‘Lord Byron’, 4, 15,37, 43, 44, 46, 59n28,106, 276

‘Love’, 247‘Love’s Pains’, 289‘Mary’, 207, 284‘Milking Shed, The’, 163–166,

168‘Moorhen’s Nest, The’, 17, 20,

22, 41, 241, 242, 257–260,262

‘Moors, The’, 20, 58‘Napoleon’, 43, 44, 62n70,

137n72‘Native Scenes’, 205‘Night’, 72, 73‘Nightingale’s Nest, The’, 259,

264‘Obscurity’, 100, 142, 147,

148–152, 153, 154, 168,170n29

‘On Seeing a Skull on CowperGreen’, 136n49

‘On Visiting a FavouritePlace’, 52, 53

‘Pastoral Poesy’, 17,35, 40, 41, 42, 241,242, 260

‘Pewits Nest, The’, 264n4‘Pleasures of Fancy’, 70

‘Pleasures of Poesy’, 35–37‘Poem on Death’, 102, 132,

133, 134n10Poems Descriptive of Rural Life

and Scenery, 21, 22, 56, 68,216, 275

‘Poesy’, 260, 261, 262, 263,264n17, 300

‘Poesy—To E.L.E.’, 263n1Popularity in

Authorship, 26n57, 31‘Primrose, The’, 171n50‘Progress of Rhyme, The’, 17, 20,

22, 41, 242–253, 258, 260‘The “Ruins of Despair”’, 16,

33, 177–202Rural Muse, The, 21, 22, 39, 44,

46, 51, 62n70, 96n43,134n11, 136n57, 137n59,152, 155, 163, 254

‘Sang’, 57‘Scotch and Irish girl,

The’, 290n2‘Secret Love’, 290n12‘Self Identity’, 271, 272, 283Shepherd’s Calendar, The, 21, 22,

102, 134n10, 201, 204n39‘Sighing for Retirement’, 41‘Solitude’, 10, 53, 153, 155,

170n33, 220, 242‘Song’ (‘Sweet lassie I will gang

wi’ thee’), 56‘Song: O wert thou in the

storm’, 287, 288‘Sonnet After the Manner of

XXXXX’, 32Sonnets on ‘Ashton Lawn’, 159,

160, 161, 198Sonnets on a winter snow

storm, 72‘Sonnet to XXX’, 32‘Sun, The’, 244

324 INDEX

Page 23: John Clare’s Romanticism

‘Swordy Well’, 92‘Sycamore, The’, 13, 51‘Temple of Minerva, The’,

133‘There’s not a land the sea

surrounds’, 274, 279‘Traveller journeying on the

road alone, The’, 172n73‘Triumphs of Time, The’, 15, 16,

22, 43, 99–133, 136n57,137n59, 138n74, 155, 220,256

‘To Autumn’, 50, 51, 218, 254,255, 256

‘To Charles Lamb’, 299‘To Elia’, 299‘To Jane―of―In the

Manner O’ Burns’, 278, 279‘To Obscurity (Written in a Fit

of Despondency)’, 170n40‘To the Ivy’, 140, 145–147, 168‘To the Memory of John

Keats’, 15, 48–50, 244‘ToWordsworth’, 15, 37, 38, 39‘Twilight’, 73‘Vanity of Fame, The’, 46‘Vanities of Life’, 102, 121‘Village Minstrel, The’, 73–74,

170Village Minstrel, The, 21, 22,

48, 50, 56, 73, 218, 275‘Walcott Hall & Surounding

Scenery’, 16, 20, 124, 177,191–194, 196–198,199–201

‘Waterloo’, 202n3‘What is there in those distant

hills’, 88‘Who would not envy such a

pride of place’, 167‘Winter Scene, A’, 55

(‘Winter is come in earnest &the snow’), 78 (see alsoSonnets on awinter snow storm)

‘Woodland Seat, A’, 39, 40, 167‘Woodman, The’, 56‘Wood Rides’, 22, 142,

165–168‘Yellowhammer’s Nest,

The’, 46, 90, 91–93‘Yellow Wagtails Nest, The’, 91

Coleridge, Samuel TaylorBiographia Literaria, 69–71‘Eolian Harp, The’, 75‘Lines on an Autumnal

Evening’, 97n66‘Monody on the Death of

Chatterton’, 31‘Sonnet to the River Otter’, 211,

212, 222Table Talk, 69‘To the Evening Star’, 89

Collins, William‘An Epistle: Addressed to Sir

Thomas Hanmer’, 244‘Ode on the Poetical

Character’, 93n1, 240n92Cooper, Andrew, 101Cotman, John Sell, 155Cowper, William, 34, 147

‘Yardley Oak’, 147Crabb, George, 215, 238n53

English Synonyms, 238n53Crockett, Clayton, 151Crossan, Greg, 68Crowland Abbey, 102, 117, 127, 139,

140, 146, 152, 155–159, 168,192, 193, 196

Culler, Jonathan, 282Cunningham, Allan, 54, 55, 57, 273,

277, 281‘The Lovely Lass of Preston Mill’, 57

INDEX 325

Page 24: John Clare’s Romanticism

DDamrosch Jr., Leopold, 282Dante, Alighieri, 116

The Divine Comedy, 116Darley, George, 8Dawson, P.M.S., 13, 42, 121,

136n57, 258DeFord, Sara, 136n56De Quincey, Thomas, 207, 215De Wint, Peter, 155Disraeli, Benjamin, 172n72

Sybil, 172n72Drakard and Wilson’s Almanack

Companion, 155Du Bellay, Joachim, 112Duff, David, 11, 25n38, 143Duran, Robert, 143Dyer, John, 198

Ruins of Rome, The, 198

EEdgecombe, Rodney Stenning, 84Eire, Carlos, 47Ellis, David, 134n13Emmerson, Eliza, 28n88Empire, 106, 107, 113, 114, 124,

129, 130Enfield’s Speaker, 227Evance, Susan

‘To Autumn’, 51‘Written in a Ruinous Abbey’, 155

FFancy, 3, 10, 13, 15, 18, 33, 67–96,

200, 211, 224Farley, Paul, 20, 22Feldman, Paula R., 143Ferber, Michael, 8Ferguson, Frances, 109

Fermanis, Porscha, 8Fielding, Henry, 240n92

The History of JonathanWild, 240n92

Fiske, Roger, 281Freud, Sigmund, 92, 103

‘Creative Writers and Day-Dreaming’, 97n65

Friendship’s Offering, 291n21Fuller, John, 143, 145Furness Abbey, 155, 157, 191, 192,

194–196, 198, 200

GGalperin, William, 154Genre, 6, 11, 18, 25n38, 193, 205,

244, 274–276, 282, 289Gifford, Terry, 224Gilchrist, Octavius, 31, 286Gill, Stephen, 171n65, 277Gilpin, William, 187Goldsmith, Oliver, 150, 233

Vicar of Wakefield, The, 233Goodridge, John, 13, 48, 58, 227,

265n36, 276Grant, Johnson, 96n63Gray, Thomas

‘Elegy Written in a CountryChurch-Yard’, 162

‘Ode on a Distant Prospect of EtonCollege’, 17, 211, 219

‘Progress of Poesy, The’, 244, 245,258

Grigson, Geoffrey, 30, 31Grylls, David, 207

HHardy, Barbara, 266n45Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, 212

326 INDEX

Page 25: John Clare’s Romanticism

Hartley, David, 92, 212Haughton, Hugh, 19, 22, 216, 244Hazlitt, William

Lectures on the English Poets, 272Select British Poets, 291n18

Hemans, Felicia Dorothea, 4, 8, 209Henderson, Joseph, 137n70Hessey, James Augustus, 48, 50, 52,

55, 272Heyes, Bob, 136n51, 137n70,

172n74, 240n89Hickman, Ben, 301n3Hirsch, Edward, 289Hogg, James, 5, 13, 55, 209

‘A Boy’s Song’, 209Homer, 253, 273, 299Hopps, Gavin, 119Houghton-Walker, Sarah, 14, 108,

222, 250, 298Hughes, Gillian, 18Hunt, Leigh

Imagination and Fancy: or Selectionsfrom the English Poets, 71

Lord Byron and Some of HisContemporaries, 43

Hybridity, 58, 62n79

IImagination, 33, 67–72, 75–77,

79–81, 84, 85, 89, 92, 93n2,101, 108, 122, 168, 186, 209,210, 249, 300

JJanowitz, Anne, 30, 31, 183, 184,

186, 276Jerusalem, 181, 288Johnson, Samuel, 70Jöttkandt, Sigi, 272

Joyce, Mary, 284Joy, 3, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 36, 39–42,

44, 47, 50–52, 54, 80, 88, 160,164, 166, 167, 205, 206, 211,213, 216–220, 222–231,233–235, 241–266, 289, 300

Juvenile Port-Folio, and LiteraryMiscellany, The, 211

KKant, Immanuel, 103, 109, 134n16,

141Keach, William, 96n57Keats, John

‘Bright Star’, 153Endymion, 13, 47, 48, 215, 217,

218, 262‘I stood tip-toe upon a little hill’, 51Joy, 13, 17, 18, 47, 50, 51, 52, 216,

218, 241, 242, 245, 248,251–258, 263

‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’, 256Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes,

and Other Poems, 49Lyric poetry, 10, 54‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’, 47, 50, 51,

218‘Ode on Melancholy’, 52, 218‘Ode to a Nightingale’, 88, 90, 249,

250, 256, 259‘On First Looking into Chapman’s

Homer’, 253, 299‘On Sitting Down to Read King

Lear Once Again’, 51Poesy, 13, 17, 18, 37, 50, 241,

243–245, 250, 252, 258Sleep and Poetry, 53, 244–247, 251,

253, 254Thoughts on Clare’s verse, 10‘To Autumn’, 50, 51, 241,

254–256, 262

INDEX 327

Page 26: John Clare’s Romanticism

Kelley, Theresa, M., 140–142, 148Knight, W.F., 28n91Kӧvesi, Simon, 14, 22, 31Kucich, Greg, 112, 113, 118, 122,

126

LLabour, 6, 23n13, 46, 117, 131, 163,

192–195, 241, 245, 252, 256,263, 276

Lacan, Jacques, 170n25The Four Fundamental Concepts of

Psychoanalysis, 170n25Lamb, Charles

‘Childhood’, 205, 210, 212, 213,228, 235

Old Benchers of the Inner Temple,The, 210

‘Old Familiar Faces, The’, 212, 213‘On an Infant Dying as Soon as

Born’, 237n27Landon, Letitia Elizabeth, 4, 8Langdale Pikes, 151Langhorne, John, 203n25Language, 12, 34, 35, 50, 54, 57, 58,

76, 102, 106, 122, 129, 132,150, 181, 186, 213, 214, 217,218, 233–235, 246, 247, 253,258, 262, 278, 288

Larkin, Philip, 108Lasinio, Carlo, 126

Triumph of Death, The, 126Leader, Zachary, 19, 20Leask, Nigel, 270Le Beau Monde, or, Literary and

Fashionable Magazine, 215Leonard, John, 9, 24n27Lewis, C.S., 9, 10Lindley, David, 275Literary Souvenir, 155Liu, Alan, 134n14, 202n9

Locke, John, 70, 207, 217An Essay Concerning Human

Understanding, 217Some Thoughts Concerning

Education, 207Lodge, Sara, 11, 37, 139, 143, 145London Magazine, 13, 299Lonsdale, Roger, 93n1, 240n90,

264n8Lyricism, 5, 9–11, 16, 18, 31, 44, 48,

52, 227, 233, 258, 263, 298

MMacaulay, Rose, 161Makdisi, Saree, 101, 120Marggraf Turley, Richard, 214Marlowe, Christopher, 285

‘Passionate Shepherd to His Love,The’, 285

Marsh, Nicholas, 101, 213Marvell, Andrew, 134n10, 193

‘Upon Appleton House’, 193Mason, Emma, 103McEathron, Scott, 14, 22McGann, Jerome, 20McGuirk, Carol, 270, 274, 282, 288McKusick, James, 11, 12, 30MacLennan, George, 9Memory, 15, 17, 36, 48–50, 69, 92,

115, 127, 153, 160–162, 186,192–193, 200, 209, 211,213–217, 219, 220, 222, 225,228, 231, 232, 234, 244, 260,271

Merewether, Charles, 197Montgomery, James, 32, 272, 273Moore, Jane, 17More, Hannah, 23n5, 207, 237n18Muir, Kenneth, 137n67Murry, John Middleton, 30, 31

328 INDEX

Page 27: John Clare’s Romanticism

NNatov, Roni, 209New Historicism, 103, 181, 202n9Newman, Steve, 275Northamptonshire, 270, 288Nostalgia, 221, 229, 230, 232

OO’Halloran, Meiko, 5O’Neill, Michael, 25n37, 225, 274,

275, 288Oppenheimer, Paul, 153

PPastoral, 17, 20, 35, 36, 40–42, 57,

76, 93, 224, 241, 242, 248,252–255, 260, 262, 285

Pattison, Robert, 207, 236n11Paulin, Tom, 12, 15Pearce, Lynne, 284, 288Picturesque, theories of, 187, 188Pielak, Chase, 14Pittock, Murray, 4, 6, 56, 269, 270,

272Plotz, Judith, 206Poesy, 3, 13, 17, 18, 20, 35, 36, 37,

40, 41, 42, 48, 50, 91, 93, 154,197, 224, 241–263, 300

Poetzsch, Markus, 108, 128Potkay, Adam, 109, 110, 140, 217,

218Powell, Grosvenor, 94n10Pre-Raphaelites, 145Price, Uvedale, 187Pringle, Thomas, 273

RRadcliffe, Ann, 156

Romance of the Forest, The, 156

Radstock, William Waldegrave,Lord, 55

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 293n74‘Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd,

The’, 293n74Ramsay, Allan

‘For the Sake O Somebody’, 281‘To the Earl of Dalhousie’, 55

Ramsey, John, 58Rawes, Alan, 136n48Recollections, 17, 36, 43, 50, 160,

171n57, 179, 187, 205–240Remains of Nithsdale and Galloway

Song, 54Reynolds, William Hamilton, 29Ricks, Christopher, 5, 277Robinson, Daniel, 143Robinson, Henry Crabb, 95n34

Diary of Henry Crabb Robinson,The, 95n34

Robinson, Jeffrey C., 9, 76, 77, 82,87, 88

RomanticismAnd canonicity, 3, 108And changing perceptions of, 15,

218Rome, 100, 106, 114, 118, 124, 131Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 207

Émile, or On Education, 207Rowland, Ann Wierda, 209, 210Ruins, 1, 10, 16, 81, 84, 100, 102,

104, 111, 112–115, 121, 124,125, 127–130, 133, 137n70,145–147, 151, 156–162,177–202, 300

Ruskin, John, 71Modern Painters, 95n23

Russett, Margaret, 43

SSales, Roger, 297Schechter, Harriet, 43

INDEX 329

Page 28: John Clare’s Romanticism

Schiller, Frederich‘Ode to Joy’, 216‘On Naive and Sentimental

Poetry’, 232, 234Scotland, 5, 58, 269, 272–274, 276Scott, John, 210, 211

‘Ode to Childhood’, 210, 211Scott, Sir Walter, 45, 55, 118, 270

Antiquary, The, 172n72Lady of the Lake, The, 55

Scrivener, Michael, 14Sedgwick, W.B., 289Sentimental tradition in literature, 12,

280Shakespeare, William

Macbeth, 126, 127, 137n66Othello, 237n22Romeo and Juliet, 73Troilus and Cressida, 170n41

Sharp, Richard, 93n2Shaw, Philip, 109, 122, 150Sheers, Owen, 170n33Shelley, Percy

‘A Lament: O World, O Life, OTime’, 112

‘Fragment. Supposed to be anEpithalamium of FrancisRavaillac and CharlotteCordé’, 116

Mask of Anarchy, The, 249‘Ozymandias’, 112‘To a Skylark’, 258, 259‘Triumph of Life, The’, 126‘Written at Cwm Elan’, 257

Sherwill, Markham E., 34, 55Smith, Charlotte, 16, 23n5, 143

Sonnets, 16, 143Smith, Orianne, 6Snowden, 151Song, 11, 17, 18, 54, 56, 57, 58, 91,

177, 209, 249, 250, 261,

270–272, 274–276, 278,280–282, 284, 285, 287, 288,289

Songs of Scotland, The, 54, 281Sonnets, 13, 16, 17, 19, 31, 32, 34,

36, 37, 39, 40, 48, 49, 51, 67, 72,74–76, 78–86, 88, 89, 124,139–168, 177, 198, 205, 225,235, 298, 299

Southey, RobertLives of the Uneducated Poets, 34‘Ruined Cottage, The’, 16,

178–184, 186–190, 193, 194,196, 200

Spanish Armada, the, 106Spenser, Edmund, 118

Fairy Queen, The, 135n40Spenserian stanza, 15, 16, 73, 74, 99,

107, 110, 119, 125, 129, 131,133, 218, 220, 222

Spiegelman, Willard, 258Spratley, Peter, 158Stafford, Fiona, 297Stamford Champion, 103Stauffer, Andrew, 109Stern, Gerald, 6, 7, 198Storey, Mark, 19, 21, 54Strachan, John, 17Strickland, Edward, 9, 108, 129, 156Subjectivity, 10, 144, 192, 216, 282,

284Sublime, the, 3, 10, 13, 14, 16, 45, 46,

99, 100, 106, 108–110, 115,118, 119, 122, 125, 128, 130,131, 133, 139–143, 145–152,156–158, 162, 167, 168, 208,250, 300

Summerfield, Geoffrey, 286Swingle, L.J., 262Sychrava, Juliet, 12, 232, 235Symons, Arthur, 11

330 INDEX

Page 29: John Clare’s Romanticism

TTannahill, Robert, 277, 288Tasso, Torquato, 46, 117Taylor, James Ely, 95n30

(comp.) Beauties of the Poets, Lyricand Elegiac, The, 95n30

Taylor, John, 13, 19, 21, 22, 32, 48,54, 68, 144, 216, 272, 275, 281

Thacker, Deborah, 207, 208Thornton, Kelsey, 58, 63n104Tibble, J.W., 22Time, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15–18, 22,

31, 33, 43, 46, 49, 53, 54, 80, 82,83, 85, 92, 99–133, 139, 141,142, 143, 145, 146, 148–151,154–160, 164–166, 168, 178,183, 194, 198, 200–202, 206,208, 209, 211, 212, 213, 218,220, 222, 224, 229–232, 251,255, 256, 261, 274, 278, 298,299

Trafalgar, Battle of, 106Transcendence, 12, 15, 18, 44, 47, 80,

109, 165, 242, 250Tuite, Clara, 115

VVardy, Alan, 12, 35, 108Visionary modes, 16, 100, 101, 116,

202, 241, 256

WWainwright, Thomas Griffiths, 29Walcot Hall, 177, 191, 192, 194–200Waldoff, Leon, 283Wallace, Anne D., 89Ward, John Powell, 42, 108Waters, William, 280Watson, Nicola J., 172n72Watts, Isaac, 207, 208

Webb, Timothy, 38Weiner, Stephanie Kuduk, 6, 11White, Adam, 25n35, 26n56, 59n15,

61n61, 237n26White, Simon, 5, 23n13Williams, Merryn, 206Williams, Raymond, 42, 193, 206,

235, 253, 298Wilson Knight, G., 137n64Wimsatt, W.K., 70Wollstonecraft, Mary, 207Wordsworth, William

‘At Furness Abbey’ (‘Here, where,of havoc tired and rashundoing’), 155, 196, 198, 200

‘At Furness Abbey’ (‘Well have yonRailway Labourers to thisground’), 157

‘Beloved Vale!’, 83Categorisation of poems, 33Clare’s parodies of, 32‘Composed or Suggested During a

Tour in Scotland, in theSummer of 1833’, 152

‘Composed Upon WestminsterBridge, September 3,1802’, 35, 37

Excursion, The, 32, 33, 154, 178Guide Through the District of the

Lakes, A, 140‘Hints for the Fancy’, 81–85‘How sweet it is, when mother

Fancy rocks’, 74, 76–78, 83‘Idiot Boy, The’, 32‘Infant M––––M––––, The’, 210‘Influence of Natural Objects in

Calling Forth andStrengthening the Imaginationin Boyhood and EarlyYouth’, 210

‘Lines Written a Few Miles aboveTintern Abbey’, 40, 196, 254

INDEX 331

Page 30: John Clare’s Romanticism

Wordsworth, William (cont.)‘Lucy’, 32Lyrical Ballads, 32, 38, 41, 71, 217Miscellaneous Poems, The, 32, 33, 75‘Ode: Intimations of Immortality

from Recollections of EarlyChildhood’, 171n57, 210,217, 219, 222, 237n17

‘Old Abbeys’, 171n63Poems, In Two Volumes, 61n55,

95n34Poems (of 1815), 71, 73Prelude, The, 34, 38, 53, 103, 104,

122, 153, 184, 191, 192, 194,195, 196, 198, 200, 209

River Duddon, The, A Series ofSonnets: Vaudracour and Julia;and Other Poems, 34

‘Simon Lee’, 38, 39‘Solitary Reaper, The’, 287‘Somnambulist, The’, 152–153‘Sublime and the Beautiful,

The’, 140–142,146–148, 150, 151,162, 167, 168

‘Two April Mornings’, 32‘Waterfall and the Eglantine,

The’, 38‘We are Seven’, 32, 210White Doe of Rylstone, The, 59n21

Wu, Duncan, 94n2, 135n33

ZZimmerman, Sarah, 10, 11

332 INDEX