JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

Bureau of Workers’ CompPA Training for Health & Safety

(PATHS)

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Job Safety Analysis

Also known as “job hazard analysis,” job safety analysis is:

• The breaking down into its component parts of any method or procedure to determine the hazards connected with each key step and the requirements for performing it safely.

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Job Safety Analysis Priorities

• New jobs

• Severity potential

• History of disabling injuries

• Frequency of accidents

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Job Safety Analysis

Job means “task,” for example: • changing a tire, not being an auto mechanic

When creating a job safety analysis, it’s important to use clear, “key” steps.

• Too detailed becomes cumbersome• Not enough detail becomes useless

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Break Job Down into Key Steps

• Making job breakdown so detailed that it results in a large number of steps.

• Making breakdown so general that basic steps are not recorded.

AVOID:

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Changing a Flat Tire on an Automobile

• Job Safety Analysis

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Changing a Flat Tire – Key Steps (TOO MANY)

1. Pull off road2. Put car in “park”3. Set brake4. Turn on “four ways”

5. Open door6. Get out of car

7. Walk to trunk8. Put key in lock9. Open trunk10.Remove jack11.Remove Spare tire

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Changing a Flat Tire – Key Steps (NOT ENOUGH)

1. Park car 3. Put on spare tire

2. Take off flat tire 4. Drive away

Buckeye Towing

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Changing a Flat Tire – Key Steps (JUST RIGHT)

1. Park car, set brake2. Remove jack and tire

from trunk3. Loosen lug nuts4. Jack up car5. Remove tire6. Set new tire7. Jack down car

8. Tighten lug nuts9. Store tire and jack

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Hazards

• Parking car– Struck by traffic

• Removing tire and jack– Back strain– Strike head on

trunk• Loosen lug nuts

– Back/arm strain– Slip and fall

• Jacking up car– Car could fall

off jack• Setting new tire

– Fingers pinched– Back strain

• Tighten nuts– Back strain– Slip and fall

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Work Observation

• Select experienced worker(s) who will cooperate and participate in the JSA process.

• Explain purpose of JSA.• Observe the employee performing the job and

write down basic steps.• Completely describe each step.• Note deviations (very important!).

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Identify Hazards and Potential Accidents

• Search for Hazards– Produced by work– Produced by environment

• Repeat job observation as many times as necessary to identify all hazards.

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Develop Solutions

• Find a new way to do job.

• Change physical conditions that create hazards.

• Change the work procedure.

• Reduce frequency.

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New Way to do Job

• Determine the work goal of the job, and then analyze the various ways of reaching this goal to see which way is safest.

• Consider work-saving tools and equipment.

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Change in Physical Conditions

• Tools, materials, equipment layout or location.

• Study change carefully for other benefits (costs, time savings).

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Change in Work Procedures

• What should the worker do to eliminate the hazard?

• How should it be done?

• Document changes in detail.

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Reduce Frequency

• What can be done to reduce the frequency of the job?

• Identify parts that cause frequent repairs/ change.

• Reduce vibration, save machine parts.

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What Effects?

• A job that has been redesigned may affect other jobs or work processes.

• Check or re-observe the new process once it has been redesigned.

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Summary – JSA/JHAs

• Get assistance from employees who are knowledgeable of and actually do job/task.

• Break job/task down into simplified steps.• Too many or not enough steps = not useful.• Look at all hazards/issues and plan for

adequate protection.• Goal: protect employees from injuries.

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Questions

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