john c. walker, director, interdisciplinary plant group bioenergy summit, april 17, 2009 how plant...
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John C. Walker, Director, Interdisciplinary Plant GroupBioenergy Summit, April 17, 2009
From Plants to the Pump
ipg.missouri.edu
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Biofuels
Ethanol Biodiesel
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Missouri: Ethanol fr. Corn
• National rank in corn production: 9th
• Operating ethanol plants: 6
• Annual ethanol production: 275 million
• Percentage of all gasoline sales blended with ethanol: 70%
--Source: www.mocorn.org
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Missouri: Soy Biodiesel
• National rank in soybean production: 7th
• “Home” of soy biodiesel
• Operating soy biodiesel plants: 4
• Annual soy biodiesel production: 90 million
--Sources: National Biodiesel Board, MSMC, NASS
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Interdisciplinary Plant Group
• Biochemistry• Bioinformatics• Cell & Molecular Biology• Development• Ecology & Evolution• Environmental Interactions• Genetics & Plant Breeding• Genomics and Proteomics• Plant Pathology & Physiology
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Thelen Lab
Biochemistry
Genomics and Proteomics
Plant Physiology
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seed fillingembryogenesis maturation
development
soybean
canola
castor
starchprotein
oil
Using advanced proteomics to
show how plant cells regulate
oil:protein balance.
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Sharp Lab
Environmental Interactions
Genomics and Proteomics
Plant Physiology
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Genetic diversity in soybean under drought stress
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Genetic diversity and
increased root proliferation
are associated with greater water uptake
from drying soil.
cv 1 cv 2
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Nguyen Lab
Environmental Interactions
Genomics and Proteomics
Genetics & Plant Breeding
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Genetic mapping and engineering for total oil and oleic acid content
• Metabolite profiling to understand oil composition and accumulation in soybeans
• Genetic factors regulating fatty acid synthesis and total oil content
Oil Improvement
High seed oil content + high oleic acid = better “biodiesel”
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Genetics
Plant Breeding
Sleper and Shannon Labs
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Nu
mb
er
of
line
s
Oil %
9.3 10.0 10.7 11.4 12.1 12.8 13.5 14.2 14.9 15.6 16.3 17.0 17.7 18.2
Parent 2 Parent 1
Oil content distribution in 250 F7-RILs
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9
22
30
3840
35
23 2426
18
95
118
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
21-2
5
26-3
0
31-3
5
36-4
0
41-4
5
46-5
0
51-5
5
56-6
0
61-6
5
66-7
0
71-7
5
76-8
0
81-8
586
-
Oleic acid (%)
Nu
mb
er
of
lin
es
Oil Quality
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Environmental Interactions
Plant Physiology
New Crops for Bioenergy
Fritschi Lab
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Sweet Sorghum as a Potential Biofuel Crop
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Environmental Interactions
Plant Physiology
New Crops for Bioenergy
Blevins Lab
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NAD-ME
Pearl millet
Amaranth
Bermuda grass
Switch grass
Buffalo grass
Plant Metabolic Pathways
NADP-ME
Big bluestem
Indian grass
Little bluestem
Crab grass
Corn
Sorghum
Sugar cane
PEP-CK
Guinea grass
Rhode grass
Side oats grama
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Hydroponically Grown Pearl Millet and Purple Amaranth
(μM Mn)
100 5025 10075 100 5025 10075
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Biotechnology for Bioenergy
Birchler Lab
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Smallest mini-B chromosome
Red: TransgeneGreen: B repeat
“Minichromosomes”
Targeting B chromosomes
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• Minichromosomes can serve as a platform for multiple transgenes.
• An extra chromosome would allow plants to be used as a factory for the production of multiple foreign proteins.
• Minichromosomes could also be used to add/modify whole biochemical pathways to plants.
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Plant Transformation Facility
Biotechnology for Bioenergy
Zhang Lab
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Pipeline for Biofuel Research at Plant Transformation Facility
Developing efficient
transformation systems for biofuel crops
Rationale designs for
regulation of lignin
biosynthetic pathway
Transforming biofuel crops
with transgenes for
enhancing biofuel
production
Molecular and phenotypic analysis of transgenic
biofuel crops
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Corn/Switchgrass/Poplar
Analysis of biofuel
production efficiency
Phase 5
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Biotechnology for Bioenergy
Oliver Lab, USDA-ARS
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Switchgrass and Transgenes:Need for Total Gene containment
Desired trait+
Blocked Floral Inhibitor
Activator Line
Vegetative Growth OnlyIncreased biomass + gene containment
(Cre
dit:
Ste
phen
Aus
mus
)
Pho
to: A
nna
Gar
dner
Active Floral Inhibitor
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Plant Sciences @ MU