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Johann Sebastian BACH Magnificat in D BWV 243 für Soli (SSATB), Chor (SSATB) 2 Querflöten, 2 Oboen (Oboen d’amore), 3 Trompeten, Pauken 2 Violinen, Viola und Basso continuo (Violoncello / Fagott / Kontrabass, Orgel) herausgegeben von Ulrich Leisinger for soli (SSATB), choir (SSATB) 2 flutes, 2 oboes (oboes d’amore), 3 trumpets, timpani 2 violins, viola and basso continuo (violoncello / bassoon / violone, organ) edited by Ulrich Leisinger Carus 31.243/03 Stuttgarter Bach-Ausgaben · Urtext In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Bach-Archiv Leipzig Klavierauszug / Vocal score Paul Horn C

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Page 1: Johann Sebastian BACH - carusmedia.com · In that form Bach’s Magnificat was first performed on the 25th December 1723. ... section four the final words “omnes generationes”

Johann Sebastian

BACHMagnificat in D

BWV 243

für Soli (SSATB), Chor (SSATB)2 Querflöten, 2 Oboen (Oboen d’amore), 3 Trompeten, Pauken

2 Violinen, Viola und Basso continuo(Violoncello/Fagott/Kontrabass, Orgel)

herausgegeben von Ulrich Leisinger

for soli (SSATB), choir (SSATB)2 flutes, 2 oboes (oboes d’amore), 3 trumpets, timpani

2 violins, viola and basso continuo(violoncello/bassoon/violone, organ)

edited by Ulrich Leisinger

Carus 31.243/03

Stuttgarter Bach-Ausgaben · UrtextIn Zusammenarbeit mit dem Bach-Archiv Leipzig

Klavierauszug /Vocal scorePaul Horn

C

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Inhalt

Vorwort / Foreword 3

1. Magnificat 4Coro SSATB

2. Et exsultavit 12Aria Soprano II

3. Quia respexit 16Aria Soprano I

4. Omnes generationes 18Coro

5. Quia fecit 24Aria Basso

6. Et misericordia 26Aria Alto, Tenore

7. Fecit potentiam 29Coro

8. Deposuit 35Aria Tenore

9. Esurientes 38Aria Alto

10. Suscepit Israel 41Soli (oder Coro) SSA

11. Sicut locutus est 43Coro

12. Gloria Patri 48Coro

CV 31.243/03

Zu diesem Werk liegt folgendes Aufführungsmaterial vor:Partitur (CV 31.243), Studienpartitur (CV 31.243/07),Klavierauszug (CV 31.243/03), Chorpartitur (CV 31.243/05),8 Harmoniestimmen (CV 31.243/09), Violino I (CV 31.243/11),Violino II (CV 31.243/12), Viola (CV 31.243/13),Violoncello/Fagotto/Contrabbasso (CV 31.243/14),Organo (CV 31.243/49).

2

Zu diesem Werk liegt folgendes Aufführungsmaterial vor:Partitur (Carus 31.243), Studienpartitur (Carus 31.243/07),Klavierauszug (Carus 31.243/03),Chorpartitur (Carus 31.243/05),komplettes Orchestermaterial (Carus 31.243/19).

The following performance material is available for this work:full score (Carus 31.243), study score (Carus 31.243/07),vocal score (Carus 31.243/03),choral score (Carus 31.243/05),complete orchestral material (Carus 31.243/19).

Available on Carus-CD with Dresdner Kammerchor, conducted by Hans-Christoph Rademann (Carus 83.152).

Zu diesem Werk liegt folgendes Aufführungsmaterial vor:Partitur (Carus 31.243), Studienpartitur (Carus 31.243/07), Klavierauszug (Carus 31.243/03), Chorpartitur (Carus 31.243/05),komplettes Orchestermaterial (Carus 31.243/19).

The following performance material is available for this work:full score (Carus 31.243), study score (Carus 31.243/07), vocal score (Carus 31.243/03), choral score (Carus 31.243/05),complete orchestral material (Carus 31.243/19).

On CD with Dresdner Kammerchor, conducted by Hans-Christoph Rademann (Carus 83.152).

2� CV�31.243/03

Zu diesem Werk ist , die Chor-App, erhältlich, die neben den Noten und einer Einspielung einen Coach zum Erlernen der Chorstimme enthält. Mehr Informationen unter www.carus-music.com.

For this work , the choir app, is available. In addition to the vocal score and a recording, the app offers a coach which helps to learn the choral parts. Please find more information at www.carus-music.com.

Page 3: Johann Sebastian BACH - carusmedia.com · In that form Bach’s Magnificat was first performed on the 25th December 1723. ... section four the final words “omnes generationes”

Unter den Kirchenkompositionen aus Bachs erstem Leip-ziger Amtsjahr nimmt das Magnificat eine herausragendeStelle ein. Nach dem 1. Advent schwieg in Leipzig die Kir-chenmusik bis zum 1. Weihnachtstag, für dessen musikali-sche Gestaltung Bach im Jahr 1723 noch auf ein repräsen-tatives Werk der Weimarer Zeit, die Kantate Christen, ät-zet diesen Tag BWV 63, zurückgreifen konnte. Bach nutzteden hierdurch gewonnenen Freiraum zur Kompositionzweier lateinischer Kirchenwerke, des Sanctus in D BWV238 und des Magnificat BWV 243 (das ursprünglich in Es-Dur stand und in dieser Fassung als BWV 243a bezeichnetwird). Einer Leipziger Tradition zufolge, die bis auf SethCalvisius (Thomaskantor von 1594 bis 1615) zurückver-folgt werden kann, konnte der Lobgesang Marias anWeihnachten durch auf das Fest bezogene Einlagesätze er-weitert werden. In dieser Form erklang Bachs Magnificaterstmals am 25. Dezember 1723.

Der biblische Lobgesang Marias aus Lukas 1, Verse 46–55(in der Fassung der Vulgata), wird, wie in zahlreichen an-deren Vertonungen der Zeit, in seine Sinneinheiten zerlegt,die als Chorsätze und Arien gestaltet werden. Die Textwahlbringt es mit sich, dass keine der Arien in der zu dieser Zeitsonst noch vorherrschenden Da-capo-Form steht. Kon-traste werden durch Wahl neuer, nahe verwandter Tonar-ten, durch vielfältige Satztechniken und eine abwechs-lungsreiche Instrumentation erzielt. Die Einheit des Werkswird durch die Wiederaufnahme der Musik des Eingangs-chores für die Doxologie, den Lobpreis Gottes, hergestellt.

Heute ist das Magnificat in seiner überarbeiteten Gestaltwesentlich bekannter als in der Es-Dur-Fassung von Weih-nachten 1723. Die Revision erfolgte nach dem Befund dereinzigen erhaltenen Quelle, einer reinschriftlichen Partiturvon Bachs Hand, in den Jahren um 1732/35. AuffälligsteÄnderung der Revision gegenüber der ursprünglichen Fas-sung ist die Versetzung von Es-Dur nach D-Dur, wobei Bachdie Gelegenheit nutzte, die anspruchsvollen und auf Natur-trompeten in Es ausgesprochen heiklen Trompetenpartienzu entschärfen. Durch das Ausscheiden der weihnachtli-chen Einlagesätze erhielt das D-Dur-Magnificat den Rangeines Repertoirestücks, das nicht nur an Weihnachten, son-dern auch zu den Marienfesten genutzt werden konnte.

Die Partitur gibt über mehrere wichtige aufführungsprak-tische Fragen keinen zuverlässigen Aufschluss: Der ersteThemeneinsatz der Fuge „Sicut locutus est“ (Nr. 11) hatvon Bach eine zweite, deklamatorisch glücklichere Text-verteilung erhalten. Es erschien sinnvoll, diese Deklama-tion, obgleich in der Partitur nur ein einziges Mal – beimersten Basseinsatz – eingetragen, im Aufführungsmaterialauf alle Parallelstellen zu übertragen. In der Originalparti-tur fehlt bei dieser Fuge jeder Hinweis auf die Mitwirkungvon Instrumenten außer dem Basso continuo. Dennoch istes denkbar, dass Bach bei der Aufführung die Singstimmenhier (wie im „Kyrie II“ und „Gratias agimus tibi“ der Mis-sa in h) durch Instrumente verstärken ließ.

Leipzig, im April 2002 Ulrich Leisinger

Among the Church compositions of Bach’s first year inoffice at Leipzig the Magnificat stands supreme. After thefirst Sunday of Advent no church music was performed inLeipzig until Christmas Day, for which Bach was able in1723 to revive a work which he had written at Weimar, thecantata Christen, ätzet diesen Tag BWV 63. Bach used thetime thus made available for the composition of two Latinchurch works, the Sanctus in D BWV 238 and the Magni-ficat BWV 243 (originally written in E flat and in that ver-sion numbered BWV 243a). In accordance with a Leipzigtradition, which can be traced back to Seth Calvisius (Tho-maskantor from 1594 until 1615), Mary’s song of praisewas performed on Christmas Day with additional sectionsrelating to the festival. In that form Bach’s Magnificat wasfirst performed on the 25th December 1723.

The biblical song of Mary, St. Luke 1, verses 46–55 (in theVulgata translation) is here, as in numerous other musicalsettings of the time, divided up into choruses and arias.The most uncommon feature of Bach’s version is that insection four the final words “omnes generationes” aresung by the choir. Thus Bach suggests the generations whowill praise Mary, and despite the brevity of this section hehas here provided a choral movement important for thebalance of the work. The choice of texts entails that noneof the arias is in the then still predominant da capo form.Contrast is achieved through the choice of new, closely re-lated keys, numerous constructional techniques and richlycontrasting instrumentation. The overall unity of the workis attained by the use of the music from the opening chorusin the concluding Doxology.

Today the Magnificat in its revised form is far better knownthan the version in E flat used at Christmas 1723. As can bededuced from the sole surviving source, which is a fair-copyscore in Bach’s hand, the revision was made during the pe-riod 1732/35. The most obvious difference between the re-vision and the original version is the transposition from E flatto D, although Bach used the opportunity to simplify whathad been the extremely challenging parts for natural trum-pets in E flat. By the removal of the added Christmas sectionsand the production of a new fair copy score, which is amongthe most impressive of Bach’s manuscripts, the Magnificat in D became a piece in the repertoire for use not only atChristmas but also on feast days of the Virgin Mary.

The score provides no reliable answers to several importantquestions: Bach has underlaid a second text to the firstsubject of the fugue “Sicut locutus est” (No. 11) in a wayfar more satisfactory than in the original version. It there-fore seems sensible to use this setting of the text – al-though it appears in the score only at the first entrance ofthe bass – in all parallel passages in the vocal parts. In theoriginal score there is no mention of the use of any instru-ments in this fugue except for the basso continuo. Never-theless it seems conceivable that here Bach doubled thevoices with instruments.

Leipzig, im April 2002 Ulrich LeisingerTranslation: John Coombs

CV 31.243/033

Vorwort Foreword

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