JLab12 / 2A parte

Esperimenti

• Hypernuclei

• Pb-QuasiElastico

• PVES/PREX

• Form Factors @ 12GeV

Apparati

• SBS Front Tracker

• Milestones / Richieste Finanziarie• Milestones / Richieste Finanziarie

Gradi di libertà nucleariGradi di libertà nucleari

Gradi di libertà nucleoniciGradi di libertà nucleonici

Evaristo Cisbani / Roma gruppo collegato SanitàEvaristo Cisbani / Roma gruppo collegato Sanità

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - E. Cisbani 1

Electroproduction of Hypernuclei in HallA

e

p

K+

e’

*

N … N

Nucleus

Hypernucleus

p

beam

Scattered electronDetected by HRSe

Kaon detected by HRSk

N … N

1 ZKeZe AA 1 ZKeZe AA

Adapted from: F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, 15th of September, 2009

Reactions Investigated: 9Be9Li(spin doublets, information on s-s)

12C12B(comparison with previous data: better

understanding of results with hadron probes and Hall

C at JLab) 16O16N(precise determination of binding

energy)

Experimental requirements:Excellent Energy ResolutionDetection at very forward angles (6° to obtain practical counting rates septum magnets)

Excellent Particle Identification, unambiguous kaon selection RICH

High luminosity

Study -N Interaction potentialStudy -N Interaction potential

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 – Hypernuclei - E. Cisbani 2

Fit to the data (red line): Fit 4 regions with 4 Voigt functions 2/ndf = 1.19

Theoretical model (blu line) based on :i) SLA p(e,e’K+) (elementary process)ii N interaction fixed parameters from KEK and BNL 16

O spectra (J. Millener)

Results on 16O target – Hypernuclear Spectrum of 16N

Binding Energy B=13.76 ± 0.16 (stat) ± 0.05 (sys) MeVMeasured for the first time with this level of accuracy

/ 13.76 ±0.16Theory

Fit

Paper resubmitted to PRLPaper resubmitted to PRL Adapted from: F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, 15th of September, 2009

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - Hypernuclei - E. Cisbani 3

JLAB Hall A E-94107: Preliminary Results on 9Be target

Theory (J. Millener and M. Sotona)

Fit (four peaks)

Adapted from: F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, 15th of September, 2009

Use Be windows dataof waterfall target to increase statistics

Use Be windows dataof waterfall target to increase statistics

TO DO:TO DO:

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - Hypernuclei - E. Cisbani 4

E-07-012 - The Angular Dependence of16O(e,e’K)16N and 1H(e,e’K)

These data and, especially, the ratio of HN to the elementary cross section will give:

• new valuable information on hypernuclear structure (including spin assignment of produced hypernuclear states), and reaction mechanisms

• the modification of the dynamics of the (e,e’K+) process in the nuclear medium.

Parasitic test for E-08-012 Study of Light Hypernuclei by Pionic Decay at JLab

Will run right before 6 GeV shutdown

Will run right before 6 GeV shutdown

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - Hypernuclei - E. Cisbani 5

Studio correlazione long-range e dinamica relativistica nel mezzo nucleareAdapted from Guido Urciuoli

(Pb-QE)(Pb-QE)

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 – PbQE - E. Cisbani 6

Esperimenti di Violazione della Parità• Misura accurata della asimmetria nei processi elastici (e DIS) di elettroni

polarizzati longitudinalmente su nucleone/nucleo non polarizzato

• Accesso alle costanti di accoppiamento deboli elettroni-quark (u/d) delle correnti neutre, ovvero alla corrente debole del protone, ovvero all’angolo di mixing debole

• Pone limiti su esistenza di nuova fisica (PVDIS, QWeak, Möller) • Ha permesso la misura del contributo dei quark s ai fattori di forma del

nucleone (HAPPEX, G0)• Permette la misura di importanti grandezze nucleari soppressi nei

processi elettromagnetici PREX21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 – PVES - E. Cisbani 7

Violazione di Parità e l’angolo di mixing a basse energie

Programma rilevante delle sale A e C

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 – PVES - E. Cisbani 8

%1%3 n

n

R

dR

A

dA

Lead (208Pb) Radius Experiment: PREX

Clean Probe Couples Mainly to Neutrons

(T.W. Donnelly, J. Dubach, I. Sick)

In PWIA:

w/Coulomb distortions (C. J. Horowitz) :

208Pb

E = 850 MeV, =6° electrons on lead

Elastic Scattering Parity Violating Asymmetry

Adapted from Guido Urciuoli

•Implicazioni su equazione di stato stelle neutroni•Propedeutico per test standard model•Implicazioni su equazione di stato stelle neutroni•Propedeutico per test standard model

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 – PVES/PREX - E. Cisbani 9

In run primavera 2010In run primavera 2010

Fattori di Forma Elettromagnetici del Nucleone

2tan

2

)( e

p

ebeam

l

t

Mp

Ep

M

EE

P

P

G

G

Trasferimento di polarizzazione dalla sonda elettronica al protone diffuso elasticamente

22MpEp GG

d

d

Nella separazione Rosenbluth l’approssimazione di singolo fotone scambiato non sembra adeguata

Evidente discrepanza tra i due metodi di misura. Mal comprensione dei meccanismi di QED nei processi elastici!

+ nuove informazioni nello studio della struttura del nucleone+ nuove informazioni nello studio della struttura del nucleone

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 – FF@12GeV - E. Cisbani 10

Approved FF Experiments @ 12 GeV

• E12-07-109: GEp up to 14.5 GeV2 by recoil-polarization

– Require high lumi (low analyzing power and elastic cross section ~ E2

beam/Q16

• E12-09-016: GEn/GMn up to 10 GeV2 by beam-target double-polarization:

– Polarized 3He, neutron detector

– Doulbe Spin Asymmetry ~ GE/GM

• E12-09-019: GMn up to 13.5→18 GeV2 by cross section ratio D(e,e’n)/D(e,e’p)

– High luminosity; neutron detector

New SBS Spectrometer New SBS Spectrometer

+ SIDIS @ 12 GeV (see Patrizia Rossi)+ SIDIS @ 12 GeV (see Patrizia Rossi)

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - FF@12GeV - E. Cisbani 11

EM FF: Perché alti Q2

Test per molti modelli fenomenologici.

Studio regione di transizione tra la descrizione non- e perturbativa della QCD

Constraint of the H and E GPD

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - FF@12GeV - E. Cisbani 12

New SBS Spectrometer (GEP5 Conf.)

• Alta Luminosità (1038 /cm2/s)

• Angoli molto in avanti

• Moderatamente larga

accettanza

• Buona risoluzione in momento

(0.5% a 4-8 GeV/c)

• Buona risoluzione angolare 0.2

mrad

• Flessibilità (possibilità di

riconfugurare i rivelatori in

modo ottimale Front Tracker

Pol. GEM

HCAL ECAL BigBen BigBite RICH BB

Calo

GEP X X X X X

GEN X(BB) X X X

GMN X(BB) X X X X(gas) X

SIDIS X(BB) X X X X X

A1n X(BB) X X X X(gas) X

A(Q2) X(BB) X X X X(gas) X

RCS X X X X X X

SRC X X X X X(gas)

e,e’ X X X X X X X

hallaweb.jlab.org/12GeV/SuperBigBite/

Responsabili dello sviluppo del tracciatore GEM+ design elettronica per tutti i rivelatori GEM

Responsabili dello sviluppo del tracciatore GEM+ design elettronica per tutti i rivelatori GEM

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 – SBS Tracker - E. Cisbani 13

SBS Tracking Requirements

RequirementsTracking Technology

Drift MPGD Silicon

High Rate (up to): 0.55+0.17 MHz/cm2

NO MHz/mm2 MHz/mm2

High Resolution: <100 m Achievable 50 m 30 m

Large Area: 40x80 and 100 x 200 cm2 (+ minimize dead area)

YES DoableVery

Expensive

MPGD = Micro Pattern Gas Detector (GEM, Micromegas …)

… and modular: reuse in different geometrical configuration

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - SBS Tracker - E. Cisbani 14

GEM for SBS

• Standard 3 GEM foils• 2D Readout plane, 0.4 mm pitch• Approx. 50000 channels• Chamber made by 40x50 cm2 modules

• Minimize frames (8 mm width) • Minimize front-end electronics size• Minimize cabling• Optimize HV distributionSezioni coinvolte: BA + CT + GE + ISS

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - SBS Tracker - E. Cisbani 15

GEM: Prototype 0 and 1• First 10x10 prototypes

under cosmic test• Using 70/30 Ar/CO2 gas

mixture• 7 Independent HV levels

up to ~ 5000 V

Assembling the GEM chambers parts require a careful quality control at several check points and specific tools for gluing, heating, testing, cleaning

Final 40x50 cm2 module finalized; GEM foils and readout orderedFinal 40x50 cm2 module finalized; GEM foils and readout ordered

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - SBS Tracker - E. Cisbani 16

+ Small Silicon Detector

Track

Angular Range

Chamber doublet

DipoleSD

(x/y)

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - E. Cisbani 17

SiD Detector Layout (RM1)

10cm

20cm

50m

FE

FE

FE

FE

2000 ch.

2000 ch.

2000

ch.

2000

ch.

~ 1 40x100 cm2 GEM chamber

Costo e X0 equivalenti

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - E. Cisbani 18

SBS Front Tracker: Modellizzazione + Rec

Photons largest background (80%)Photons largest background (80%)

GEANT4 + RootGEANT4 + RootFEMFEM

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - E. Cisbani 19

SBS Front Tracker Electronics

• Use APV25 (CMS and COMPASS): 128 analog channels at 40 MHz; no real alternative existing

• Compact FrontEnd card designed by GE

• Cabling minimized by flexible backplane

• Work in progress on ADC Module (for 16 APV25) in VME64x standard

• Read both SiD e GEM

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - E. Cisbani 20

SBS: Collaborazione Internazionale

Progetto SBS in sottomissione al DOE da parte dei gruppi americani (CMU, UVA, W&M, NSU, Rutgers&UNH, JLab) per circa 3 M$ (+ contingenza)

+ Glasgow+ FIU+ Glasgow+ FIU

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - E. Cisbani 21

JLab12: Milestones 2010

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011

12

Presa dati esperimento PREX (sala A)

Presa dati esperimento g9-FROST (sala B)

Presa dati esperimenti DVCS (sala A) e HD-Ice (sala B)

Test sui prototipi del rivelatore centrale per neutroni di CLAS12

Analisi sistematica tramite spettroscopia Raman di composizione del gas HD

Conclusione simulazioni e allestimento facility per i test su componenti calorimetro del Forward tagger per CLAS12

Sottomissione per pubblicazione dei seguenti lavori: 1)misura sezione d'urto gamma n->k+sigma- 2) misura correlazioni ed effetti relativistici nel piombo 3) misura dei momenti della funzione di struttura F2 nei nuclei

Avanzamento prototipazione RICH per CLAS12

Avanzamento prototipazione GEM per il tracker della sala A

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - E. Cisbani 22

JLab12: Richiesta Finanziaria 2010

COL = Funzionamento collaborazioneGEM = Tracciatore per SBSRICH = RICH per CLAS12FT = Forward Tagger per CLAS12CD = Central Neutron DetectorHD = HD-ice target

Capitoli vs SottoprogettiCapitoli vs Sottoprogetti

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - E. Cisbani 23

  COL   GEM   RICH   FT   CD   HD   Totale

MI 32,5 0 17 0 11,5 0 10 0 8 0 0 0 79

ME 316,5 0 57 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 45,5 0 452

CO 35 0 13 0 32 0 5 0 0 0 13 0 98

TR 2,5 0 4,5 0 10 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 22

IN 47,5 0 17,5 0 5 0 0 0 6,5 0 2 0 78,5

SW 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

AP 0 0 86 36 83 0 63 0 0 0 25 0 293

Totale 436 0 195 36 174,5 0 78 0 19,5 0 85,5 0 1024,5

JLab12: Richiesta Finanziaria 2010

• Proposte dettagliate e basate in larga misura (ove applicabile) su offerte

• Richiesta complessiva inferiore all’anno precedente

Sezioni vs SottoprogettiSezioni vs Sottoprogetti

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - E. Cisbani 24

  COL   GEM   RICH   FT   CD   HD   Totale

BA 20,5 0 19,5 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 52

CT 60 0 83 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 159

FE 26 0 0 0 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 77

GE 131 0 0 0 0 0 71 0 4 0 0 0 206

ISS 58 0 64,5 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 157,5

LNF 119 0 0 0 96,5 0 0 0 15,5 0 0 0 231

RM1 13 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41

RM2 8,5 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 85,5 0 101

Totale 436 0 195 36 174,5 0 78 0 19,5 0 85,5 0 1024,5

Conclusioni

• JLab ha un programma di upgrade avviato e finaziato interamente (si pensa già al futuro prossimo con EIC)

• Offre e continuerà ad offrire una vasta gamma di opportunità di fisica dal subnucleare ai processi elettrodeboli

• La collaborazione italiana ha un ruolo rilevante in diversi campi di indagine di punta per il laboratorio

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - E. Cisbani 25

Support Slides

SBS Front Tracker Project

BA: Gas system + Electronics (FE chips)CT: Mechanics + Test + MC + Slow Control + (Ele)GE: ElectronicsISS/ROME: Prototyping, Test, Digitization + Reconstruction,

Evaluate/Prototype SiD, Coordination

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - E. Cisbani 27

10 Jul 2009 JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani 28

- energy resolution = 650 KeV/c the best achieved in hyp. prod.

- first clear evidence of core excited states with high statistical significance

Hall A E-94-107 High Resolution Hypernuclear Spectroscopy16O(e,e’K)16N12C(e,e’K)12B

understanding of the elementary reaction on proton, poorly known

- separation between 3rd and 4th peak and narrow 4th peak very small p

spin-orbit splitting

- binding energy B=13.76±0.15 MeV for the first time with this level of accuracy

K+

ee’

p

Results on 16O target – Hypernuclear Spectrum of 16N

11

11.5

12

12.5

13

13.5

14

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Serie1

E94-107

(+,K+)

(K-,-) (Kstop,-)

[1] O. Hashimoto, H. Tamura,Part Nucl Phys 57, 564 (2006)

[2] private communication from D. H. Davis, D. N. Dovee, fit of data from Phys Lett B 79, 157 (1978) [3] private communication from H. Tamura, erratum on Prog Theor Phys Suppl 117, 1 (1994)

Comparison with the mirror nucleus 16O

Difference expected with respect to mirror nucleus:

400 – 500 keV (M. Sotona)

F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, 15th of September, 2009

Paper (re)submitted to Paper (re)submitted to Phys Rev Lett Phys Rev Lett

[1] [2] [3]

PREX & Neutron Stars

Crab Pulsar

( C.J. Horowitz, J. Piekarweicz )

R calibrates EOS of Neutron Rich Matter

Combine PREX R with Obs. Neutron Star Radii

Some Neutron Stars seem too Cold

N

N

Crust ThicknessExplain Glitches in Pulsar Frequency ?

Strange star ? Quark Star ?

Cooling by neutrino emission (URCA)

0.2 fm URCA probable, else not pn RR

Phase Transition to “Exotic” Core ?

Atomic Parity Violation• Low Q test of Standard Model

• Needs R to make further progress.

2

N

rdrZrNG

H eePWNF

PNC35/2 )()sin41()(

22

0

APV

Isotope Chain Experiments e.g. Berkeley Yb

Atomic Parity Violation• Low Q test of Standard Model

• Needs R to make further progress.

2

N

rdrZrNG

H eePWNF

PNC35/2 )()sin41()(

22

0

APV

Isotope Chain Experiments e.g. Berkeley Yb

10 Jul 2009 JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani 35

Proximity RICH / Preliminary Performance

Error in angle reconstruction: < 7 mr n-K ~ 4.5

Mean number of PhotoElectrons for : NPE ~ 9

K

Transversity Experiment data taking completed in Feb/09

Missing energy (MeV)

Red line: Bennhold-Mart (K MAID)

Blue line: Sagay Saclay-Lyon (SLA)

Curves are normalized on g.s. peak.

Red line: Bennhold-Mart (K MAID)

Blue line: Sagay Saclay-Lyon (SLA)

Curves are normalized on g.s. peak.

JLAB Hall A E-94107: Preliminary Results on 9Be target C

ou

nts

/ 2

00 k

eV

F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, 15th of September, 2009

Energy levels

Cou

nts

/ 1

50 k

eV

Energy levels

Theory (J. Millener and M. Sotona)

Fit (four peaks)

10 Jul 2009 JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani 37

Analysis of the 9Be(e,e’K)9Li

Complex structure, different fits can be compared with the theoretical curve

E-07-012 - The Angular Dependence of 16O(e,e’K)16N and 1H(e,e’K)

These data and, especially, the ratio of HN to the elementary cross section will give new valuable information on hypernuclear structure (including spin assignment of produced hypernuclear states), reaction mechanisms and, even possibly the modification of the dynamics of the (e,e’K+) process in the nuclear medium.

Parasitic test for E-08-012 Study of Light Hypernuclei by Pionic Decay at JLab

38

10 Jul 2009 JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani 39

Detector optimisation and calibration completedfirst draft paper on Q2 dependence ready; 2 additional papers will follow

10 Jul 2009 JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani 40

Nuova strumentazione per sala A

Prototipo GEM

Gli esperimenti sulla struttura dei nucleoni TMD (SIDIS) e FF (scattering elastico) richiedono un nuovo spettrometro: a larga accettanza

(angolo e momento) in grando di supportare

luminosità di 1038 cm-2s-1

SBS in configurazione SIDIS

hallaweb.jlab.org/12GeV/SuperBigBite/

Recoil Polarization Method

• Frame da 8 mm

• Elettronica a 90 gradi rispetto alla superfice utile su tutti i lati (richiesta per piani u/v con strip diagonali)

• Connettori ZIF

Modulo GEM40x50 cm2

21 Set 2009 / CSN III JLab12 - E. Cisbani 42