jet propulsion mech
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Jet Propulsion Systems in Aircraft
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Contents1. History of Jet Engines
2. Introduction
3. Parts Of Jet Engine
4. How A Jet Engine works5. y!es Of Jet Engine
5.1 "a#$et
5.2 ur%o$et
5.3 ur%ofan 5.4 ur%o!ro!
5.5 ur%os&aft
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Continued . . .'. Co#!arison Of ur%o$ets
(. Jet Engine )s "ockets
*. +i,cu-ties. /uggestion 0or I#!roe#ent
1. erits And +e#erits
11. Jet Engine ses
12. Conc-usion13. 0uture )ision
14. "eferences
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1.History Of Jet Engines
&e rst $et engine was %ui-t %yEgyptian scientists during 16.C.
&e deice was known as Aeo-i!i-e and used stea# !ower directedt&roug& two no77-es to cause as!&ere to s!in ra!id-y on its a8is
It was not used for su!!-ying
#ec&anica- !ower and was si#!-yconsidered a curiosity
Dr. Hans von Ohain and SirFrank Whittle were t&e !ioneers%e&ind today9s $et engines.
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2.Introduction• &e ter# $et engine -oose-y refers to an Interna- Co#%ustion Air
6reat&ing Jet Engine :a duct engine;. &ese ty!ica--y consist of anengine wit& a rotary :rotating; air co#!ressor !owered %y atur%ine :<6rayton cyc-e<;= wit& t&e -eftoer !ower !roiding t&rustia a !ro!e--ing no77-e.
• Jet engine is not&ing %ut a >as tur%ine.
• It works under t&e !rinci!-e of ?ewton9s t&ird -aw w&ic& statest&at @0or eery acting force t&ere is an eua- and o!!osite forceB.
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3.Parts Of Jet Engine
0A? COP"E//O" CO6/O" "6I?E IE" ?ODDE
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4.How A Jet EngineForks G
Jet engines !ro!e-s an aircraft forward wit& a great forcew&ic& is !roduced %y a tre#endous t&rust fro# t&e#= &encea--owing t&e !-ane to y.
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Continued . . .
Air Intake
sucked in %y t&eco#!ressor
Co#!ressor
series of anes and stators. &e anes rotate= w&i-e t&e
stator re#ains stationary. co#!ressor s!eed and
te#!erature increasesgradua--y
0ue- 6urner
0ue- is #i8ed wit& t&e air=and e-ectric s!arks -ig&t
t&e #i8ture causing it toco#%ust.
Co#%ustion C&a#%er
&e air is %urnt a-ong wit&fue-.
Hence increasing t&ete#!erature and !ressureof t&e air inside t&e engine.
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Continued . . . ur%ine
Forks -ike a wind#i-- &e %-ades gain energy fro# t&e
&ot gases #oing !ast t&e#.
&is #oe#ent is used to !owert&e co#!ressor.
Jet Pi!e and Pro!e--ing ?o77-e
&e &ot air rus&es out of t&e no77-e.
&ig& !ressure Hot air rus&es out at ery &ig&
s!eed
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5. y!es Of Jet Engines1. Ramjet
2. Tr!ojet
". Tr!o#an
$. Tr!oprop
%. Tr!o sha#t
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5.1 "a#$et• It &as no #oing !arts.
• Its co#!ression ratio de!ends onforward s!eed.
• &ey consist of t&ree sections an
in-et to co#!ressed onco#ing air= aco#%ustor to in$ect and co#%ustfue-= and a no77-e
• "euire a re-atie-y &ig& s!eed toe,cient-y co#!ress t&e onco#ing
air.
• &ey are #ost e,cient at su!ersonics!eeds= It &as no static t&rust
• guided#issi-e syste#s= /!ace
e&ic-es use t&is ty!e of $et
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5.2 ur%o$et
• &e tur%o$et engine is a reactionengine.
• A tur%o$et engine works %y
co#!ressing air wit& an in-et anda co#!ressor= #i8ing fue- wit&t&e co#!ressed air= %urning t&e#i8ture in t&e co#%ustor= andt&en !assing t&e &ot= &ig&!ressure air t&roug& a tur%ine and
a no77-e
• /u%stantia- increases in t&rustcan %e o%tained %y e#!-oying anafter%urner
• sed in g&ter !-anes= and were
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"ecent ur%o$et Engine
&e Rolls&Royce'Snecma Olymps %(" wasa re&eated :after%urning; tur%o$et w&ic&!owered t&e su!ersonic air-iner Concorde.
)eneral characteristics
Type* ur%o$et
+ength* 43 ## :15 in;
Diameter* 1212 ## :4(.(5 in;
Dry ,eight* 31(5 kg :(= -%;
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icrotur%o$ets for Fea!ons
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5.3 ur%ofan
• A tur%ofan engine is a gas tur%ineengine t&at is ery si#i-ar to atur%o$et. ur%ofans diKer fro#tur%o$ets as t&ey &ae an additiona-
co#!onent= a fan
• &e o%$ectie of t&is sort of %y!asssyste# is to increase t&rust wit&outincreasing fue- consu#!tion.
• It ac&iees t&is %y increasing t&e tota-air#ass ow and reducing t&ee-ocity wit&in t&e sa#e tota- energysu!!-y.
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5.4 ur%o!ro!• A tur%o!ro! engine is a $et
engine attac&ed to a!ro!e--er.
• a$ority of t&eir t&rust isfro# t&e !ro!e--er= t&oug&
&ot$et e8&aust is ani#!ortant design !oint= and#a8i#u# t&rust is o%tained%y #atc&ing t&rustcontri%utions of t&e!ro!e--er to t&e &ot $et.
• odern tur%o!ro! enginesare eui!!ed wit& !ro!e--erst&at &ae a s#a--erdia#eter %ut a -argernu#%er of %-ades fore,cient o!eration at #uc&
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5.5 ur%os&aft ur%os&aft engines are ery
si#i-ar to tur%o!ro!s= diKeringin t&at near-y a-- energy in t&ee8&aust is e8tracted to s!in t&erotating s&aft.
&ey t&erefore generate -itt-eto no $et t&rust.
It does not drie a !ro!e--er
and !roides !ower for a&e-ico!ter rotor.
It !er#its t&e rotor s!eed to %eke!t constant een w&en t&es!eed of t&e generator is
aried .
i i &
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'. Co#!arison Fit& ur%o$ets
Tr!ojetRamjets
-o compressor tr!ine
+ight in ,eight
/ach no 2 to %
Start only at /ach 2 an0 a!ove
Has got compressor tr!ineHeavy/ach no. 2Starts ,ith ero initial velocity
i
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(. Jet Engines )s"ockets
3et Engine Rockets
O8ygen fro# at#os!&ere forco#%ustion
Carry t&eir own o8ygen forco#%ustion
Fork on-y in at#os!&ere Fork in acuu# and at#os!&ere
iuid fue- -iuid or so-id fue-
Hig& /!ecic I#!u-se ow /!ecic I#!u-se
Co#!-e8 /tructure /i#!-e /tructure
Hig& E,ciency ow E,ciency
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*. +i,cu-ties
i#e sca-e of co#%ustion ota- te#!erature in co#%ustion
c&a#%er Cou!-ing t&e air fra#e to t&e engine /cra#$et cannot o!erate %e-ow #ac&
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. /uggestion 0orI#!roe#ent
E#!-oy actie coo-ing
+esigning %etter #ateria-s and a--oys w&ic& retain t&eir
strengt& at &ig& te#!eratures
/#art structures L /tructure and #ateria- w&ic& c&anget&eir s&a!es and !ro!erties in ig&t.
+esign engines w&ic& switc& fro# scra#$ets to ra#$ets.
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1. erits And +e#erits
/erits o# 3et Engineover 45 Engine
ec&anica- e,ciency
of $et engine is &ig& asco#!ared to IC engine.
Feig&t and s!eed of $etengine !er HP dee-o!ed
is &ig&er t&an IC engine.
Ignition and -u%ricating syste#s are #uc&si#!-er in $et enginet&an IC engine.
&er#a- e,ciency of Jetengine is -ow co#!ared to ICengine
+i,cu-t to start
ur%ine %-ades need a s!ecia- coo-ing syste# due &ig&te#!erature
Demerits O# 3et EnginesOver 45 engine
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11. Jet Engine ses &e industry t&ey9re #ost
!ro#inent in= is in t&e trans!ortindustry= w&ere t&ey are used to!ro!e- aircraft= %oats= and inso#e one of creations suc& as a
tur%o$et !owered truck.
&e rst use of t&e $et enginewas to !ower #i-itary aircraft.
&e 6e-- P5A AirCo#et was
a-so dee-o!ed %y t&eA#ericans. &ey &ad a #assieadantage oer !ro!e--er drien!-anes= in t&at t&ey were #uc&faster
&e >enera- e-ectricco#!any used a
@tur%o!ro!B $et engine torun an e-ectric generator.
&ese engines are a-soused to !ro!e- ?aa- s&i!sdue to t&eir &ig& !ower to
weig&t ratio and a%i-ity totake u! sudden -oads.
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12. Conc-usion?or#a- ty!e of $et engine is used for do#estic !ur!ose i.e.
rae-ing= carrying goods etc.
"a# and scra# ty!e of $et engines used in on-y in +efence
sector. 6ecause it trae-s at su!ersonic s!eed and genera--y&ig& -ee- of training is reuired.
/ince it trae-s at suc& a s!eed it is can not used fortrae-ing.
/o t&at co##on ty!e of $et engines are ery co##on inuse.
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13. 0uture )ision
Decrease0 gross li#t 6 o7 ,eight
8 Smaller #acilities 9 easier han0ling+ea0ing to higher sa#etyFlights can !e a!orte0 ,hiles the vehicle gli0es !ack
to earth/issions can !e more :e;i!le
Wi0er range o# emergency lan0ing sites #or intacta!ort
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14. 6i%-iogra!&y&tt!MNNscience.&owstuKworks.co#Ntrans!ortNig&tN#odernNtur%ine.&t#
&tt!MNNen.wiki!edia.orgNwikiNJetengine
&tt!MNN www.goog-e.co#&tt!MNN www.%oeing.co#
&tt!MNN www.$et engine.co#
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&ank Qou
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