Jefferson vs. Hamilton

USHC 1.6Analyze the development of the two-party system during the presidency of George Washington, including controversies over domestic and foreign policies and the regional interests of the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists.

The Clash of the Cabinet

The President’s Cabinet

http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet

Washington’s Cabinet

NAME POSITION STATEThomas Jefferson Sec. of State VAAlexander Hamilton Sec. of Treasury NYHenry Knox Sec. of War MAEdmund Randolph Atty. General VA

FEDERALISTS The First Party System REPUBLICANSHAMILTONJohn Adams Leaders JEFFERSON

James Madison

Strong CENTRAL Gov. Federalism States’ Rights

LOOSE Construction Constitution STRICT Construction

YES Gov. Involvement in Economy NO

VERY YES National Bank NO

YES Protective Tariff NO

YES Federal Assumption of State War Debts NO

Urban (Commerce) Supporters Rural (Agrarian)

“Those who labor in the earth are the chosen people of God, if ever he had a chosen people, whose breasts he has made his peculiar deposit for substantial and genuine virtue. It is the focus in which he keeps alive that sacred fire, which otherwise might escape from the face of the earth.”

-- Notes on the State of Virginia

Agrarianism

The Jeffersonian Economic Model

CLICK HEREto read an excerpt from Jefferson’s Notes on the

State of Virginia.

RAW MATERIALS

FINISHED GOODS

AGRICULTURE

MANUFACTURING

Jefferson’s economic model depended on a laissez-faire policy of FREE TRADE between the U.S. and Europe.

US in

1789

Hamilton’s Proposals

Hamilton’s economic proposals pursued three goals:

1. Public Credit2. National Bank3. Domestic Manufacturing

Washington’s Farewell Address

WARNINGS AGAINST:

1. Political Partisanship2. Entangling Alliances

REPUBLICAN

The Election of 1796John Adams Thomas Jefferson

FEDERALIST

VS.

SECTIONALISM

18001796

Partisan Newspapers

National Gazette(Republican)

Gazette of the United States(Federalist)

old

QuerulousBald

BLIND

crippled

tOOTHLESS

Adams

The Griswold-Lyon Fight1798

The Alien and Sedition Acts1798

Federalists in Congress place restrictions on citizenship and POLITICAL SPEECH.

Was the Sedition Act constitutional?

From Amendment I:

RESERVED

Congress shall make no law… abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press…

Virginia and

Kentucky

ResolutionsMadison

Jefferson

Madison Jefferson

State legislatures can protest [and nullify] unconstitutional laws.

Kentucky ResolutionsIn questions of power, then, let no more be heard of confidence in man, but bind him down…by the chains of the Constitution.

Jeffersonto John Taylor of Caroline

“A little patience, and we shall see the reign of witches pass over, their spells dissolve, and the people, recovering their true sight, restore their government to its true principles.”

18001796

REVOLUTION

…and Congress, too!

1798 18000

5

10

15

20

25

Parties in the U.S. SenateSixth and Seventh Con-

gresses

Federalists

Republicans

1798 18000

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Parties in the U.S. HouseSixth and Seventh Con-

gresses

Federalists

Republicans