A CRITICAL REVIEW OF JNNURM

Presented By: R. Uttam Kumar

13AR60R36MCP 1st SEMESTER

Department of Architecture and Regional PlanningIIT Kharagpur

CONTENT

o INTRODUCTION

o SCOPE OF STUDY

o WHY JNNURM?

o JNNURM WORKING STRUCTURE

o CASESTUDY _ JNNURM IN PUNE

o OBSERVATIONS PER CAG’S REPORT

o INFERENCES

INTRODUCTIONJawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) is a massive city-modernisation scheme launched by the Government of India under Ministry of Urban Development. Named after Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, the scheme was officially inaugurated by prime minister Manmohan Singh on 3 December 2005 as a programme meant to improve the quality of life and infrastructure in the cities.

• Largest Urban Initiative in the history of the country

• Duration of the mission would be seven years beginning from 2005-06.

• Rs 50,000 crores over 7 years

• 63 qualifying cities & 9 eligible sectors

Source: www.jnnurm.nic.in

WHY JNNURM?

• Increase in urban population

• Increasing dependence of productivity of cities

•Increase in urban slums

•Lack of infrastructure supporting the rise in population

Source: www.censusindia.gov.in

JNNURM - INTENT

JNNURM aimed at creating economically productive, efficient, equitable, and responsive cities, focusing on

a) Development of economic and social infrastructure and renewal of inner

areas

b) Ensuring basic services to the poor

c) Undertaking wide-ranging reforms - eliminating legal, institutional

and financial bottlenecks

d) Strengthening municipal governments and their functioning in accordance

with 74th CAA.

ForOthercities

UIDSSMT &IHSDP

Track-IITrack-II

JNNURMFor

63 Identifiedcities

Track-ITrack-I

JNNURM-Two Track Strategy

MISSION COVERAGE

A Cities/UAs with 4 million plus population as per 2001 census

07

B Cities/UAs with 1 million plus but less than 4 millionpopulation as per 2001 Census

28

C Selected Cities/UAs (State Capitals and other cities/UA ofreligious/historic and touristic importance)

28

63 cities in total including mega cities, million-plus cities and cities of religious/historic/tourist significance

MISSION OBJECTIVES

5Redevelopment

of old cities

4Provision of

services for theurban poor

3Planned

development ofcities

2Ensure

adequate fundsto fulfill

deficiencies1Integrated

development ofinfrastructure

services

6Secure effective

linkages betweenasset creation &

asset management

Encourage reformsand fast track

planneddevelopment

MISSION STRATEGY

5Optimizing to reduce

Life cycle costs

4Direct fund flow

Encourage reformsand fast track

planneddevelopment

3Release and

leveraging of funds

2Preparation of

project

1Preparing city

development plan

6Encouraging PPP’s

MISSION COMPONENTS

Admissible Components:

Urban Renewal

Water Supply (including

Desalination & Sewerage)

Solid Waste Management

Storm Water Drains

Urban Transport

Parking spaces on PPP basis

Development of heritage areas

Prevention & rehabilitation

of soil erosion (only in case

of Special Category States)

Preservation of water bodies

Inadmissible Components:

Power

Telecom

Health

Education

Wage employment & staff components

UIDSSMT:

Power and telecommunication work

Rolling stock like buses and tram

Health and educational institution

Urban transport (MRTS, LRTS etc.)

Wage employment and staff component

FUNDING PATTERN

Urban Infrastructure and GovernanceFunding Pattern

Grant ULB/Parastatals/Loan fromFinancialInstitution

Centre State

Cities with 4 million plus population

50% 15% 35%

Cities with million plus but less than 4million population

30% 20% 50%

Cities in North Eastern States andJ&K

90% 10%

Other Cities 80% 10% 10%

Setting up de-salination plants 80% 10% 10%

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

• Operate with modern and transparent financial management systems.

• Financially self-sustaining agencies for urban governance

• City-wide framework for planning and governance to become operational.

• Up gradation of urban infrastructure.

• Access to basic level of urban services to all urban residents.

• E-governance applications in core functions of ULB’s/ Parastatal agencies

CASE STUDY - VIJAYAWADA

Vijayawada is the third largest city in Andhra Pradesh after Hyderabad and Vishakapatnam.

It is one of the major railway junction connecting the northern and southern parts of India

It is considered as the agricultural and commercial capital of the state

Main Features of the project:

•Sewerage connection available on demand

•Reduced complaints on mosquitoes and flies

•Improved health and hygiene situation

•Savings cost due to septic tank cleaning and initial construction cost

CASE STUDY - SURAT

Surat is the second largest city in Gujarat after Ahmedabad

It is known for textile trade and diamond cutting& manufacturing industries

CASE STUDY - CHENNAI

Chennai is the capital city of Tamil Nadu state and fourth largest metropolitan city

The metropolitan area consists of 1 cantonment, 4 townships, 16 municipalities, 20 special village panchayats and 213 village panchayats

It is a major port and trade city which acts as gateway in the southern part of India

Site before construction Site after construction

CASE STUDY - MADURAI

Madurai is a temple town situated on river Vaigai and third largest city in Tamil Nadu state

It’s a pilgrimage centre and has Meenakshi temple at its core

CASE STUDY - BANGALORE

Bangalore which is major IT industry based city has many slums which is significantly tampering the city’s prestige

The JNNURM scheme intended to alleviate the social status of this slums in the period of 7 seven years

The team of CIVIC had conducted a survey on the slums and its conditions deducing to a form indicator based analysis

OBSERVATIONS FROM CAG’S REPORT

•A total of 1517 and 1298 housing and urban infrastructure projects respectively were approved and only 22 housing projects were completed and regarding urban infrastructure projects only 231 projects out 1298.

•The mandatory and optional reforms were not implemented thus the objective of bringing about reforms in institutional, financial and structural governance of the ULB’s could not be achieved

•From the audit reports it has been estimated that almost 1112.4 crores have been in loss in accountability.

•There is no adequate staff working under various ministries to get the expected outcome which lies as major drawback in the implementation of the scheme.

1. Efficiency of urban governance and delivery of services depends on the efficacy of institutions of governance. This calls for urgent attention and priority action under JNNURM and the Mission document must reflect this.

2. A major failure of city governance has been our inability to address the needs of the poor - basic services like drinking water supply, sanitation, housing and social services are not available to an increasing share of urban population.

3.Incentives to those states which are implementing the reforms envisaged in JNNURM guidelines.

4.Government should review the status of all housing projects and step up efforts to make allotment to eligible beneficiaries.

5.Government should strengthen the monitoring system of the execution of the projects.

6.The fiscal structure needs to be given more transparency and monitoring such that there is no monetary loss.

INFERENCES

REFERENCES• JNNURM report by Arun Meira• JNNURM appraisal report by John Thornton• CIVIC report on Bangalore slums• www.JNNURM.nic.in• Assessment on JNNURM projects by Darshini

Mahadevia and Trisha Gogoi