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Johann Sebastian BACH Sie werden aus Saba alle kommen They all shall that day come out from Sheba BWV 65 Kantate zu Epiphanias für Soli (TB), Chor (SATB) 2 Blockflöten, 2 Oboen da caccia, 2 Hörner 2 Violinen, Viola und Basso continuo herausgegeben von Reinhold Kubik Cantata for Epiphany for soli (TB), choir (SATB) 2 recorders, 2 oboes da caccia, 2 horns 2 violins, viola and basso continuo edited by Reinhold Kubik English version by Jean Lunn Carus 31.065/03 Stuttgarter Bach-Ausgaben Klavierauszug / Vocal score C

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Page 1: Johann Sebastian BACH - · PDF fileBach’s cantata is characterized by an unusually attractive ... the bass aria is strictly contra-puntal; it evolves from a single short motive,

Johann Sebastian

BACHSie werden aus Saba alle kommen

They all shall that day come out from ShebaBWV 65

Kantate zu Epiphaniasfür Soli (TB), Chor (SATB)

2 Blockflöten, 2 Oboen da caccia, 2 Hörner2 Violinen, Viola und Basso continuoherausgegeben von Reinhold Kubik

Cantata for Epiphanyfor soli (TB), choir (SATB)

2 recorders, 2 oboes da caccia, 2 horns2 violins, viola and basso continuo

edited by Reinhold KubikEnglish version by Jean Lunn

Carus 31.065/03

Stuttgarter Bach-Ausgaben

Klavierauszug/Vocal score

C

Page 2: Johann Sebastian BACH - · PDF fileBach’s cantata is characterized by an unusually attractive ... the bass aria is strictly contra-puntal; it evolves from a single short motive,

Carus 31.065/032

Die Kantate Sie werden aus Saba alle kommen BWV 65von Johann Sebastian Bach gehört zum ersten LeipzigerJahrgang und wurde offenbar am 6. Januar 1724 erstmalsaufgeführt. Da der Originalstimmensatz verschollen ist,lassen sich keine sicheren Aufschlüsse über spätereWiederaufführungen gewinnen. Der namentlich nichtbekannte Dichter, auf den wahrscheinlich auch die Textezu den für die Weihnachtstage 1723 neukomponiertenKantaten zurückgehen, verbindet die Evangelienlesungmit der Epistel. Am deutlichsten wird dies im dritten Satzausgesprochen, indem dort der neutestamentarische Be-richt von den Weisen aus dem Morgenland als Erfüllung derProphezeiungen des Jesaja herausgestellt wird. Die Sätzeder Kantate sind – mit Ausnahme des Schlußchorals – zu Paaren zusammengefaßt: Der Eingangschor mit seinenWorten aus Jesaja 60 wird durch den Choralvers „DieKön’ge aus Saba kamen dar“, die 4. Strophe des Hymnus„Puer natus in Bethlehem“ in deutscher Textfassung,ergänzt. Die folgenden beiden Sätze sind dem Baß als So-listen zugewiesen und bilden schon aus diesem Grund eineEinheit. Der Arientext, der auf 1. Kön. 9, 28 anspielt, greiftdie Schlußgedanken des Rezitativtextes auf: Jesus soll dasHerz zum Geschenk erhalten. Ähnlich sind die beidenanschließenden Sätze mit Solo-Tenor aufeinander bezo-gen: Mit dem Herz wird Jesu alles erhalten; alles, was derMensch redet, tut und denkt, soll dem Dienst des Heilandsgewidmet sein.

Bachs Kantate zeichnet sich durch eine ungewöhnlich reiz-volle Besetzung mit Hörnern, Blockflöten und Oboi da cac-cia aus. Der Eingangschor ist dreiteilig angelegt. Die Chor-fuge entfaltet sich aus der Melodik des orchestralen Vor-spiels, als besonderer Kunstgriff werden in den Schlußtaktenfast alle Stimmen im Unisono geführt. Tänzerisch gibt sichdie Tenorarie, die noch einmal das ganze Instrumentariumaufbietet. Die Baßarie ist hingegen streng kontrapunktischgehalten; sie entwickelt sich aus einem einzigen kurzenMotiv, das in allen Stimmen durchgeführt wird. BeideArien verzichten auf die übliche Da-Capo-Form. DieChoralsätze und die Rezitative sind in bewußtem Kontrastzu den übrigen Sätzen sehr schlicht gehalten.

Die einzig maßgebliche Quelle ist die Originalpartitur (4 Bg., 35,5 x 21 cm, Wasserzeichen: Kleiner Halbmond,Buchstaben IMK in Schrifttafel = NBA IX/1, Nr. 97), diezum Erbteil Carl Philipp Emanuel Bachs gehörte und nachseinem Tode über Georg Poelchau, Abraham Mendels-sohn und die Berliner Singakademie 1854 an die damaligeKönigliche Bibliothek zu Berlin gelangte.1 Ein Titelumschlagist nicht vorhanden, der Kopftitel der Handschrift lautet:JNJ Festo Epiphan: Concerto. â 2 Core du Chasse. 2 Hautb:da Caccia. / due Fiauti 2 Violini è Viola con 4 Voci. DieHandschrift erweist sich als eine Erstniederschrift und ent-hält zahlreiche Korrekturen. Offenbar bereitete Bach dieFuge, die das Kernstück des Eingangschores bildet, beson-dere Mühe. Auf einem Bogen, den er wenige Wochenspäter für die Niederschrift der Kantate Jesus schläft, wassoll ich hoffen weiterverwendete, finden sich zwei Ent-würfe dazu. Von besonderem Interesse ist auch, daß dieArie „Gold aus Ophir ist zu schlecht“ in abweichender

Form in G-Dur konzipiert wurde, wobei als Obligatinstru-ment eine Blockflöte vorgesehen war.

Die Partitur enthält nur wenige dynamische Bezeichnun-gen und Artikulationsangaben. Die im Eingangschor in denTakten 50 und 51 auftretende Wellenlinie ist wohl als einTremolo zu deuten.2 Die Textunterlegung ist unvollständiggeblieben. Insbesondere fehlt ein Hinweis auf den für denSchlußsatz vorgesehenen Choraltext. Carl Friedrich Zelterhat nach 1800 den heute geläufigen Text nachgetragen.Die Zuordnung der 10. Strophe des Liedes „Ich hab inGottes Herz und Sinn“ von Paul Gerhardt (1647) erscheintplausibel, da die Choralstrophe inhaltlich und textlich engmit der voranstehenden Arie verwandt ist. Die Original-partitur gibt auch keinen Aufschluß über die Zuordnungder Instrumente beim Schlußchoral. Die Frage der Stim-mung (C-basso oder C-alto) der Hörner ist nicht sicher zuentscheiden, doch wird man wohl Hörnern in hoher Stim-mung den Vorzug geben.

Die Einrichtung der Handschrift, bei der in der für Bachtypischen Weise die unterhalb des Eingangschors freige-bliebenen Notenzeilen mit den Folgesätzen aufgefülltwurden, und die ungewöhnliche Stellung eines Chorals anzweiter Stelle des Werkes haben später zu einem Mißver-ständnis über die Reihenfolge der Sätze geführt. Mannahm offenbar fälschlich an, daß der Choral ein nachträg-licher Einfall Bachs war und eigentlich die Kantate eröffnensollte. Mehrere Kopien des 19. Jahrhunderts überlieferndaher das Werk mit dem Choral als Eingangssatz und demdaraus entlehnten Titel Die Könige aus Saba kamen dar.

Die Kantate wurde erstmals 1868 von Wilhelm Rust imRahmen der Ausgabe der Bach-Gesellschaft herausge-geben3. In der Neuen Bach-Ausgabe liegt sie, herausge-geben von Marianne Helms, seit 1975 vor.4

Leipzig, im März 1997 Ulrich Leisinger

Vorwort

1 Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Signatur: Mus.ms. Bach P 147.

2 Vgl. dazu die Kritischen Berichte zu NBA I/5 und NBA I/6.3 BG 16, S. 135–166, dazu Kritischer Bericht S. xvi.4 NBA I/5, S. 1–46.

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Sie werden aus Saba alle kommen, BWV 65, by JohannSebastian Bach, belongs to his first annual cycle of LeipzigCantatas, and apparently it was first performed in publicon 6 January 1724. As the original set of parts has beenlost we have no definite information concerning later per-formances. The author of the words, whose identity is un-known, probably also provided the texts for the cantataswhich Bach composed for the Christmas services of 1723.In the present cantata he combined themes from the Epis-tle and Gospel readings for Epiphany. This conjunction isclearest in the third movement, in which the New Testa-ment account of the wise men coming from the East to Jesus is presented as the fulfilment of a prophecy by Isaiah.The movements of the cantata – except for the final cho-rale – are grouped in pairs: the opening chorus with itswords from Isaiah 60 is followed by the chorale verse “DieKönige aus Saba kamen dar,” the 4th verse of the hymn“Puer natus in Bethlehem” in a German translation. Thetwo movements which follow are both solos for the bassand for this reason they form an entity. The subject of thearia, based on 1 Kings 9:28, follows the concluding themeof the recitative: one’s heart should be given as a gift to Je-sus. The two movements which follow, with solo tenor, arealso inter-related: with the heart Jesus will receive every-thing:all that a person says, does and thinks should be ded-icated to the Saviour’s service.

Bach’s cantata is characterized by an unusually attractivescoring, which includes horns, recorders and oboi da cac-cia. The opening chorus is in three sections. The choralfugue is based on motives from the orchestral prelude; inits closing measures, in a remarkable stroke of artistry, al-most all of the parts are treated in unison. The tenor aria isdancelike and once again employs the entire complementof instruments. However, the bass aria is strictly contra-puntal; it evolves from a single short motive, which is de-veloped in all of the parts. In both arias the customary da capo is omitted. The choral movements and the recita-tives, in deliberate contrast to the other movements, arevery straightforward in character.

The only authoritative source for this work is the originalfull score (4 quires, 35.5 x 21 cms., watermark: a smallhalf moon, the letters IMK in the inscription field = NBAIX/1, No. 97). It was part of the inheritance of Carl PhilippEmanuel Bach, and after his death it passed to GeorgPoelchau, then to Abraham Mendelssohn, to the BerlinSingakademie, and finally in 1854 to the then Royal Libraryin Berlin.1 No title cover is extant; the principal title on themanuscript reads: JNJ Festo Epiphan: Concerto. â 2 Coredu Chasse. 2 Hautb: da Caccia. / due Fiauti 2 Violini èViola con 4 Voci. The score is evidently the first manu-script, and it contains many corrections. Evidently thefugue, which forms the heart of the opening chorus, costBach a great deal of effort. On one manuscript sheet,which Bach used again a few weeks later for the fair copyof the cantata Jesus schläft, was soll ich hoffen, there aretwo sketches for the fugue of the present cantata. Alsoespecially interesting is the fact that the aria “Gold ausOphir ist zu schlecht” was originally conceived, in a differ-

ent form, in G major, in which the obbligato instrumentwas a recorder.

The score contains few dynamic markings and articulation.The wavy line in bars 50 and 51 of the opening chorusprobably indicates a tremolo.2 The underlaying of thewords is incomplete. In particular there is no indication ofthe text intended for the final movement. Carl FriedrichZelter added the text which is used today after 1800. Theuse of the 10th verse of the hymn “Ich hab in Gottes Herzund Sinn” by Paul Gerhardt (1647) appears to be plausi-ble, as that verse is closely related in subject matter andtext to the preceding aria. The original score gives no indi-cation of the intended allocation of instruments in the finalChorale. The question of the pitch of the horns (C basso orC alto) cannot be decided with certainty, but the pref-erence probably will be for horns at the higher pitch.

The layout of the manuscript, in which, a typical procedureof Bach, the empty staves below the opening chorus wereemployed for later movements, and the uncommon posi-tion of a chorale as the work’s second movement, have ledin later years to a misunderstanding of the intended orderof the movements. It was wrongly assumed that the cho-rale was a subsequent addition by Bach, which shouldactually begin the cantata. Several 19th-century copiestherefore presented the cantata with the chorale as itsopening movement and the title Die Könige aus Saba ka-men dar borrowed from the chorale.

The Cantata was first published in 1868, edited by WilhelmRust in the Bach-Gesellschaft Complete Edition.3 It waspublished in 1975 in the Neue Bach-Ausgabe, edited byMarianne Helms.4

Leipzig, March 1997 Ulrich LeisingerTranslated by John Coombs

Carus 31.065/03 3

Foreword

1 Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Cat. no.: Mus.ms. Bach P 147.

2 See the Critical Reports to NBA I/5 and NBA I/6.3 BG 16, p. 135–166, see the Critical Report p. xvi.4 NBA I/5, p. 1–46.

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